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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women globally and in the United States (US); however, its incidence in the six US-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) remains less characterized. METHODS: We analyzed data from a population-based cancer registry using different population estimates to calculate incidence rates for breast cancer among women aged >20 years in the USAPI. Rate ratios and 95â¯% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare incidence rates between the USAPI and the US (50 states and the District of Columbia). RESULTS: From 2007-2020, 1118 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in the USAPI, with 66.3â¯% (n = 741) of cases reported in Guam. Age-standardized incidence rates ranged from 66.4 to 68.7 per 100,000 women in USAPI and 101.1-110.5 per 100,000 women in Guam. Compared to the US, incidence rates were lower in USAPI, with rate ratios ranging from 0.38 (95â¯% CI: 0.36, 0.40) to 0.39 (95â¯% CI: 0.37, 0.42). The proportion of late-stage cancer was significantly higher in the USAPI (48.7â¯%) than in the US (34.0â¯%), particularly in the Federated States of Micronesia (78.7â¯%) and Palau (73.1â¯%). CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer incidence rates were lower in the USAPI than in the US; however, late-stage diagnoses were disproportionately higher. Low incidence and late-stage cancers may signal challenges in screening, cancer surveillance, and health care access and resources. Expanding access to timely breast cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment could reduce the proportion of late-stage cancers and improve survival in the USAPI.
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MAIN CONCLUSION: In this study, six ZaBZRs were identified in Zanthoxylum armatum DC, and all the ZaBZRs were upregulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and drought. Overexpression of ZaBZR1 enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic Nicotiana benthamian. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a pivotal class of sterol hormones in plants that play a crucial role in plant growth and development. BZR (brassinazole resistant) is a crucial transcription factor in the signal transduction pathway of BRs. However, the BZR gene family members have not yet been identified in Zanthoxylum armatum DC. In this study, six members of the ZaBZR family were identified by bioinformatic methods. All six ZaBZRs exhibited multiple phosphorylation sites. Phylogenetic and collinearity analyses revealed a closest relationship between ZaBZRs and ZbBZRs located on the B subgenomes. Expression analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of ZaBZRs in Z. armatum, and their promoter regions contained cis-acting elements associated with hormone response and stress induction. Additionally, all six ZaBZRs showed upregulation upon treatment after abscisic acid (ABA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), indicating their participation in drought response. Subsequently, we conducted an extensive investigation of ZaBZR1. ZaBZR1 showed the highest expression in the root, followed by the stem and terminal bud. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that ZaBZR1 is present in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Overexpression of ZaBZR1 in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana improved seed germination rate and root growth under drought conditions, reducing water loss rates compared to wild-type plants. Furthermore, ZaBZR1 increased proline content (PRO) and decreased malondialdehyde content (MDA), indicating improved tolerance to drought-induced oxidative stress. The transgenic plants also showed a reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Importantly, ZaBZR1 up-regulated the expression of drought-related genes such as NbP5CS1, NbDREB2A, and NbWRKY44. These findings highlight the potential of ZaBZR1 as a candidate gene for enhancing drought resistance in transgenic N. benthamiana and provide insight into the function of ZaBZRs in Z. armatum.
