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3.
Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 73(2): 29-34, abr.-jun. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588882

ABSTRACT

Se reporta el caso clínico de una niña de 2 años, quien posterior a picadura por escorpión en el brazo izquierdo, presentó náuseas, vómitos, sialorrea e hipertensión arterial, a pesar de la administración precoz de suero antiescorpiónico y captopril. Al día siguiente, debido a la emergencia hipertensiva, desarrolló varias crisis convulsivas tónicas generalizadas, refractarias a diazepam y controladas con difenilhidantoína en infusión por 24 horas; la emergencia hipertensiva se prolongó por 10 días y se trató con captopril, nifedipina y carvedilol por vía oral. Este cuadro clínico se acompañó con miocarditis, pancreatitis y una reacción adversa medicamentosa a la antivenina escorpiónica. Otros fármacos administrados fueron corticoesteroides, midazolam y fentanilo. La evolución fue satisfactoria y la niña fue egresada en buenas condiciones generales dos semanas después del ingreso. Este caso se muestra con características infrecuentes como la concomitancia de los patrones miocárdico y cardiovascular, la severidad del patrón vascular, la duración de la emergencia hipertensiva, la falta de efectividad de captopril y del suero antiescorpiónico y la reacción adversa a la antivenina.


We report the clinical case of a 2 year old girl, who developed nausea, vomiting, increased salivation and arterial hypertension, after ascorpion sting in her left arm, despite the early administration of scorpion antivenom and captopril. Next day, due to a hypertensive emergency, the patient developed generalized tonic seizures, refractory to diazepam, which were controlled with an infusion of dyphenilhydantoine for 24 hours. The hypertensive emergency extended for 10 days and was treated with oral captopril, nifedipine and carvedilol. This clinical picture was accompanied with myocarditis, pancreatitis and an adverse drug reaction to the anti venom. Other drugs administered were corticosteroids, midazolam and fentanyl. The Outcome was satisfactory and the girl was discharged in good general conditions, two weeks after admission. This case appears with uncommon features, such as the occurrence of myocardic and cardiovascular patterns, severity of vascular pattern, the duration of the hypertensive emergency, ineffectiveness of captopril and the scorpion antivenom, and the adverse reaction to antivenin.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Bites and Stings/etiology , Venoms/poisoning , Blood Pressure/immunology , Scorpions , Sialorrhea/diagnosis , Animals, Poisonous , Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage
4.
Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 72(2): 68-72, abr.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-589208

ABSTRACT

La N-acetilcisteina (NAC) es un fármaco con propiedades antidóticas útiles en la intoxicación por compuestos hepatotóxicos, como paraquat, acetaminofen y fósforo inorgánico. No se encuentra fácilmente disponible en Venezuela a pesar que la frecuencia y severidad de este tipo de intoxicación son significativas. Se discuten ciertas características fármacocinéticas y fármacodinámicas de la NAC y de la S-carboximetilcisteina (SCMC), presente en el mercado farmacéutico venezolano. Además se presenta una revisión de las experiencias clínicas y experimentales con la SCMC en intoxicaciones por compuestos hepatototóxicos.


N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a drug with antidotal properties useful in poisoning by hepatotoxic compounds such as paraquat, acetaminophen and inorganic phosphorus. Although the frequency and severity of this type of poisoning are significant, NAC is not readily available in Venezuela. Certain pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of NAC and S-carboxymetylcisteine (SCMC), available in venezuelan pharmaceutical market are discussed. In addition, a review of the clinical and experimental experiences with SCMC in poisoning for hepatotoxic compounds is presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use , Carbocysteine/therapeutic use , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/physiopathology , Paraquat/toxicity , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Antidotes/administration & dosage , Child Care , Liver , Medicamentous Disease
5.
Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 71(4): 140-144, oct.-dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-589235

ABSTRACT

El saltapericos es un juego pirotécnico a base de fósforo inorgánico, cuyo uso está prohibido porque causa daño hepático agudo. Se reporta un caso de intoxicación severa en una niña sobreviviente, quien ingirió una dosis potencialmente letal y recibió asistencia médica tardía. El protocolo terapéutico que se siguió en el presente caso clínico, permitió el logro de una evolución satisfactoria; este tratamiento consistió en descontaminación interna con agua oxigenada y aceite mineral, exsanguinotransfusión y fármacos hipoamonemizantes.


