Evaluation of Microtensile Bond Strength between SMART Technique and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement-treated Carious Primary Dentin.

Background: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution has been used clinically to prevent and arrest dental caries. To evaluate the microtensile bond strength between silver-modified atraumatic restorative technique (SMART) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) applied to carious primary teeth and also the mode of restoration failure. Materials and methods: A total of 40 carious primary molars were equally allocated into test and control groups after sectioning through the middle of the carious lesion. The test specimens were treated with one drop of 38% SDF and the control with deionized water. The samples were stored in artificial saliva for 14 days at 37° C and the dentin surfaces were conditioned and restored with Fuji IX GP Extra. After 24 hours storage in artificial saliva, the specimens were prepared for testing of microtensile bond strength. Paired t-test was used to compare the mean bond strengths. The mode of failure was assessed with a stereomicroscope under 40× magnification. Results: The mean microtensile strength for the test group was 7.39 MPa [standard deviation (SD ± 2.3)] and 7.20 MPa (SD ± 1.98) for the control group (p > 0.05). The most common mode of failure was the mixed failure mode in both groups. Conclusion: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) does not adversely affect the bond strength between GIC applied to carious dentin. How to cite this article: Velagala D, Reddy A, Reddy VN, et al. Evaluation of Microtensile Bond Strength between SMART Technique and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement-treated Carious Primary Dentin. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):582-586.

Facile Manufacture of Oxide-Free Cu Particles Coated with Oleic Acid by Electrical Discharge Machining.

Particle synthesis has seen significant advances in current trends. However, the synthesis of metal particles without oxidation is a challenge for researchers. The current study presents a straightforward, convenient, and convincing approach for manufacturing copper (Cu) particles free of surface oxide. The die-sink Electrical Discharge Machine (EDM) of copper alloys with oleic acid resulted in the formation of Cu particles with diameters between 10 to 20 µm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for particle examination after cleaning and sonication with distilled water. Cu particles with oleic acid coating retained a Cu phase without oxidation after synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the size and morphology of generated particles. Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) analysis revealed the oleic acid-coated Cu surface bonded with an oxygen atom. Also, the agglomeration and change of size involving Cu particles with increasing voltages in the pulse supply in EDM were reported.

Pars plana Aurolab aqueous drainage implantation for refractory glaucoma: Outcome of a new modified technique.

PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of pars plana insertion of Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI) in adults with refractory glaucoma by the novel technique of making scleral tunnel instead of patch graft to cover the tube to prevent its migration. METHODS: A retrospective study was done between April 2016 and April 2018 on patients with ≥12 months of follow-up. The main outcome measure was a surgical failure at 12 months. The failure was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) >18 mmHg or IOP ≤5 mmHg on two consecutive follow-up visits after 3 months, reoperation for glaucoma, loss of light perception vision, or implant explantation. Alternate definitions of failure including IOP >21 and IOP >15 mmHg were also considered. RESULTS: : The study included 32 eyes of 32 patients. The mean age was 46.2 ± 17.5 years. The most common etiology is traumatic glaucoma (12 eyes, 37.5%). The mean preoperative IOP and anti-glaucoma medications were 43.3 ± 10.3 and 3.4 ± 0.5 mmHg, respectively; both the parameters at the final follow-up were reduced to 15.2 ± 8.1 and 1.6 ± 0.5 mmHg. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates demonstrated that the cumulative probability of failure was 15.6% (95% CI; 6.8-33.5%) at 3 months, 18.7% (95% CI; 8.9-37.0%) at 6 months, and 25.0% (95% CI; 13.4-43.8%) at 12 months. CONCLUSION: Pars plana AADI implantation with a newer modification technique is a useful procedure in reducing IOP and the number of anti-glaucoma medications in the eyes with refractory glaucoma. The visual acuity may be stabilized with the concurrent treatment of posterior segment pathology.

A Comparative Study of Salivary Flow Rate, pH, Buffer Capacity, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Ferritin Levels in Children with Beta Thalassemia Major and Healthy Children.

INTRODUCTION: Thalassemia is a genetically diverse group of disease which occurs due to an imbalance in the production of the alpha and beta chains with ensuring chronic hemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis, and iron overload. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The main aim of the study is to compare the salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, total antioxidant capacity, and ferritin levels in children with beta thalassemia major and healthy children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study includes 40 children consisting of 20 beta thalassemia major and 20 healthy children. Unstimulated saliva was collected by the spitting method. The salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, total antioxidant capacity, and ferritin levels were evaluated. RESULTS: Salivary ferritin levels were found to be higher in children with beta thalassemia major. CONCLUSION: Iron overload is also known as hemochromatosis which is one of the complications of thalassemia. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Rao GV, Preethi V, Daneswari V, et al. A Comparative Study of Salivary Flow Rate, pH, Buffer Capacity, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Ferritin Levels in Children with Beta Thalassemia Major and Healthy Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(3):342-348.