Subject(s)
Droughts , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins , Plants, Genetically Modified , Zanthoxylum , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Zanthoxylum/genetics , Zanthoxylum/physiology , Zanthoxylum/metabolism , Nicotiana/genetics , Nicotiana/physiology , Nicotiana/drug effects , Abscisic Acid/metabolism , Abscisic Acid/pharmacology , Multigene Family , Brassinosteroids/metabolism , Brassinosteroids/pharmacology , Transcription Factors/genetics , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Stress, Physiological/genetics , Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism , Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology , Drought ResistanceABSTRACT
Due to the broadband response and low selectivity of external light, negative photoconductivity (NPC) effect holds great potential applications in photoelectric devices. Herein, different photoresponsive carbon nanodots (CDs) are prepared from diverse precursors and the broadband response from the NPC CDs are utilized to achieve the optoelectronic logic gates and optical imaging for the first time. In detail, the mcu-CDs which are prepared by the microwave-assisted polymerization of citric acid and urea possess the large specific surface area and abundant hydrophilic groups as sites for the adsorption of H2O molecules and thereby present a high conductivity in dark. Meanwhile, the low affinity of mcu-CDs to H2O molecules permits the light-induced desorption of H2O molecules by heat effect and thus endow the mcu-CDs with a low conductivity under illumination. The easy absorption and desorption of H2O molecules contribute to the extraordinary NPC of mcu-CDs. With the broadband NPC response in CDs, the optoelectronic logic gates and flexible optical imaging system are established, achieving the applications of "NOR" or "NAND" logic operations and high-quality optical images. These findings unveil the unique optoelectronic properties of CDs, and have the potential to advance the applications of CDs in optoelectronic devices.
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The U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) have higher cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates and lower screening coverage compared with the United States. This is likely because of economic, geographical, health care delivery, and cultural barriers for women living in these resource-constrained, isolated regions. The most recent U.S. and World Health Organization cervical cancer screening guidelines recommended primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as one screening option or the preferred screening modality. Primary HPV screening-based strategies offer several advantages over current screening methods in the USAPI. However, adoption of this newer screening modality has been slow in the United States and not yet incorporated into USAPI screening programs. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and partners initiated the Pacific Against Cervical Cancer (PACe) project in 2019 to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of primary HPV testing-based strategies in Guam and in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia. This report provides an overview of the PACe project and outlines the approaches we took in implementing primary HPV testing as a new cervical cancer screening strategy (including the option of self-sampling in Yap), encompassing four core components: (1) community engagement and education, (2) medical and laboratory capacity building, (3) health information and system improvement, and (4) modeling and cost-effectiveness analysis. The PACe project provides examples of systematic implementation and resource appropriate technologies to the USAPI, with broader implications for never screened and under-screened populations in the United States and Pacific as they face similar barriers to accessing cervical cancer screening services.
Subject(s)
Capacity Building , Early Detection of Cancer , Mass Screening , Papillomavirus Infections , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Humans , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Female , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Pacific Islands , United States , Adult , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Guam , Vaginal SmearsABSTRACT
Cardio-oncology is a new field of interest in cardiology focusing on the detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmias, myocarditis, and heart failure, as side-effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The association between chemotherapeutic agents and arrhythmias has previously been established. Atrial tachyarrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation, are most common, but ventricular arrhythmias, including those related to treatment-induced QT prolongation, and bradyarrhythmias can also occur. However, the association between chemotherapeutic agents and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT)/atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) remains poorly understood. Here, we report a patient with new-onset AVRT/AVNRT and lung cancer who underwent chemotherapy. We considered that chemotherapy or cancer itself may have been a trigger for the initiation of paroxysmal AVRT/AVNRT, and that radiofrequency catheter ablation was effective in treating this type of tachycardia. Here, possible mechanisms and potential genes (mostly ion channels) involved in AVRT/AVNRT are summarized and the mechanisms underlying the possible regulatory patterns of cancer cells and chemotherapy on ion channels are reviewed. Finally, we considered that ion channel abnormalities may link cancer or chemotherapy to the onset of AVRT/AVNRT. The aim of the present study was to highlight the association between chemotherapeutic agents and AVRT/AVNRT and to provide new insights for future research. Understanding the intermediate mechanisms between chemotherapeutic agents and AVRT/AVNRT may be beneficial in preventing chemotherapy-evoked AVRT/AVNRT (and/or other arrhythmias) in future.
