ABSTRACT
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus distributed worldwide in domestic cats and with different outcomes (progressive, regressive, abortive, focal). The present study reports an epidemiological survey of FeLV frequency and the evaluation of some risk factors and the two main disease outcomes (progressive and regressive) in an urban cat population from Brazil. A total of 366 cats with sociodemographic information and p27 FeLV antigen test performed were included in the study. FeLV DNA (provirus) in the blood samples of all cats was detected via real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Plasma samples from 109 FeLV-positive and FeLV-negative cats were also submitted to reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) to determine the FeLV viral load. The results demonstrated that 112 (30.6%) cats were positive through the p27 antigen and/or qPCR. A risk factor analysis demonstrated that cats without vaccination against FeLV (OR 9.9, p < 0.001), clinically ill (OR 2.9, p < 0.001), with outdoors access (OR 2.7, p < 0.001), and exhibiting apathetic behavior (OR 3.1, p < 0.001) were more likely to be infected with FeLV. FeLV-infected cats were also more likely to present with anemia (OR 13, p < 0.001) and lymphoma (OR 13.7, p = 0.001). A comparative analysis of the different detection methods in a subset of 109 animals confirmed FeLV infection in 58 cats, including 38 (65.5%) with progressive, 16 (27.6%) with regressive, and 4 (6.9%) with probably focal outcome diseases. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a high prevalence of FeLV in this urban cat population from Brazil and highlights the need to establish more effective prevention strategies (such as viral testing, vaccination programs, specific care for FeLV-positive cats) to reduce diseases associated with this virus in Brazil.
ABSTRACT
Background: Localized Scleroderma (morphea-like) is a rare disease in dogs and extremely rare in cats and it is an uncommon chronic connective tissue disease. There are only two reported cases of cats, dating from 1998 and 2012 and the cause is unknown. The clinical progression of the disease is unpredictable, but usually features moderate and self-limiting course. In the previously reported cases of cats, there was a clinical cure. The objective of this case report is to describe a case of Localized Scleroderma (morphea-like) in a cat that had historical and clinical progression of the disease in a distinct way from the two previously reported cases mentioned. Case: A 4 years old male cat, neutered, which belongs to the Persian breed, was presented with a history of chronic pruritus and alopecic lesions, without involving other organs. The lesions appeared with no history of trauma neither medications applied. Several treatments have been performed, but the only response found was a clinical improvement of pruritus. The presence of bruises and sores on the skin has never been observed, even before any treatment. Three lesions were observed in a specific clinical examination and they were all with the same pattern: the lesions were circular, irregular, alopecic, with peripheral halo slightly hyperemic and raised, and the lesion center with smooth, thin, opaque white skin...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cats , Scleroderma, Localized/veterinary , Pruritus/veterinary , Alopecia/veterinary , Collagen Diseases/veterinaryABSTRACT
Background: Localized Scleroderma (morphea-like) is a rare disease in dogs and extremely rare in cats and it is an uncommon chronic connective tissue disease. There are only two reported cases of cats, dating from 1998 and 2012 and the cause is unknown. The clinical progression of the disease is unpredictable, but usually features moderate and self-limiting course. In the previously reported cases of cats, there was a clinical cure. The objective of this case report is to describe a case of Localized Scleroderma (morphea-like) in a cat that had historical and clinical progression of the disease in a distinct way from the two previously reported cases mentioned. Case: A 4 years old male cat, neutered, which belongs to the Persian breed, was presented with a history of chronic pruritus and alopecic lesions, without involving other organs. The lesions appeared with no history of trauma neither medications applied. Several treatments have been performed, but the only response found was a clinical improvement of pruritus. The presence of bruises and sores on the skin has never been observed, even before any treatment. Three lesions were observed in a specific clinical examination and they were all with the same pattern: the lesions were circular, irregular, alopecic, with peripheral halo slightly hyperemic and raised, and the lesion center with smooth, thin, opaque white skin...
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cats , Alopecia/veterinary , Scleroderma, Localized/veterinary , Pruritus/veterinary , Collagen Diseases/veterinaryABSTRACT
A ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) é uma enfermidade comum em pequenos animais, prin¬cipalmente em cães. Resulta da deficiência na produção da porção aquosa da lágrima. Há muitas etiologias, incluindo doença imunomediada, doenças sistêmicas, terapia sistêmica com sulfas, uso prolongado de colírio de atropina, remoção da glândula da terceira pálpebra, entre outras. Freqüentemente se observa ressecamento da córnea, hiperemia conjuntival, desconforto ocular, secreção ocular mucóide ou mucopurulenta e ceratite com neovascularização. Pigmentação da córnea e perda da visão também pode ocorrer. O diagnóstico da CCS baseia-se principalmente nos sinais clínicos e na realização do teste da lágrima de Schirmer. O tratamento da CCS normalmente é medicamentoso e baseado na administração de substitutos da lágrima, antibióti¬cos, agentes mucolíticos e lacrimogênicos. Este trabalho é uma revisão de literatura sobre CCS, incluindo etiologia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico desta afecção
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a disease frequently diagnosed in dogs and is caused by inadequate production of the aqueous portion of the tears. KCS has a number of reported causes. These include immune-mediated diseases, systemic illness, secondary to systemic therapy with sulfas or topical atropine, removal of the third eyelid gland. Clinical signs of KCS are variable, and can include dry cornea, conjunctival hyperemia, blepharospasm, mucoid to mucopurulent ocular discharge and keratitis with neovascularization. Loss of sight due to progressive corneal pigmentation is also possible. Diagnosis of KCS is based on the clinical signs and results of the Schirmer tear test. KCS is most often treated medically. Usually tear replacement, topical antibiotic, mucolytic preparations and tear stimulators are used. This paper is a study about KCS, based in literature review, including etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, options of treatment and prognosis of this affection.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Keratoconjunctivitis SiccaABSTRACT
A ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) é uma enfermidade comum em pequenos animais, prin¬cipalmente em cães. Resulta da deficiência na produção da porção aquosa da lágrima. Há muitas etiologias, incluindo doença imunomediada, doenças sistêmicas, terapia sistêmica com sulfas, uso prolongado de colírio de atropina, remoção da glândula da terceira pálpebra, entre outras. Freqüentemente se observa ressecamento da córnea, hiperemia conjuntival, desconforto ocular, secreção ocular mucóide ou mucopurulenta e ceratite com neovascularização. Pigmentação da córnea e perda da visão também pode ocorrer. O diagnóstico da CCS baseia-se principalmente nos sinais clínicos e na realização do teste da lágrima de Schirmer. O tratamento da CCS normalmente é medicamentoso e baseado na administração de substitutos da lágrima, antibióti¬cos, agentes mucolíticos e lacrimogênicos. Este trabalho é uma revisão de literatura sobre CCS, incluindo etiologia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico desta afecção(AU)
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a disease frequently diagnosed in dogs and is caused by inadequate production of the aqueous portion of the tears. KCS has a number of reported causes. These include immune-mediated diseases, systemic illness, secondary to systemic therapy with sulfas or topical atropine, removal of the third eyelid gland. Clinical signs of KCS are variable, and can include dry cornea, conjunctival hyperemia, blepharospasm, mucoid to mucopurulent ocular discharge and keratitis with neovascularization. Loss of sight due to progressive corneal pigmentation is also possible. Diagnosis of KCS is based on the clinical signs and results of the Schirmer tear test. KCS is most often treated medically. Usually tear replacement, topical antibiotic, mucolytic preparations and tear stimulators are used. This paper is a study about KCS, based in literature review, including etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, options of treatment and prognosis of this affection.