[The role of polypeptide compounds in mechanism of CNS plasticity in patients with hereditary pathology of peripheral motor neuron]. / Rol' rostovykh polipeptidnykh soedinenii v mekhanizme plastichnosti TsNS u bol'nykh nasledstvennoi patologiei perifericheskogo dvigatel'nogo neirona.

Synaptic pruning is a physiological mechanism of neuroplasticity, which is regulated through synthesis of growth polypeptides, neurotrophins. The role of neurotrophins in the mechanism of synaptic pruning in patients with hereditary pathology of peripheral motor neuron was studied in a clinical experimental trial. It was found that patients had elevated levels of regulatory growth polypeptides, which led to the axon growth inhibition effect in organotypic tissue cultures. Thus, neurotrophin overexpression can be considered as a factor preventing synaptic pruning and contributing to further process of neurological degeneration in nerve tissue in patients with hereditary pathology of peripheral motor neuron.

[Pathogenesis of cognitive disorders in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. / Patogenez kognitivnykh rasstroistv pri myshechnoi distrofii Diushenna.

AIM: Clarification of the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the clinical laboratory and molecular genetic study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six male patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), aged from 5 to 22 years (mean age 13.7 years), were examined. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people (7-22 years old, mean age 13.8). The clinical, molecular-genetic and laboratory study was conducted. The search for mutations in the dystrophin gene was carried out using multiplex PCR and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The laboratory study included determination of neurotrophins: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) using immunoenzyme method in serum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Severe cognitive impairment was found in 33% of patients with DMD. The distribution of mutations in the DMD gene was not uniform, most often the mutations were found in the region from exon 43 to exon 50. Serum concentration of NGF in patients with DMD was higher than in the control group (2391 pg/ml [1587; 4136] and 553 pg / ml [314; 864], respectively (p<0.001)). In the group of patients with cognitive disorders, there was a decreased concentration of BGF (23 670 [21 700; 30 720] pg/ml (p<0.001)). In patients with BGF concentration less than 31 000 pg/ml, the chances of cognitive disorders were more than 10 times higher (p<0.001, odds ratio OR=12.0, 95% CI [1.9-76.4]). Thus, biochemical mechanisms, such as NGF overexpression and BGF deficiency, are involved in the development of cognitive disorders in patients with DMD.

[Substantiation and search of health indicators for military servicemen and civil population].

Health authorities and executives of medical organisations focused on improvement of quality index and access to health care in the process of realisation of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the healthcare field. But the figures currently used and recorded on the official statistical books don't allow to make an objective evaluation of the health status of the population and therefore to evaluate an effectiveness of medical arrangements. Thereby it is necessary to find new indicators for objective individual and public health evaluation. Performed comparative-analytical study of currently used methods and figures for public health evaluation showed that the integral health indicators obtained by the evaluation of heart rate variability are the most efficient.

[Clinical picture, diagnostics and prophylaxis of a syndrome in conditions of the Far North].

The analysis of a clinical picture barometeosensitivity in a seaside zone of the Far North is carried out in the article. A diagnostic test included the following laboratory assessments: complete blood count, complete urinary analysis, biomedical measurement assessment, immunology blood research and functional renal test; analysis of the level of an electrolyte in the blood and hormone receptor status; and the following instrumental diagnostics: The auscultatory Korotkov's method of determining blood pressure, electrocardiography, variational pulsometry, chest X-ray, mechanocardiography, echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound; and also consultation of ophthalmologist and neuropathologist. Every patient should keep a diary "weather - health" before and after the treatment. Peculiarities of cardiovascular system, vegetative systems and neuroendocrine system of servicemen, coming to the Far North and mechanisms of development of barometeosensivity were revealed. It has been established that atmospheric pressure variation affects systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, systolic discharge, Kerdo index, effectiveness of myocardial function, end-diastolic and end-systolic volume, level of cholesterol, triglycerides, kalium, adrenalin, triiodothyronine, blood plasma and plasma renin activity in barometeosensetiv servicemen. The criteria of diagnostics of barometeosensivity in conditions of the Far North are suggested. The influence of baromemteosensivity on the combat capability of serviceman is researched.