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INTRODUCTION: Over 30 million U.S. working adults use tobacco, and tobacco use varies by occupation. Limited information is available on employment characteristics and tobacco use prevalence. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of current tobacco use by employment characteristics and occupation group among U.S. working adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used 2021 National Health Interview Survey data for currently working adults (n=16,461) analyzed in 2023. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds of tobacco use by employment characteristics and occupation group. RESULTS: In 2021, 20.0% of working adults used tobacco. Any tobacco use was significantly lower among workers who were offered workplace health insurance (AOR=0.86, 95% CI=0.77-0.97), had paid sick leave (AOR=0.81, 95% CI=0.73-0.91), and government versus private employment (AOR=0.61, 95% CI=0.52-0.70). Any tobacco use was significantly higher among workers who usually worked ≥35 hours per week versus did not usually work ≥35 hours per week (AOR=1.21, 95% CI=1.06-1.39), worked a rotating or "some other" shift versus daytime shift (AOR=1.19, 95% CI=1.02-1.38), experienced schedule instability (AOR=1.17, 95% CI=1.03-1.31), and worked while physically ill in the past 3 months (AOR=1.25, 95% CI=1.11-1.41). Tobacco use by employment characteristics also varied by occupation group. CONCLUSIONS: Current tobacco use varied according to employment characteristics and occupation group. Findings from this study could inform workplace tobacco cessation interventions and policies (e.g., access to paid sick leave or insurance coverage) to better support tobacco cessation and overall worker health.
Subject(s)
Employment , Tobacco Use , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adult , Female , Male , United States , Middle Aged , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use/epidemiology , Young Adult , Prevalence , Adolescent , Sick Leave/statistics & numerical data , Health Surveys , Workplace/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Since the discovery of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), it has been found to play a critical role in reproduction in vertebrates. Recently, a regulatory role of GnIH in appetite and energy metabolism has emerged, although its precise physiological mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS: Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of a single or long-term intraperitoneal GnIH treatment on the food intake, weight, and glucolipid metabolism of chickens, as well as investigating the possible neuroendocrinology factors and mechanisms involved in GnIH-induced obesity and glucolipid metabolism disorder. RESULTS: Our results show that the intraperitoneal administration of GnIH to chickens resulted in a marked body mass increase, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance. Subsequently, the results of metabolomics studies and the pharmacological inhibition of the 5-HT2C receptor revealed that blocking the 5-HT2C receptor reinforced the effects of GnIH on food intake, body weight, and blood glucose and lipid levels, resulting in even worse cases of GnIH-induced hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic lipid deposition. This suggests that, via the 5-HT2C receptor, peripheral 5-HT may act as a negative feedback regulator to interplay with GnIH and jointly control energy balance homeostasis in chickens. DISCUSSION: Our present study provides evidence of cross-talk between GnIH and 5-HT in food intake and energy metabolism at the in vivo pharmacological level, and it proposes a molecular basis for these interactions, suggesting that functional interactions between GnIH and 5-HT may open new avenues for understanding the mechanism of the neuroendocrine network involved in appetite and energy metabolism, as well as providing a new therapeutic strategy to prevent obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders.
