Strategies and interventions used to provide communication education for midwifery students. A scoping review.

AIM: To examine the current literature on educational strategies and interventions developed with the objective of teaching or enhancing communication skills of student midwives during their pre-registration education programmes. DESIGN: A scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute framework was conducted using predefined criteria and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted using various databases (Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, PsycINFO, Maternity and Infant Care Database (MIDIRS), Web of Science and Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC)) in October 2023. RESULTS: A total of 120 titles and abstracts were screened. A final number of eight articles were subjected to quality appraisal and included in the scoping review. Five themes were identified which describe educational strategies and interventions including: simulation-based training, the use of role-play, pedagogical approaches, theory-based information workshops and debrief and reflection. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights a gap in research focusing on the importance of communication skills training for student midwives throughout midwifery education. Despite the limited numbers of studies, different interventions and educational strategies have been recognized for enhancing these skills. To equip midwives with strong communication skills, a combination of interventions is recommended, including communication-focused workshops tailored for midwifery education and debriefing and student reflection sessions specifically designed to enhanced communication skills. REGISTRATION NUMBER: to be included in abstract after acceptance.

Prevalencia de prescripción del ácido acetilsalicílico a dosis bajas en prevención primaria en población española, evolución temporal y factores asociados / Prescription prevalence of low dose aspirin in primary prevention in the Spanish population, trends over time and associated factors

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: El uso del ácido acetilsalicílico a dosis bajas (AAS-DB) en prevención primaria es motivo de controversia, pero se desconoce su magnitud en España. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la proporción de pacientes a los que se prescribió AAS-DB como prevención primaria durante el periodo 2002-2015 e identificar sus características. MÉTODOS: En una muestra de la base de datos de atención primaria para la investigación farmacoepidemiológica (BIFAP) se obtuvo la proporción de personas con prescripciones de AAS-DB, excluyendo los pacientes con enfermedad vascular oclusiva, fibrilación auricular y cáncer. Las proporciones se estandarizaron para la población española de 40-99 años. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logística para identificar los factores asociados a la prescripción de AAS-DB y se estimó su prevalencia según la combinación de dichos factores. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 102.850 sujetos, 6.198 de ellos usuarios de AAS-DB. La prevalencia estandarizada fue del 2,21% al comienzo del periodo y del 3,57% al final. La prescripción aumentó con la edad. Los factores más asociados fueron diabetes (OR=3,26; IC 95%: 3,07-3,47), dislipidemia (OR=2,08; 1,96-2,21), insuficiencia cardiaca (OR=2,02; 1,72-2,37) e hipertensión (OR=1,78; 1,67-1,90). La prevalencia de prescripción de AAS-DB alcanzó el 33,7% en mayores de 70 años con diabetes, hipertensión y dislipidemia. CONCLUSIONES: En el periodo estudiado la prescripción de AAS-DB para prevención primaria en España fue baja en la población general, pero elevada en pacientes diabéticos mayores de 70 años con factores de riesgo adicionales. Después de años de controversia parece necesario adecuar el uso de este fármaco en prevención primaria a las recomendaciones actuales

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The use of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (LD-ASA) in primary prevention is a matter of controversy, but its magnitude is unknown in Spain. The aim of the study was to estimate the proportion of patients who are prescribed LD-ASA for primary prevention and to identify their characteristics. METHODS: In a sample from the primary care database BIFAP we obtained the proportion of persons with prescriptions of LD-ASA over the period 2002-2015, excluding patients with any previous record of occlusive vascular disease, atrial fibrillation or cancer. The proportions were standardized to the Spanish population aged 40-99 years old. We identified the factors associated with the use of LD-ASA through a logistic regression and estimated its prevalence of use according to the presence of such factors. RESULTS: The sample included 102,850 subjects; of which 6,198 were users of LD-ASA. The standardized prevalence of prescription was 2.21% at the start of the period and 3.57% at the end, and increased with age. The factors with the strongest associations were diabetes (OR=3.26; 95%CI: 3.07-3.47), dyslipidaemia (OR=2.08; 1.96-2.21), heart failure (OR=2.02; 1.72-2.37), and hypertension (OR=1.78; 1.67-1.90). Among diabetic patients older than 70 years with hypertension and dyslipidaemia, the prevalence of LD-ASA prescription was 33.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The prescription of LD-ASA for primary prevention in Spain over the study period was low in the general population, but high in older diabetic patients with additional risk factors. After years of controversy, it is time to realign the use of this drug in primary prevention according to recent guidelines

Olas de calor, temperatura ambiente y riesgo de infarto de miocardio: un estudio ecológico en la Comunidad de Madrid / Heat waves, ambient temperature, and risk of myocardial infarction: an ecological study in the Community of Madrid

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: Los episodios de calor extremo se asocian con una mayor morbimortalidad de los enfermos crónicos, pero su relación con el infarto de miocardio no está claramente establecida. El objetivo es analizar una posible relación entre la incidencia de infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) y la temperatura máxima, especialmente durante los periodos de alerta por ola de calor (PAOC). MÉTODOS: La población estudiada son los casos de IAMCEST confirmado registrados en Código Infarto Madrid entre junio de 2013 y junio de 2017. Se estimaron las razones de tasa de incidencia (RTI) ajustadas por tendencia y estacionalidad y sus IC95% asociadas con los PAOC y con la temperatura máxima, utilizando modelos de regresión de series temporales. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a 6.465 casos de IAMCEST. En 66 días de PAOC hubo 212 casos y 1.816 casos durante los días de verano sin alerta (RTI=1,14; IC95%, 0,96-1,35). La tasa de incidencia mínima se observó con temperatura máxima de 18°C. Las temperaturas más cálidas no se asociaron con mayor incidencia (RTI=1,03; IC95%, 0,76-1,41); por el contrario, hubo un incremento significativo con las temperaturas más frías (RTI=1,25; IC95%, 1,02-1,54). No hubo modificación por sexo o edad. CONCLUSIONES: Durante los PAOC entre junio de 2013 y junio de 2017 en la Comunidad de Madrid, no se observó un aumento de la incidencia de IAMCEST, pero sí durante periodos de bajas temperaturas. No cabe esperar un mayor uso de los recursos sanitarios para el IAMCEST en periodos de calor extremo, pero sí durante los periodos fríos

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Episodes of extreme heat are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in chronically-ill patients but there is a need to clearly establish the relationship between extreme heat and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and maximum temperature, in particular during heat wave alert periods (HWAP). METHODS: The population studied consisted of confirmed STEMI cases registered in the Infarction Code of the Community of Madrid between June 2013 and June 2017. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) adjusted for trend and seasonality and 95%CI were estimated using time series regression models. RESULTS: A total of 6465 cases of STEMI were included; 212 cases occurred during the 66-day period of HWAP and 1816 cases during the nonalert summer period (IRR, 1.14; 95%CI, 0.96-1.35). The minimum incidence rate was observed at the maximum temperature of 18°C. Warmer temperatures were not associated with a higher incidence (IRR,1.03; 95%CI, 0.76-1.41), whereas colder temperatures were significantly associated with an increased risk (IRR, 1.25; 95%CI, 1.02-1.54). No effect modification was observed by age or sex. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find an increased risk of STEMI during the 66 days of HWAP in the Community of Madrid between June 2013 and June 2017. However, an increased risk was found during colder temperatures. No extra health resources for STEMI management are required during periods of extreme heat, but should be considered during periods of cold weather