[Efficacy of Venarus in treatment of patients with post-thrombotic disease of lower limbs].

The authors studied efficacy of Venarus in comprehensive treatment of patients presenting with post-thrombotic disease. An open multicenter retrospective study included a total of 110 patients subdivided into two groups. Group One (Study Group) consisted of 51 patients with post-thrombotic syndrome, undergoing comprehensive medical treatment with the use of phlebotonic agent Venarus. Group Two (Control Group) comprised 59 patients with post-thrombotic syndrome undergoing similar conservative treatment but without taking phlebotonics. It was proved that Venarus included into comprehensive treatment of patients with post-thrombotic syndrome led to a statistically significant increase of both psychological and social activity and improved patients' quality of life. During the standard term of administration (2 months) Venarus levelled subjective symptoms and certain objective symptoms (according to the Villalta Scale) of post-thrombotic syndrome. After 2-month use Venarus demonstrated the highest efficacy in treating patients with mild-to-moderate post-thrombotic syndrome. The maximal efficacy was observed after 3 months of administration in standard doses. No side effects were noted during the whole period of the study.

[Current state and prospects of military personnel health monitoring].

The current article is dedicated to some features of the Russian Federation Armed Forces military personnel health monitoring such as legal and informational provision, methodological basis of functioning, historical aspect of formation and development of the social and hygienic monitoring in the Russian Federation Armed Forces. The term "military personnel health monitoring" is defined as an analytical system of constant and long-term observation, analysis, assessment, studying of factors determined the military personnel health, these factors correlations, health risk factors management in order to minimize them. The current state of the military personnel health monitoring allows coming to the conclusion that the military health system does have forces and resources for state policy of establishing the population health monitoring system implementation. The following directions of the militarily personnel health monitoring improvement are proposed: the Russian Federation Armed Forces medical service record and report system reorganization bringing it closer to the civilian one, implementation of the integrated approach to the medical service informatisation, namely, military personnel health status and medical service resources monitoring. The leading means in this direction are development and introduction of a military serviceman individual health status monitoring system on the basis of a serviceman electronic medical record card. Also it is proposed the current Russian Federation Armed Forces social and hygienic monitoring improvement at the expense of informational interaction between the two subsystems on the basis of unified military medical service space.

[Early diagnosis of dementia with the help of MR-morphometry in patients with Parkinson's disease].

54 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were examined. 1,5 Tesla MRI with T1 gradient-echo protocol and following calculating by FreeSurfer software was performed. Dementia was revealed in 23 patients. Significant changes of different zones of brain-cortex were revealed in patients with Parkinson's disease accompanied by dementia. Changes were revealed in the hemispheres, particularly in frontal, temporal and occipital lobes. Thickness of lingual medial occipitotemporal gyrus can be used as a criterion for dementia prognosis. Individual patient monitoring and cortex alteration evaluation allow prognosticating increasing risk of cognitive disorders development and prescribing proper therapy.

[Modern aspects of combat maxillofacial trauma (review of foreign scientific-medical publications during 2012-2013)].

The current article is dedicated to the modern aspects of combat maxillofacial trauma as they have been presented in 2012-2013 scientific publications. It has been shown that due to employment of more and more powerful explosive devices the facial trauma over the last decade has occurred more frequently and become more severe. Some new methods of facial injuries treatment are being tested now, among them KSL-W antimicrobial decapeptide, new bone regenerative biocompatible materials, scar-healing mesenchymal and adipose-derived stem cells, and a custom automated face dressing platform.

[Current problems of information technologies application for forces medical service].

The modern information technologies are the key factors for the upgrading of forces medical service. The aim of this article is the analysis of prospective information technologies application for the upgrading of forces medical service. The authors suggested 3 concepts of information support of Russian military health care on the basis of data about information technologies application in the foreign armed forces, analysis of the regulatory background, prospects of military-medical service and gathered experience of specialists. These three concepts are: development of united telecommunication network of the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation medical service, working out and implementation of standard medical information systems for medical units and establishments, monitoring the military personnel health state and military medical service resources. It is noted that on the assumption of sufficient centralized financing and industrial implementation of the military medical service prospective information technologies, by the year 2020 the united information space of the military medical service will be created and the target information support effectiveness will be achieved.