Subject(s)
Chickens , Energy Metabolism , Feeding Behavior , Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C , Serotonin , Animals , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism , Feeding Behavior/drug effects , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Hypothalamic Hormones/metabolism , Male , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Hyperlipidemias/metabolism , Hyperlipidemias/chemically inducedABSTRACT
DnaJs/Hsp40s/JPDs are obligate co-chaperones of heat shock proteins (Hsp70), performing crucial biological functions within organisms. A comparative genome analysis of four genomes (Vitis vinifera, Eucalyptus grandis, Lagerstroemia indica, and Punica granatum) revealed that the DnaJ gene family in L. indica has undergone expansion, although not to the extent observed in P. granatum. Inter-genome collinearity analysis of four plants indicates that members belonging to Class A and B are more conserved during evolution. In L. indica, the expanded members primarily belong to Class-C. Tissue expression patterns and the biochemical characterization of LiDnaJs further suggested that DnaJs may be involved in numerous biological processes in L. indica. Transcriptome and qPCR analyses of salt stressed leaves identified at least ten LiDnaJs that responded to salt stress. In summary, we have elucidated the expansion mechanism of the LiDnaJs, which is attributed to a recent whole-genome triplication. This research laid the foundation for functional analysis of LiDnaJs and provides gene resources for breeding salt-tolerant varieties of L. indica.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Lagerstroemia , Multigene Family , Plant Proteins , Salt Stress , Salt Stress/genetics , Lagerstroemia/genetics , Plant Proteins/genetics , Genome, Plant , HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Phylogeny , Genomics/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Lagerstroemia indica is a widely cultivated ornamental woody shrub/tree of the family Lythraceae that is used as a traditional medicinal plant in East Asia and Egypt. However, unlike other ornamental woody plants, its genome is not well-investigated, which hindered the discovery of the key genes that regulate important traits and the synthesis of bioactive compounds. RESULTS: In this study, the genomic sequences of L. indica were determined using several next-generation sequencing technologies. Altogether, 324.01 Mb sequences were assembled and 98.21% (318.21 Mb) of them were placed in 24 pseudo-chromosomes. The heterozygosity, repeated sequences, and GC residues occupied 1.65%, 29.17%, and 38.64% of the genome, respectively. In addition, 28,811 protein-coding gene models, 327 miRNAs, 552 tRNAs, 214 rRNAs, and 607 snRNAs were identified. The intra- and interspecies synteny and Ks analysis revealed that L. indica exhibits a hexaploidy. The co-expression profiles of the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid (PA) and flavonoid/anthocyanin (ABGs) pathways with the R2R3 MYB genes (137 members) showed that ten R2R3 MYB genes positively regulate flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthesis. The colors of flowers with white, purple (PB), and deep purplish pink (DPB) petals were found to be determined by the levels of delphinidin-based (Dp) derivatives. However, the substrate specificities of LiDFR and LiOMT probably resulted in the different compositions of flavonoid/anthocyanin. In L. indica, two LiTTG1s (LiTTG1-1 and LiTTG1-2) were found to be the homologs of AtTTG1 (WD40). LiTTG1-1 was found to repress anthocyanin biosynthesis using the tobacco transient transfection assay. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the ancestor L. indica experienced genome triplication approximately 38.5 million years ago and that LiTTG1-1 represses anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, several genes such as LiDFR, LiOMTs, and R2R3 LiMYBs are related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms and alleles responsible for flower color development.
Subject(s)
