ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Sandflies are vector insects associated with terrestrial forest ecosystems; in the Ecuadorian Andes, they participate in the transmission of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. This geographical area represents an opportunity to evaluate the role of sandflies as bioindicators of the degree of intervention of tropical humid forest ecosystems (THF) associated with changes in the ecology of the local landscape. METHODS: CDC-light traps were used for collecting adult sandflies in February 2020 in a humid tropical forest within the Chocó Biosphere Reserve. All species were identified using morphological keys. Analysis data about abundance, richness, species accumulation, diversity index, species composition communities, species sex proportion, spatial sandflies environmental, Renyi's Diversity Profile were performed to compare six spatial habitats in Mashpi locality, Ecuador. RESULTS: Sandflies were collected (n-1435); the main species are represented by Trichophoromyia reburra, Nyssomyia trapidoi, Psathyromyia aclydifera, Psychodopygus panamensis and Lutzomyia hartmanni. Only Th. reburra is associated with not intervened forest, while the other three species are associated with intervened forest within Mashpi in the Choco Biosphere Reserve. The secondary forest has major sandflies' richness, while the primary forest exhibits major abundance. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: Th. reburra is a sandfly restricted to the Andean Forest and is a bioindicator of the high environmental health quality of the forest, while Ny. trapidoi and Pa. aclydifera are bioindicators of environmental disturbances in the forest. Additionally, Ps. panamensis, Lu. hartmanni and Ny. trapidoi are bioindicators of human impact and the risk of leishmaniasis.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Forests , Insect Vectors , Psychodidae , Animals , Psychodidae/physiology , Psychodidae/classification , Insect Vectors/physiology , Insect Vectors/classification , Ecuador , Male , Female , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission , Biodiversity , HumansABSTRACT
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Sand flies are insects vector associated with terrestrial forest ecosystems; in the Ecuadorian Andes, they participate in the transmission of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. This geographical area is an opportunity to evaluate the role of sand flies as bioindicators od the degree of intervention of a tropical humid forest ecosystems (THF) associated with changes in the ecology of the local landscape. METHODS: CDC-light traps were used for collecting adults' sand flies in February 2020 in a humid tropical forest within Choco Biosphere Reserve. All species were identified using morphological keys. Analysis data about abundance, richness, species accumulation, diversity index, species composition communities, species sex proportion, spatial sand flies environmental, Renyi's Diversity Profile were performed to compare six spatial habitats in Mashpi locality, Ecuador. RESULTS: Sand flies were collected (n-1435); the main species are represented by Th. reburra Ny. trapidoi, Pa. aclydifera, Py. panamensis and Lu. hartmanni. Only Th. reburra is associated with not intervened forest, while the other 3 species are associated with intervened forest within Mashpi in the Choco Biosphere Reserve. The secondary forest has the major sandflies' richness, while the primary forest exhibits the major abundance. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: The results indicated that Th. reburra is a sandfly restricted to the Andean Forest and is a bioindicator of the high environmental health quality of the forest, while Ny. trapidoi and Pa. aclydifera are bioindicators of environmental disturbances in the forest. Additionally, Ps. panamensis, Lu. hartmanni and Ny. trapidoi are bioindicators of human impact and the risk of leishmaniasis.
ABSTRACT
This data paper summarizes the data of a first survey of terrestrial ferns at Mashpi Biodiversity Reserve, an Ecuadorian Chocó forest relict, one of the most biodiverse areas in the world. We established 10 permanent plots of 400 m2 distributed in two elevational levels (800 and 1000 m a.s.l.) to register all species per plot and the abundance per species. In addition, we measured two morphological leaf functional traits of the species. We include a file with three tables, the first one includes a species list with scientific names and vouchers. The second one includes the abundance of each species per plot. The third one contains measurements of the leaf length and leaf thickness of several leaf samples of 28 species, representing the leaf functional traits of the species. This article also includes a table with coordinates and elevations of the plots and five figures with information about the number of genus and species per family, geographic location of plots and, the methodology for data collection. These data can be useful for plant ecologists to assess future changes of fern species composition and leaf functional traits of ferns caused by climate change and other threats at the study area.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This nested case-control study can be viewed as an efficient way to sample subjects from a large cohort study case-control study aimed to analyze the effect of different clinical factors on the appearance of vertical root fractures in endodontically-treated teeth (ETT) over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: By matching 90 cases and 270 controls nested in a cohort of 450 patients. Incident "cases" included those ETT in which a confirmed VRF. The "controls" were ETT with clinical and radiographic evidence of normality. When an "incident case" was detected, three random "controls" according to the evaluation time registered in years were selected. Time interval corresponded to the exposure time from the end of the endodontic treatment until the tooth was included in the study. Demographic and clinical parameters included: age, gender, type, and location of the tooth, type of endodontic treatment, number of appointments necessary to complete the endodontic treatment, use of intra-canal medication, the apical extension of the filling, type of coronal restoration, the role of the tooth in the rehabilitation treatment, presence of intra-radicular posts, and presence of an adjacent implant, were analyzed over time. Statistical analysis: univariate descriptive analysis, Pearson's χ2 test, and a logistic regression model adjusted for the most significant variables with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The prevalence of vertical root fractures was 16.42%. The multivariate analysis confirmed that re-treatment (OR:12.19; OR:4.28;P<0.05) lasting five to ten years and intra-canal medication (OR:6.16;P=0.004) for more than eleven years significantly more associated with the risk of vertical root fracture. For teeth with intra-canal post or direct coronal restorations, the risk of vertical root fracture was three times lower. CONCLUSIONS: Endodontic re-treatment and the use of intracanal medication such as calcium hydroxide should be considered primary and secondary risk factors, respectively, according to the appearance of VRF over time. Key words:Apical surgery, endodontic re-treatment, endodontically-treated teeth, risk factors, vertical root fracture.
ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/diagnosis , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/etiology , Graft vs Host Disease/diagnosis , Graft vs Host Disease/etiology , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/pathology , Graft vs Host Disease/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effectsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Cholecystitis/diagnosis , Gallbladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Chronic Disease , Acute Disease , Ultrasonography , BiopsyABSTRACT
We present the images of ultrasound, magnetic resonance and histology of a patient with suggestive findings of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Gallbladder cancer cannot be completely ruled out until the histological study of the surgical sample is performed.
Subject(s)
Cholecystitis/diagnosis , Gallbladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Xanthomatosis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Aged , Cholecystitis/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Ultrasonography , Xanthomatosis/pathologyABSTRACT
No disponible