Reducing healthcare-associated infections by improving compliance to aseptic non-touch technique in intravenous line maintenance: a quality improvement approach.

BACKGROUND: Lack of standardisation and failure to maintain aseptic techniques during procedures contributes to healthcare-associated infections (HCAI). Although numerous procedures are performed in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), handling peripheral intravenous lines is one of the simple and common procedures performed daily. Despite evidence-based care bundle approach variability is higher, and compliance to asepsis is less in routine clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to standardise and improve compliance with Aseptic non-technique (ANTT) in intravenous line maintenance of neonates admitted to NICU to reduce HCAI by 50% over 6 months. METHODS: All nurses were subjects of assessment for compliance with intravenous line maintenance. All admitted neonates with intravenous lines were subjects for the HCAI data collection. At baseline, the current practices for intravenous line maintenance were observed on a generic ANTT audit proforma. Pictorial standard operating procedure (SOP) was developed based on ANTT. Implementation and sustenance were ensured by Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. Audit data on compliance to ANTT and trends of HCAI rates were displayed using run charts monthly. Qualitative experience from the nursing staff was also recorded. RESULTS: Significant improvement was seen in compliance to various components-use of the aseptic field (0% to 100%), closed ports (0% to 100%), key part contamination reduction (80% to 0%), and intravenous hub scrubbing (0% to 72%). SOP of intravenous line maintenance based on ANTT could be implemented and sustained throughout for 9 months. There was a reduction of HCAI from 26 per 1000 patient days to 8 per 1000 patient days. Qualitative experience showed the main determinant of compliance to scrub the hub was the neonate's sickness level. CONCLUSIONS: Using a quality improvement model of improvement, ANTT in intravenous line maintenance was implemented stepwise. Improving compliance with ANTT principles in intravenous line maintenance reduced HCAI. Scrub the hub requires longer sustained efforts to become part of the practice.

Novel Self-Directing Single-Polymer Jet Developing Layered-Like 3D Buckled Microfibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications.

Electrospinning is a promising technique for the fabrication of bioscaffolds in tissue engineering applications. Pertaining issues of multiple polymer jets and bending instabilities result in random paths which lend poor controllability over scaffolds morphology for affecting the porosity and mechanical stability. The present study alleviates these challenges by demonstrating a novel self-directing single jet taking a specifically patterned path to deposit fibers into circular and uniform scaffolds without tuning any externally controlled parameters. High-speed camera observation revealed that the charge retention and dissipation on the collected fibers caused rapid autojet switching between the two jetting modes, namely, a microcantilever-like armed jet motion and a whipping motion, which sequentially expand the area and thickness of the scaffolds, respectively, in a layered-like fashion. The physical properties showed that the self-switching dual-jet modes generated multilayered microfibrous scaffolds (MFSs) with dual morphologies and varied fiber packing density, thereby establishing the gradient porosity and mechanical strength (through buckled fibers) in the scaffolds. In vitro studies showed that as-spun scaffolds are cell-permeable hierarchical 3D microporous structures enabling lateral cell seeding into multiple layers. The cell proliferation on days 6 and 9 increased 21% and 38% correspondingly on MFSs than on nanofibrous scaffolds (NFSs) done by conventional multijets electrospinning. Remarkably, this novel and single-step process is highly reproducible and tunable for developing fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Current trends in polymer microneedle for transdermal drug delivery.

Transdermal drug delivery using microneedles is increasingly gaining interest due to the issues associated with oral drug delivery routes. Gastrointestinal route exposes the drug to acid and enzymes present in the stomach, leading to denaturation of the compound and resulting in poor bioavailability. Microneedle transdermal drug delivery addresses the problems linked to oral delivery and to relieves the discomfort of patients associated with injections to increase patient compliance. Microneedles can be broadly classified into five types: solid microneedles, coated microneedles, dissolving microneedles, hollow microneedles, and hydrogel-forming microneedles. The materials used for the preparation of microneedles dictate the different applications and features present in the microneedle. Polymeric microneedle arrays present an improved method for transdermal administration of drugs as they penetrate the skin stratum corneum barrier with minimal invasiveness. The review summarizes the importance of polymeric microneedle and discussed some of the most important therapeutic drugs in research, mainly protein drugs, vaccines and small molecule drugs in regenerative medicine.