Lagerstroemia , Lagerstroemia/genetics , Anthocyanins , Gene Expression Profiling , Genomics , Flavonoids/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors associated with brain frailty and the effect of brain frailty in patients with anterior circulation large artery occlusion (AC-LAO). METHODS: 1100 patients with AC-LVO consecutively admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, North China between June 2016 and April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The variables associated with brain frailty and stroke outcome were analyzed by ANOVA analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test and multiple linear regression. Based on previous research. Brain frailty score comprises 1 point each for white matter hyperintensity (WMH), old infarction lesions, and cerebral atrophy among 983 participants with baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. RESULTS: Among AC-LAO participants, baseline brain frailty score ≥ 1 was common (750/983, 76.3%). Duration of hypertension > 5 years (mean difference [MD] 0.236, 95% CI 0.077, 0.395, p = 0.004), multiple vessel occlusion (MD 0.339, 95% CI 0.068, 0.611, p = 0.014) and basal ganglia infarction (MD -0.308, 95% CI -0.456, -0.160, p < 0.001) were independently associated with brain frailty score. Brain frailty score was independently associated with stroke events, and higher brain frailty scores were associated with higher rates of stroke events (p < 0.001). However, brain frailty has no independent effect on short-term outcome of ACI in AC-LAO patients. CONCLUSIONS: In AC-LAO patients, older age, duration of hypertension > 5 years, and multiple vessel occlusion influenced the brain frailty score. Brain frailty score was independently associated with the occurrence of stroke events in AC-LAO patients.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia , Frailty , Hypertension , Stroke , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Frailty/complications , Frailty/epidemiology , Stroke/complications , Stroke/epidemiology , Brain , Arteries , InfarctionABSTRACT
Semiconductor metal oxides (SMOs) nanomaterials are a category of sensing materials that are widely applied to chemiresistive NOx gas sensors. However, there is much space to improve the sensing performance of SMOs nanomaterials. Therefore, how to improve the sensing performance of SMOs nanomaterials for NOx gases has always attracted the interest of researchers. Up to now, there are few reviews focus on the modification strategies of SMOs which applied to NOx gas sensors. In order to compensate for the limitation, this review summarizes the existing modification strategies of SMOs, hoping to provide researchers a view of the research progress in this filed as comprehensive as possible. This review focuses on the progress of the modification of SMOs nanomaterials for chemiresistive NOx (NO, NO2) gas sensors, including the morphology modulation of SMOs, compositing SMOs, loading noble metals, doping metal ions, compositing with carbon nanomaterials, compositing with biomass template, and compositing with MXene, MOFs, conducting polymers. The mechanism of each strategy to enhance the NOx sensing performance of SMOs-based nanomaterials is also discussed and summarized. In addition, the limitations of some of the modification strategies and ways to address them are discussed. Finally, future perspectives for SMOs-based NOx gas sensors are also discussed.
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Background: Tubal sterilization is more commonly utilized by racial/ethnic minority groups and has been implicated in underscreening for cervical cancer. The objective is to determine if prior tubal sterilization is a risk factor for cervical cancer underscreening. Methods: National Survey of Family Growth dataset from 2015 to 2019 used for analysis; data were weighted to represent the 72 million women in the U.S. population aged 22-49. Chi-square tests, Fisher exact tests, and logistic regression were used for analysis. The primary predictor variable was tubal sterilization which was categorized into no previous sterilization, sterilization completed <5 years ago, and sterilization completed ≥5 years ago. The outcome variable was underscreened versus not underscreened. Other predictor variables included age, household income as a percent of federal poverty level, previous live birth, primary care provider, and insurance status. Results: Prevalence of tubal sterilization completed 5 or more years ago was 12.5% and varied by most measured characteristics in univariate analyses. Approximately 8% of women were underscreened for cervical cancer. In multivariable analyses, women with a tubal sterilization 5 or more years ago had 2.64 times the odds (95% confidence interval = 1.75-4.00) of being underscreened for cervical cancer compared with women who did not have a tubal sterilization. Conclusions: Approximately 4.3 million women ages 22-49 in the United States are potentially underscreened for cervical cancer and women with previous tubal ligation ≥5 years ago are more likely to be underscreened. These results may inform the need for culturally sensitive public health messages informing people who have had these procedures about the need for continued screening.
