[Effects of ultrasound on the physiological characteristics and competitive growth between Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella pyrenoidosa]. / è¶ å£°æ³¢å¯¹é“œç»¿å¾®å›Šè—»ä¸Žè›‹ç™½æ ¸å°çƒè—»ç”Ÿç†ç‰¹å¾åŠç«žäº‰ç”Ÿé•¿çš„å½±å“.

Microcystis aeruginosa is a common bloom-forming cyanobacterium, which generally coexists and competes with Chlorella pyrenoidosa in lakes. Sonication can be used for emergency management of algal blooms. Ultrasound influences algal growth and physiological parameters, as well as interspecific competition in algal community. To explore the effects of ultrasonic stress (35 kHz, 0.035 W·cm-3) on physiological characteristics and interspecific competition of algae, M. aeruginosa and C. pyrenoidosa were sonicated in mono- and co-cultures (1:1 mixture, according to cell concentration). Results showed that M. aeruginosa was more sensitive to ultrasonic stress. After the sonication for 600 s, both photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) and esterase activity of M. aeruginosa showed significant changes, with Fv/Fm values in mono- and co-cultures being decreased by 51.8% and 64.7%, respectively. In comparison, Fv/Fm values of C. pyrenoidosa changed slightly. M. aeruginosa released more chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM, including tryptophan-, tyrosine-, and fulvic-like substances) than C. pyrenoidosa. The cell concentration of C. pyrenoidosa showed little changes regardless of sonication time, while the cell concentration of M. aeruginosa decreased at different degrees. The cell concentration of M. aeruginosa in co-cultures decreased by 42.6% after sonication for 600 s, which might be responsible for the dominance of C. pyrenoidosa during 8 days after sonication. M. aeruginosa inhibited C. pyrenoidosa in other treatments, but mutual inhibition appeared in the 600 s sonication treatment. After ultrasonic treatment, the activity of M. aeruginosa could recover gradually. The treatment should be conducted again within a week to improve the persistence of algal control.

Diet-induced obesity mediates a proinflammatory response in pancreatic ß cell via toll-like receptor 4.

Toll-like receptor 4 has an important role in inflammation and immunity. Whether TLR4 signaling contributes to the link between insulin resistance and islet ß cell dysfunction is an unanswered question. Here, we show that in the face of the same high-fat continuous stimulation for 24 weeks, in TLR4-/- HF mice, the weight, fraction of the liver, epididymal fat pad fraction, as well as blood glucose and insulin levels were lower than in the WT HF group. In TLR4-/- HF mice, the O2 consumption, CO2 production and activities were higher than in the WT HF group. Glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test and insulin release test suggest that the impaired insulin secretion was significantly improved in TLR4-/- HF mice, compared with the WT HF group. In TLR4-/- HF mice, islet ß cell ultrastructure was not damaged in the face of the same high-fat continuous stimulation, compared to that in the WT HF group. By detecting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the primary islet, insulin secretion of TLR4-/- HF mice was better than that of the WT HF group, and in the TLR4-/- HF group, at the mRNA level, islet interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were significantly lower than in the WT HF group. There was the islet macrophage infiltration in the WT HF group, but no significant macrophage infiltration in the TLR4-/- HF group. These data suggest that the damaged islet functions of the high fat diet-induced obesity mice may be linked to the TLR4 expression level, and the recruitment of macrophages into the islets.

The impact of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Upregulation of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) has been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis in a variety of malignant tumors. However, the impact of LAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the expression of LAT1 in HCC was associated with established clinicopathological features. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect LAT1 mRNA expression in 23 pairs of fresh-frozen HCC tissues and corresponding noncancerous tissues. Results showed that LAT1 mRNA expression level in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding noncancerous tissues. To investigate the association between LAT1 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC, immunohistochemistry was performed in 148 archived paraffin-embedded HCC samples. High LAT1 expression in HCC was associated significantly with tumor size (P = 0.032), histological differentiation (P = 0.003), and tumor stage (P = 0.01). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that patients with a high expression of LAT1 have a significantly increased risk of shortened survival time. Moreover, stepwise Cox regression showed that LAT1 expression may be an independent prognostic factor. Collectively, our study demonstrated that LAT1was overexpressed in HCC and could be served as a potential prognostic marker.

[Semiconductor low level laser irradiation for exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of semiconductor low level laser irradiation for the treatment of postoperative exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants. METHODS: 22 cases with postoperative exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants were divided into three groups according to the size of implants exposure. The exposure wound in the 3 groups was irradated with semiconductor low level laser 5 min per day for 5-15 days. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 24 months. RESULTS: In the group with less then 3 mm of exposure, the wound healed in 1 week after 5-10 days irradiation; in the group with implant exposure of 4-7 mm, the would healed in 1-2 weeks after 10-15 days irradiation; in the group with implant exposure of 8-10 mm, the would healed in 2-3 weeks after 10-15 days irradiation. Compared with the treatments of drugs and/or surgical repair, which was used for another 20 cases of exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants, semiconductor low level laser increased healing rate obviously in the groups with implant exposure of 4-7 mm and 8-10 mm (P = 0.019, 0.018). CONCLUSION: Semiconductor low level laser has better effects than drugs and/or surgical repair for exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants.

Semiconductor low level laser irradiation for exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of semiconductor low level laser irradiation for the treatment of postoperative exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>22 cases with postoperative exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants were divided into three groups according to the size of implants exposure. The exposure wound in the 3 groups was irradated with semiconductor low level laser 5 min per day for 5-15 days. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 24 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the group with less then 3 mm of exposure, the wound healed in 1 week after 5-10 days irradiation; in the group with implant exposure of 4-7 mm, the would healed in 1-2 weeks after 10-15 days irradiation; in the group with implant exposure of 8-10 mm, the would healed in 2-3 weeks after 10-15 days irradiation. Compared with the treatments of drugs and/or surgical repair, which was used for another 20 cases of exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants, semiconductor low level laser increased healing rate obviously in the groups with implant exposure of 4-7 mm and 8-10 mm (P = 0.019, 0.018).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Semiconductor low level laser has better effects than drugs and/or surgical repair for exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implants.</p>