Enamel Erosion: A Possible Preventive Approach by Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate-An In Vitro Study.

CONTEXT: Several efforts were made in order to alter the compositions of acidic food items concerning their properties to be able to reduce their erosivity potential. The addition of combinations of calcium and phosphate salts to these food products has grabbed great interest. AIM: In vitro evaluation of the effect of the addition of 0.2% w/v casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) to four commonly available beverages (of which two were carbonated) on enamel erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sound-extracted human third molar teeth were taken, and enamel sections (n = 270) were made and polished. Acid-resistant nail varnish was painted to create an exposed enamel window of 1 mm2, followed by testing of the four soft drinks and distilled deionized water (DDW). Every drink was evaluated with and without the addition of 0.2% w/v CPP-ACP. The enamel specimens were kept in 50 mL solution at 37°C for 30 minutes, rinsed, and then varnish was removed. All samples were then profiled using white-light profilometer, and erosive depths were recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way analysis of variance test and post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS: Enamel erosion was created by all the soft drinks tested, but the addition of 0.2% w/v CPP-ACP has remarkably reduced (p value < 0.05) erosive depths in all test solutions compared to solutions without CPP-ACP. The erosive depths for solutions with DDW did not vary much from those with 0.2% CPP-ACP. CONCLUSION: Addition of 0.2% w/v CPP-ACP to the soft drinks has remarkably reduced their erosivity potential. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Velagala D, Reddy VN, Achanta A, et al. Enamel Erosion: A Possible Preventive Approach by Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate-An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(5):486-492.

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/fibrinogen/bredigite nanofibrous membranes and their integration with osteoblasts for guided bone regeneration.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been established to be an effective method for the repair of defective tissues, which is based on isolating bone defects with a barrier membrane for faster tissue reconstruction. The aim of the present study is to develop poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/fibrinogen (FG)/bredigite (BR) membranes with applicability in GBR. BR nanoparticles were synthesized through a sol-gel method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer. PHBV, PHBV/FG, and PHBV/FG/BR membranes were fabricated using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, pore size, thermogravimetric analysis and tensile strength. The electrospun PHBV, PHBV/FG, and PHBV/FG/BR nanofibers were successfully obtained with the mean diameter ranging 240-410 nm. The results showed that Young's modulus and ultimate strength of the PHBV membrane reduced upon blending with FG and increased by further incorporation of BR nanoparticles, Moreover hydrophilicity of the PHBV membrane improved on addition of FG and BR. The in vitro degradation assay demonstrated that incorporation of FG and BR into PHBV matrix increased its hydrolytic degradation. Cell-membrane interactions were studied by culturing human fetal osteoblast cells on the fabricated membrane. According to the obtained results, osteoblasts seeded on PHBV/FG/BR displayed higher cell adhesion and proliferation compared to PHBV and PHBV/FG membrane. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red-s staining indicated enhanced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of cells on PHBV/FG/BR membranes. The results demonstrated that developed electrospun PHBV/FG/BR nanofibrous mats have desired potential as a barrier membrane for guided bone tissue engineering. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1154-1165, 2019.

GPTMS-Modified Bredigite/PHBV Nanofibrous Bone Scaffolds with Enhanced Mechanical and Biological Properties.

Bioceramic nanoparticles with high specific surface area often tend to agglomerate in the polymer matrix, which results in undesirable mechanical properties of the composites and poor cell spreading and attachment. In the present work, bredigite (BR) nanoparticles were modified with an organosilane coupling agent, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), to enhance its dispersibility in the polymer matrix. The polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvaletare (PHBV) nanofibrous scaffolds containing either bredigite or GPTMS-modified bredigite (G-BR) nanoparticles were fabricated using electrospinning technique and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and tensile strength. Results demonstrated that modification of bredigite was effective in enhancing nanoparticle dispersion in the PHBV matrix. PHBV/G-BR scaffold showed improved mechanical properties compared to PHBV and PHBV/BR, especially at the higher concentration of nanoparticles. In vitro bioactivity assay performed in the simulated body fluid (SBF) indicated that composite PHBV scaffolds were able to induce the formation of apatite deposits after incubation in SBF. From the results of in vitro biological assay, it is concluded that the synergetic effect of BR and GPTMS provided an enhanced hFob cells attachment and proliferation. The developed PHBV/G-BR nanofibrous scaffolds may be considered for application in bone tissue engineering.