Subject(s)
Early Detection of Cancer , Sterilization, Tubal , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Sterilization, Tubal/statistics & numerical data , Adult , United States/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Risk Factors , Prevalence , Mass ScreeningABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomes (Exo) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) treated with Musk Ketone (Mus treated-Exo) in the development of IS injury. METHODS: BMSCs were pretreated with 10 µM Mus for 36 h, and Exo derived from these Mus-treated BMSCs (Mus-treated Exo) were extracted. Rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were administered either 2 mg/kg of control Exo (Ctrl-Exo), 2 mg/kg of Mus treated-Exo, or 10 µM Mus. Neurological deficit and cerebral infarction in the MCAO rats were assessed utilizing neurological scores and TTC staining. Neuronal apoptosis, activation of microglia/macrophages, and inflammation were evaluated through TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that Mus-treated Exo possessed a more pronounced neuroprotective effect on MCAO rats when compared to Ctrl-Exo and Mus treatment alone. Specifically, Mus treated-Exo effectively ameliorated neurological function, reduced the volume of cerebral infarction, and diminished hemispheric swelling in MCAO rats. Moreover, it inhibited neuronal apoptosis and activation of microglia/macrophages, promoted the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 while decreasing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, Cleaved-caspase 3, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and COX-2. CONCLUSIONS: The findings imply that Mus treated-Exo could confer neuroprotection in rats affected by IS, potentially by attenuating apoptosis and neuroinflammation. The underlying mechanisms, however, warrant further investigation. Mus treated-Exo shows potential as a new therapeutic strategy for IS.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Disease Models, Animal , Exosomes , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery , Ischemic Stroke , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Animals , Exosomes/transplantation , Exosomes/metabolism , Apoptosis/drug effects , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/therapy , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism , Male , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Ischemic Stroke/metabolism , Ischemic Stroke/physiopathology , Ischemic Stroke/therapy , Ischemic Stroke/pathology , Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy , Cells, Cultured , Microglia/drug effects , Microglia/pathology , Microglia/metabolism , Recovery of Function , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/pathology , Neurons/metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Brain/pathology , Brain/drug effects , Brain/metabolism , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Macrophage Activation/drug effectsABSTRACT
Large-scale and high-dimensional time series data are widely generated in modern applications such as intelligent transportation and environmental monitoring. However, such data contains much noise, outliers, and missing values due to interference during measurement or transmission. Directly forecasting such types of data (i.e., anomalous data) can be extremely challenging. The traditional method to deal with anomalies is to cut out the time series with anomalous value entries or replace the data. Both methods may lose important knowledge from the original data. In this paper, we propose a multidimensional time series forecasting framework that can better handle anomalous values: the robust temporal nonnegative matrix factorization forecasting model (RTNMFFM) for multi-dimensional time series. RTNMFFM integrates the autoregressive regularizer into nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) with the application of the L2,1 norm in NMF. This approach improves robustness and alleviates overfitting compared to standard methods. In addition, to improve the accuracy of model forecasts on severely missing data, we propose a periodic smoothing penalty that keeps the sparse time slices as close as possible to the time slice with high confidence. Finally, we train the model using the alternating gradient descent algorithm. Numerous experiments demonstrate that RTNMFFM provides better robustness and better prediction accuracy.
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INTRODUCTION: We report a rare case of moyamoya disease caused by an RNF213 mutation, complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus. CASE REPORT: A 32-year-old woman experienced 4 cerebral ischemia stroke events within 6 months. The main symptom was left limb weakness with blurred vision in the right eye. Results of digital subtraction angiography conducted at another hospital were consistent with moyamoya disease. On genetic testing, we found that the patient carried 2 mutations in the moyamoya disease-related gene RNF213 (p.R4810K, p.T1727M). On the basis of the laboratory immunologic indicators, such as positive antibodies and abnormal immunoglobulin levels and imaging examinations, the patient was finally diagnosed as moyamoya disease complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus. She was treated with aspirin, butylphthalide, urinary kallidinogenase, and sodium methylprednisolone. CONCLUSIONS: This was a 32-year-old young patient diagnosed with moyamoya disease carrying RNF213 gene mutation and accompanied by lupus with cerebral ischemic event as the first occurrence. The patient's condition was complex; therefore, comprehensive analysis and in-depth consideration were needed to avoid a missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. When the primary disease cannot be identified, genetic testing can help to clarify the diagnosis of moyamoya disease.
Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Moyamoya Disease , Stroke , Female , Humans , Adult , Moyamoya Disease/diagnosis , Moyamoya Disease/diagnostic imaging , Mutation/genetics , Cerebral Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Infarction/etiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective: Clinical characteristics and outcome in COVID-19 with brucellosis patients has not been well demonstrated, we tried to analyze clinical outcome in local and literature COVID-19 cases with brucellosis before and after recovery. Methods: We retrospectively collected hospitalization data of comorbid patients and prospectively followed up after discharge in Heilongjiang Infectious Disease Hospital from January 15, 2020 to April 29, 2022. Demographics, epidemiological, clinical symptoms, radiological and laboratory data, treatment medicines and outcomes, and follow up were analyzed, and findings of a systematic review were demonstrated. Results: A total of four COVID-19 with brucellosis patients were included. One patient had active brucellosis before covid and 3 patients had nonactive brucellosis before brucellosis. The median age was 54.5 years, and all were males (100.0%). Two cases (50.0%) were moderate, and one was mild and asymptomatic, respectively. Three cases (75.0%) had at least one comorbidity (brucellosis excluded). All 4 patients were found in COVID-19 nucleic acid screening. Case C and D had only headache and fever on admission, respectively. Four cases were treated with Traditional Chinese medicine, western medicines for three cases, no adverse reaction occurred during hospitalization. All patients were cured and discharged. Moreover, one case (25.0%) had still active brucellosis without re-positive COVID-19, and other three cases (75.0%) have no symptoms of discomfort except one case fell fatigue and anxious during the follow-up period after recovery. Conducting the literature review, two similar cases have been reported in two case reports, and were both recovered, whereas, no data of follow up after recovery. Conclusion: These cases indicate that COVID-19 patients with brucellosis had favorable outcome before and after recovery. More clinical studies should be conducted to confirm our findings.
Subject(s)
Brucellosis , COVID-19 , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Treatment Outcome , Case Reports as TopicABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of sub-satisfactory stenting recanalization of severe vascular stenosis of the posterior circulation on cerebral hemodynamic perfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with severe vascular stenosis of the posterior circulation who had undergone three-dimensional cerebral angiography before and after stenting were retrospectively enrolled. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of hemodynamic parameters at the stenosis, perforating branch, and normal arterial segments proximal and distal to the stenosis were performed. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients with basilar artery stenosis aged 60.9⯱â¯9.6â¯years were enrolled, and stent angioplasty resulted in the reduction of stenosis degree from 85.3⯱â¯7.2% before to 18.6⯱â¯6.4% after stenting. After stenting, at the proximal normal artery, the total pressures had significantly (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) decreased, whereas all the other parameters (WSS, cell Reynolds number, velocity, vorticity, turbulence intensity, turbulence kinetic energy and dissipation rate) had significantly (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) increased. At the stenosis, all hemodynamic parameters had significantly decreased. At the stenosis perforating branch, the WSS, cell Reynolds number, velocity, and vorticity were all significantly decreased, and the total pressure, turbulence intensity, kinetic energy, and dissipation rate were all significantly increased. At the distal normal artery, the total flow pressure (perfusion pressure) and velocity were both significantly (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) increased, and the total pressure, WSS, cell Reynolds number, vorticity, turbulence intensity, kinetic energy, and dissipation rate were all significantly (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) decreased. The hemodynamic parameters after stenting were closer to those after virtual stenosis repair at all measurements. CONCLUSION: Sub-satisfactory recanalization has significantly restored the stenosis and improved the hemodynamic parameters near the stenosis and at the root of the perforating branch, thus significantly improving the cerebral perfusion, similar to the changes of hemodynamic status and cerebral perfusion after virtual removal of the vascular stenosis. This may indicate the good effect of sub-satisfactory stenting recanalization of the vascular stenosis at the posterior circulation.