Saltapericos is a pyrotechnic firework containing inorganic phosphorus whose use is banned since causes acute liver damage. A case of severe poisoning is reported in a girl, who consumed a potentially lethal dose and received late medical care. The therapeutic protocol followed in the present clinical case led to a positive outcome; this treatment consisted of internal decontamination with hydrogen peroxide and mineral oil, exchange transfusion and hypoammonemic drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Dehydration/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Liver Failure, Acute/physiopathology , Phosphorus/poisoning , Vomiting/diagnosis , Child Care , Endosonography/methods , Hepatomegaly/etiology
6.
Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 70(3): 97-100, jul.-sept. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-589307

ABSTRACT

El incremento en la disponibilidad y uso de amitraz para el control de garrapatas en animales domésticos puede causar intoxicaciones accidentales en niños, con depresión severa del sistema nervioso central. Es necesario conocer el manejo correcto de esta intoxicación emergente. Reportamos los primeros casos de intoxicación aguda por amitraz en el estado Lara, en dos niñas quienes presentaron miosis pupilar y depresión del estado de conciencia. Una de ellas recibió varias dosis de atropina por los signos colinérgico similares, sin respuesta; posteriormente mejoró con el tratamiento de sostén. A la otra paciente se le administró precozmente naloxoma, observándose respuesta satisfactoria inmediata.


Increase of availability and use of amitraz for tick control in domestic animal, may cause accidental poisoning in children with severe CNS depression. It is necessary to know the right management of this emerging poisoning. We report the first cases of acute amitraz poisoning in Lara state, in two children who developed pupilar myosis and nervous central system depression. One of them received several doses of atropine for cholinergic-like signs, without response, but finally she improved with support therapy; to the other patient naloxona was administered early, being observed immediate satisfactory response.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Child , Accidents, Home , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Insecticides/administration & dosage , Insecticides/toxicity , Miosis/physiopathology , Atropine/pharmacology , Neurology , Sleep Stages , Tick Control
7.
Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 70(2): 69-72, abr.-jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-589220

ABSTRACT

La achicoria o chicoria es una planta medicinal cuya infusión es frecuentemente usada como un compuesto mucolítico en neonatos y lactantes. Se reportan doce casos con probable intoxicación por achicoria (Cichorium intybus), en los cuales fueron comunes signos clínicos opioide-similares como depresión del sistema nervioso central y respiratoria, pupilas puntiformes y estreñimiento. El tratamiento consistió en descontaminación interna, oxígeno por mascarilla, fluidoterapia IV y en seis casos con severa depresión respiratoria se administró naloxona IV. En todos los pacientes se observó una evolución clínica satisfactoria y fueron egresados uno o dos días después.


Chicory is a medicinal herb which infusion is usually used as a mucoactive compound in neonates and infants. Twelve cases with probable chicory poisoning (Cichorium intybus) are reported, in which were common opioid-like clinical signs as central nervous system and respiratory depression, pin-point pupils and constipation. Treatment consisted of internal decontamination, oxygen by mask, fluids IV and in six cases with respiratory depression severe naloxona IV was administered. In all patients a satisfactory clinical course was observed and they were discharged one or two day after.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cichorium intybus/toxicity , Pediatrics
8.
Vet Hum Toxicol ; 45(1): 45-6, 2003 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12583701

ABSTRACT

The herbicide paraquat is associated with a high mortality rate. It produces multiorgan damage through the induction of acute oxidative stress, by generation of reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. In addition to general supportive measures, the management of paraquat poisoning includes gastric washing, forced diuresis, haemodialysis and the use of antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine. However, this drug is rather unavailable in Venezuela and S-carboxymethylcysteine has been used. We report 35 patients with mild to severe paraquat poisoning, which beside standard supportive treatment received 1500 mg S-carboxymethylcysteine, up to 2-3 w. The mortality rate was 22.86% (8 deaths/35 cases) and was related to the severity of paraquat poisoning (as assessed by urine dithionite tests). We conclude that S-carboxymethylcysteine is a reliable alternative in managing patients with paraquat poisoning.


Subject(s)
Carbocysteine/therapeutic use , Expectorants/therapeutic use , Herbicides/poisoning , Paraquat/poisoning , Adult , Carbocysteine/administration & dosage , Expectorants/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Male , Medical Records , Poisoning/drug therapy , Poisoning/epidemiology , Poisoning/etiology , Poisoning/mortality , Poisoning/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Venezuela/epidemiology
9.
Vet Hum Toxicol ; 44(1): 40-1, 2002 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11824777

ABSTRACT

Since paraquat poisoning causes multiorgan damage through the generation of several redox products, the usual therapy includes antioxidative drugs, such as N-acetylcysteine. We investigated whether selected antioxidative drugs can improve survival from acute paraquat toxicity. Forty-eight male 2-3-mo-old Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups receiving paraquat dichloride in a single injection (11 mg/kg bw ip) I h before the administration of normal saline (control ip), S-carboxymethylcysteine (600 mg/kg bw po), propofol (100 mg/kg bw ip) or trimetazidine (10 mg/kg bw po). Animals were observed for 7 d. The median survival time in the control group was 3 d whereas it was 4 (p = 0.15), 4.5 (p < 0.05) or 5 (p < 0.05) d for the trimetazidine, S-carboxymethylcysteine or propofol-treated groups, respectively.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Herbicides/toxicity , Animals , Carbocysteine/therapeutic use , Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use , Male , Propofol/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Survival Rate , Trimetazidine/therapeutic use , Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use
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