Functionalized core/shell nanofibers for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for vascular tissue engineering.

AIM: Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease causing medical problems globally leading to coronary artery bypass surgery. The present study is to fabricate core/shell nanofibers to encapsulate VEGF for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into smooth muscle cells to develop vascular grafts. MATERIALS & METHODS: The fabricated core/shell nanofibers contained polycaprolactone/gelatin as the shell, and silk fibroin/VEGF as the core materials. RESULTS: The results observed that the core/shell nanofibers interact to differentiate MSCs into smooth muscle cells by the expression of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contractile proteins α-actinin, myosin and F-actin. CONCLUSION: The functionalized polycaprolactone/gelatin/silk fibroin/VEGF (250 ng) core/shell nanofibers were fabricated for the controlled release of VEGF in a persistent manner for the differentiation of MSCs into smooth muscle cells for vascular tissue engineering.

A Case of Tracheobronchomalacia Mimicking Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary embolism is a common acute postoperative complication and is associated with 100,000 deaths per year in the USA. Tracheobronchomalacia is an uncommon condition, which presents with similar symptoms to pulmonary embolism, including hypoxemia, tachycardia, and shortness of breath. We describe a case of a patient who presented with postoperative pulmonary symptoms that were initially thought to be due to pulmonary embolism. However, following imaging investigations these symptoms were found to be due to tracheobronchomalacia. CASE REPORT A 73-year-old woman underwent elective ventral hernia repair and takedown of a Hartmann's pouch. On the ninth postoperative day, she developed symptoms of acute respiratory distress and was admitted to the surgical intensive care unit. Respiratory function tests and blood gas evaluation showed that her alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-a gradient) and modified Wells' score were suggestive of a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the lungs was negative for pulmonary embolism but demonstrated findings suggestive of tracheobronchomalacia. CONCLUSIONS Tracheobronchomalacia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypoxia when evaluating a patient in the ICU.

Highly Stable Bonding of Thiol Monolayers to Hydrogen-Terminated Si via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Toward a Super Hydrophobic and Bioresistant Surface.

Oxide-free silicon chemistry has been widely studied using wet-chemistry methods, but for emerging applications such as molecular electronics on silicon, nanowire-based sensors, and biochips, these methods may not be suitable as they can give rise to defects due to surface contamination, residual solvents, which in turn can affect the grafted monolayer devices for practical applications. Therefore, there is a need for a cleaner, reproducible, scalable, and environmentally benign monolayer grafting process. In this work, monolayers of alkylthiols were deposited on oxide-free semiconductor surfaces using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) as a carrier fluid owing to its favorable physical properties. The identity of grafted monolayers was monitored with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HRXPS), XPS, atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements, and ellipsometry. Monolayers on oxide-free silicon were able to passivate the surface for more than 50 days (10 times than the conventional methods) without any oxide formation in ambient atmosphere. Application of the SCCO2 process was further extended by depositing alkylthiol monolayers on fragile and brittle 1D silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and 2D germanium substrates. With the recent interest in SiNWs for biological applications, the thiol-passivated oxide-free silicon nanowire surfaces were also studied for their biological response. Alkylthiol-functionalized SiNWs showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation owing to their superhydrophobicity combined with the rough surface morphology. Furthermore, tribological studies showed a sharp decrease in the coefficient of friction, which was found to be dependent on the alkyl chain length and surface bond. These studies can be used for the development of cost-effective and highly stable monolayers for practical applications such as solar cells, biosensors, molecular electronics, micro- and nano- electromechanical systems, antifouling agents, and drug delivery.

An in vitro evaluation of the demineralization inhibitory effect of F(-) varnish and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on enamel in young permanent teeth.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the demineralization inhibitory potential of fluoride varnish and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and to compare and evaluate the additive effect of fluoride varnish + CPP-ACP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy premolar teeth that were extracted for orthodontic purposes were collected, and each tooth was longitudinally sectioned buccolingually and mesiodistally into four sections. The teeth were then assigned to four different treatment groups namely fluoride varnish, CPP-ACP, F(-) varnish followed by CPP-ACP and control. The prepared enamel samples were suspended in an artificial caries challenge for 10 days. The demineralizing inhibitory effects of the groups were recorded using polarized light microscopy. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was carried out using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests. RESULTS: The mean lesion depths of all the groups were Group 1 (fluoride varnish): 104.71, Group 2 (CPP-ACP): 127.09, Group 3: (F(-) varnish + CPP-ACP): 82.34, Group 4 (control): 146.93. CONCLUSION: Demineralization inhibitory potential on the additive use of F(-) varnish and casein phosphopeptide was superior to fluoride varnish or CPP-ACP applied alone on the enamel of young permanent teeth.