Subject(s)
Carotid Stenosis , Hemodynamics , Humans , Constriction, Pathologic/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Perfusion , StentsABSTRACT
When the driven stubble-breaking and anti-blocking no-till planter operates in the Southwest China, the stubble-breaking blades will impact with the ground as they cut through the soil and straw stubble, causing the planter to vibrate. This results in poor performances of the seed discharge by seed discharger and the seed guide by the seed guide tube. Based on the principle of spiral conveying, a soybean shaftless spiral seed discharge and seed delivery device was designed. The optimum seed filling size and speed range of the spiral blade were obtained by analyzing the size, force, and motion of soybean seeds of "ZhongHuang 37". The quadratic regression orthogonal rotation test and response surface method were used to analyze the operating parameters of the shaftless spiral seed discharge and seed delivery device by joint EDEM (Discrete Element Method)-RecurDyn simulation. The optimum parameters were obtained: the spacing of spiral was 11.4 mm, spiral outer radius was 5.5 mm, spiral inner radius was 2.9 mm and rotation speed was 10.4 r·s-1. Based on simulation and optimization results, the device was trialed and its field performance was tested. The results showed that at a surface slope of 16.1°, an average surface flatness of 8.9 cm, an average planter vibration frequency of 75.2 Hz, and an average amplitude of 7.2 mm, the average seeding qualification index, multiple index, missing seeding index, and damage index of the shaftless spiral seed discharge and seed delivery device were 92.6%, 5.03%, 2.4% and 0.92%, respectively, which were in line with the local agronomic requirements. The designed soybean shaftless spiral seed discharge and seed delivery device meets the requirements of the quality of no-till seeding and can provide a reference for the design and improvement of seed discharger and seed guide tube under poor ground leveling and long-distance seed delivery conditions.
Subject(s)
Glycine max , Seeds , Agriculture/methods , SoilABSTRACT
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), a common Phthalic acid ester (PAEs), has been reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Combined nutrient interventions have been shown to alleviate the diabetic toxicity of DEHP. However, the effects and mechanisms of the combined intervention of Astragalus and vitamins (C and E) are currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of DEHP-induced diabetes mellitus through transcriptome analysis and vitro experiments using rat insulinoma cells (INS-1 cells). Furthermore, we explored the protection of the combined Astragalus, vitamin C, and vitamin E on DEHP-induced diabetes mellitus through these mechanisms. INS-1 cells in the logarithmic growth period were exposed to 125 umol/L DEHP followed by high-throughput sequencing analysis. The cell proliferation inhibition rate was determined using MTT assay for each group, and the cell apoptosis rate and intracellular ROS level were measured using flow cytometer. Finally, insulin levels and markers of oxidative stress were detected using ELISA kits in different groups. A total of 372 differentially expressed genes were found between the 125 umol/L DEHP and control groups, subsequent functional enrichment analyses indicated that DEHP induced oxidative stress and disturbed insulin levels. In INS-1 cells, the rate of cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and the degree of oxidative stress increased concentration-dependently with increasing DEHP concentrations, while antioxidant intervention could reverse these changes. Insulin synthesis and secretion decreased after 240 µmol/L DEHP exposure stimulated by 25 mM glucose in INS-1 cells, also could antioxidant intervention alleviate these reductions. Based on these results, the underlying mechanism of DEHP impairing the function of INS-1 cells might be through apoptosis pathways induced by oxidative stress and direct reduction of insulin levels (both synthesis and secretion), while the optimal combination of Astragalus and vitamins (C and E) could exert an alleviating effect.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Diethylhexyl Phthalate , Insulinoma , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Rats , Animals , Vitamin E/pharmacology , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Insulin/metabolism , Diethylhexyl Phthalate/toxicity , Oxidative Stress , Vitamins/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Zero-index materials have emerged as a topic of significant scientific interest in recent years. In this Letter, we investigate the electromagnetic properties of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) gratings composed of materials with near-zero effective permittivity. Our study reveals that ENZ gratings exhibit a unique polarization selectivity that is opposite to that observed in perfect conductor gratings. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hybrid gratings combining perfect conductors and ENZ materials can block omnidirectional electromagnetic waves of any polarization. In addition, we propose a practical design of the ENZ and hybrid gratings based on dielectric ENZ MMs, exhibiting excellent polarization selectivity and blocking effect. Our research presents a promising approach for the flexible manipulation of polarizations using ENZ gratings.