[Medical research in the US Armed Forces. (Report 5). The US Air Force and Coast Guard].

The present article is the last part of the review dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Armed Forces. The first through fourth parts were published in the previous issues of the journal. Specifically this article is dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Air Force and Coast Guard. It is shown that in the US Air Force the medical research is conducted in the Air Force Research Laboratory and in the US Coast Guard--in its Research and Development Center. The particular research programs conducted in the above mentioned units are discussed.

[Delivery of health care for military veterans abroad. The USA and Great Britain models].

The present review is dedicated to organization and management of military veteran's health care system of the US and UK. It is shown that despite the differences in health care systems of both countries their veterans receive the stat-of-the-art medical service which is readily available and financially affordable.

[Medical research in the US Armed Forces. Part 4].

The present article is the fourth part of the review dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Armed Forces. The first, second and the third parts were published in the previous issues of the journal. Specifically this article is dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Navy. It is shown that in the US Navy the fundamental and a part of applied investigations are conducted in the Office of Naval Research while more practical research is carried out at the Naval Medical Research Center. The latter includes the Naval Health Research Center, the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory and seven Naval Medical Research Units which are successively presented. The particular research programs conducted in the above mentioned organizations are discussed.

[Medical research in the US armed Forces (review of foreign internet-publications)].

The present review is dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Armed Forces. At the beginning of the review a brief description of the US Armed Forces and their medical services is presented. Then.the main research organizations are successively presented: in the first part--from the Office of the Secretary of Defense, in the second--from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, in the third through fifth--from the US Army, US Navy, US Air Force and US Coast Guard. In conclusion the current state of the US Armed Forces scientific research is appraised.

[Medical service of the Armed Forces of Great Britain (review of foreign internet-publications)].

The present review is dedicated to organization and principles of operation of the Medical service of the Armed Forces of Great Britain. At the beginning of the review a brief description of British Armed Forces and their medical service is presented. Then the particular key elements of the medical service such as the medical services of the Armed Forces major components, inpatient care, medical supplies, research, medical care at an operation theater, medical personnel training are considered. The special attention is paid to the Joint Medical Command formed four years ago as a prototype for the future integration and centralization of the whole medical service. The cooperation with the civil health care has played an increasing role in the organization of British military medicine. That is why the review includes the short description of the major structure of the British civil health care system--the National Health Service.

[Licensing of activity of medical subunits of military forces and commands of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation].

The purpose of this article is a synthesis and analysis of laws and regulations on the licensing of medical activities, the study of the current state and problems of licensing of medical units and the development of recommendations for medical directors in conducting the work associated with the licensing of medical activities of medical units of military units and formations of the military districts.

[Medical research in the US Armed Forces (Report 3). The US Army].

The US Army. The present article is the third part of the review dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Armed Forces. The first and the second parts have been published in the previous issuses of the journal. Specifically this article is dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Army. It is shown that in the US Army the medical and biological research is conducted and coordinated by the special US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. The following units are successively presented: US Army Institute of Surgical Research, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine. The particular research programs conducting in the above mentioned institutions are presented.

[Scientific-medical research in the US Armed Forces (Report 2)].

The present article is the second part of the review dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Armed Forces. The first part has been published in the previous issue of the journal. Specifically this article is dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. The following units are successively presented: the Defense Medical Research and Development Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute. The particular research programs conducting in the above mentioned institutions are presented.

[Use of neural networks for prognosis of outcomes of operations for ischemic heart disease]. / Ispol'zovanie neironnykh setei dlia prognozirovaniia iskhodov operativnykh vmeshatel'stv po povodu ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

Using a mathematical model of artificial neuronal network the authors have determined the main significant factors for prognosis of the development of acute myocardial insufficiency during aorto-coronary shunting.