Evaluation of sealing ability two self-etching adhesive systems and a glass ionomer lining LC under composite restoration in primary tooth: An in vitro study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sealing ability of two self-etching adhesive systems and glass ionomer cement (GIC) lining Light cure (LC) under composite restorations in primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V cavities are prepared on the cervical third of the facial and lingual surfaces of primary molars. The specimens are then assigned into four experimental groups. The restored primary molars are stored in distilled water and subjected to thermocycling. Each section was examined using a stereomicroscope to assess dye penetration at the margin of the restoration and evaluated via pictures. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The degree of microleakage was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and the intergroup significance by multiple comparison analysis. RESULTS: The mean rank of the groups are Group I (Adper Prompt™ + Z-100) 19.44, Group II (UniFil BOND + Solare) 5.38, Group III (GIC lining LC + Z-100) 20.06, and Group IV (GIC lining LC + Solare) 21.13 with the P < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Composite resin restorations bonded with two-step self-etching adhesive system (UniFil Bond) exhibited lesser microleakage than one-step self-etching adhesive system (Adperprompt™) in primary teeth.

HIV/AIDS knowledge and its implications on dentists.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of dentists regarding human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A structured questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge, fears, and attitudes was self administered to 102 dentists. The data was then evaluated using Chi-square test and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that dentists in private practice and affiliated with teaching institutions, had better knowledge than their counterparts who were into private practice alone. It was concluded that despite good knowledge many of the dentists expressed some hesitation in treating patients with HIV/AIDS.

Needle safety awareness among dental nurses.

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of needlestick injury (NSI) and the awareness and attitudes of dental nurses in Cuddalore district, India, toward needle safety. Responses were gathered from 102 dental nurses via a questionnaire that included demographic data, the prevalence of NSIs in the past 6 months, their causes, responses of dental nurses to such injuries, and dental nurses' awareness of injection safety practices. Altogether, 33.3% (n = 34 of 102) of the respondents had sustained at least one NSI in the past 6 months. The knowledge of nurses who had not sustained a NSI was only marginally better than those nurses who had experienced a NSI in the past 6 months and the overall awareness and attitudes of the study population toward needle safety was poor.

Prevalence of Gingivitis among Children of Urban and Rural Areas of Bhopal District, India.

BACKGROUND: Gingivitis is inflammation of the soft tissue without apical migration of the junctional epithelium. Redness, oedema and bleeding on probing characterize this condition. Untreated cases may lead to a more complex and destructive entity known as chronic periodontitis. Periodontitis are the main cause of tooth loss. Poor oral health has thus the potential of hampering the quality of life. So the aim of this study was to find the prevalence of gingivitis, among school-going children of urban and rural areas of Bhopal district, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 12 & 15 y old middle and high school government rural and urban school children of Bhopal district. It was conducted of a period of two months. 1100 Children were examined by using WHO (modified) oral health assessment form, Loe and Silness index was used for recording gingival status. For statistical analysis SPSS version 20 was used. The chi-square test was applied for categorical data. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Prevalence of gingivitis was 59% found. 584 (53.09 %) children had mild gingivitis,61(5.5%) children had moderate gingivitis. CONCLUSION: This indicates the need for community health activities and awareness program.

Precipitation of hydroxyapatite on electrospun polycaprolactone/aloe vera/silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Advances in electrospun nanofibres with bioactive materials have enhanced the scope of fabricating biomimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering. The present research focuses on fabrication of polycaprolactone/aloe vera/silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds by electrospinning followed by hydroxyapatite deposition by calcium-phosphate dipping method for bone tissue engineering. Morphology, composition, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone/aloe vera/silk fibroin-hydroxyapatite nanofibrous scaffolds along with controls polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/aloe vera/silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle and tensile tests, respectively. Adipose-derived stem cells cultured on polycaprolactone/aloe vera/silk fibroin-hydroxyapatite nanofibrous scaffolds displayed highest cell proliferation, increased osteogenic markers expression (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin), osteogenic differentiation and increased mineralization in comparison with polycaprolactone control. The obtained results indicate that polycaprolactone/aloe vera/silk fibroin-hydroxyapatite nanofibrous scaffolds have appropriate physico-chemical and biological properties to be used as biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.