ABSTRACT
DARPP-32 (dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein Mr. 32 kDa) is a phosphoprotein that is modulated by multiple receptors integrating intracellular pathways and playing roles in various physiological functions. It is regulated by dopaminergic receptors through the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which modulates the phosphorylation of threonine 34 (Thr34). When phosphorylated at Thr34, DARPP-32 becomes a potent protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) inhibitor. Since dopamine is involved in the development of GABAergic neurons and DARPP-32 is expressed in the developing brain, it is possible that DARPP-32 has a role in GABAergic neuronal development. We cloned the zebrafish darpp-32 gene (ppp1r1b) gene and observed that it is evolutionarily conserved in its inhibitory domain (Thr34 and surrounding residues) and the docking motif (residues 7-11 (KKIQF)). We also characterized darpp-32 protein expression throughout the 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larval brain by immunofluorescence and demonstrated that darpp-32 is mainly expressed in regions that receive dopaminergic projections (pallium, subpallium, preoptic region, and hypothalamus). We demonstrated that dopamine acutely suppressed darpp-32 activity by reducing the levels of p-darpp-32 in the 5dpf zebrafish larval brain. In addition, the knockdown of darpp-32 resulted in a decrease in the number of GABAergic neurons in the subpallium of the 5dpf larval brain, with a concomitant increase in the number of DAergic neurons. Finally, we demonstrated that darpp-32 downregulation during development reduced the motor behavior of 5dpf zebrafish larvae. Thus, our observations suggest that darpp-32 is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of dopamine receptor signaling and is required for the formation of GABAergic neurons in the developing telencephalon.
Subject(s)
Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 , Dopamine , GABAergic Neurons , Telencephalon , Zebrafish , Animals , Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32/metabolism , GABAergic Neurons/metabolism , Telencephalon/metabolism , Telencephalon/embryology , Dopamine/metabolism , Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism , Zebrafish Proteins/genetics , Animals, Genetically Modified , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Yoga can be used as a complementary intervention to conventional treatments, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Sustained practice of yoga can generate a series of benefits for individuals' quality of life and improve their physical fitness. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential effects of yoga as an adjunct intervention in conditions involving impulse control issues, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), borderline personality disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and substance use disorders. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of placebo-controlled, randomized trials of yoga in patients with impulsivity. PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched for trials published up to January, 2023. Data were extracted from published reports and quality assessment was performed per Cochrane recommendations. RESULTS: Out of 277 database results, 6 RCT were included in this systematic review. To assess the level of attention and impulsiveness, the following scales were analyzed: Barratt Impulsiveness, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior scale, Conners' Continuous Performance Test IIª and Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Long. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga didn't have a significant improvement in impulsivity when compared to placebo. There are many tools to assess impulsivity, but they mean different concepts and domains consisting in a weakness on comparison of yoga effects. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42023389088.
Subject(s)
Impulsive Behavior , Yoga , Yoga/psychology , Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Disorders/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Bipolar Disorder/therapy , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Borderline Personality Disorder/therapy , Borderline Personality Disorder/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Substance-Related Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Antipsychotics (APs) have been increasingly prescribed for psychiatric disorders from schizophrenia to disruptive behavioral conditions. These drugs have been associated with considerable side effects, such as weight gain, and increasing evidence has also indicated that its use impacts gut microbiota (GM), although this connection is still little understood. To assess APs effects on the GM of patients starting or ongoing treatment, a systematic review was carried out in PubMed and Scopus databases. Twelve articles were considered eligible for the review, which investigated the effects of risperidone (5 studies), quetiapine (3), amilsupride (1), olanzapine (1), and unspecified atypical drugs (2). Eleven reported changes in GM in response to APs, and associations between the abundance of bacterial groups and different metabolic parameters were described by most of them. However, the studies were noticeably heterogeneous considering design, methods, and results. In this way, the effects of APs on GM composition and diversity were inconclusive. Despite the uncertain interactions, a more comprehensive understanding on how microbiota is affected by APs may help to optimize treatment, potentially minimizing side effects and improving adherence to treatment.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Humans , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects , Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience various limitations, particularly in gross motor function and activities of daily living. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that has been used to improve movement, gross motor function, and activities of daily living. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the potential additional effects of physiotherapy combined with tDCS in children with CP in comparison with physiotherapy only. METHODS: This is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial that will compare the effects of tDCS as an adjunctive treatment during rehabilitation sessions to rehabilitation without tDCS. Children with CP classified by the Gross Motor Function Classification System as levels I and II will be randomly assigned to either the sham + rehabilitation group or the tDCS + rehabilitation group. The primary outcome will be the motor skills assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure domain E scores, and the secondary outcome will be the measurement scores of the children's quality of life. The intervention will consist of a 10-day stimulation protocol with tDCS spread over 2 weeks, with stimulation or sham tDCS administered for 20 minutes at a frequency of 1 Hz, in combination with physiotherapy. Physical therapy exercises will be conducted in a circuit based on each child's baseline Gross Motor Function Measure results. The participants' changes will be evaluated and compared in both groups. Intervenient features will be tested. RESULTS: Data collection is ongoing and is expected to be completed by January 2025. A homogeneous sample and clear outcomes may be a highlight of this protocol, which may allow us to understand the potential use of tDCS and for whom it should or should not be used. CONCLUSIONS: A study with good evidence and clear outcomes in children with CP might open an avenue for the potential best use of neurostimulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-104h4s4y; https://tinyurl.com/47r3x2e4. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/52922.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy , Physical Therapy Modalities , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Cerebral Palsy/rehabilitation , Cerebral Palsy/therapy , Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology , Motor Skills/physiology , Quality of Life , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Individuals who experience mild COVID-19 can suffer from long-lasting cognitive symptoms. Notably, 26% of these individuals experience difficulties with visuospatial abilities six months after infection. However, among those who initially exhibited visuoconstructive impairments, 66% showed improvement or complete reversal over time. Additionally, changes in cytokine levels, particularly CCL11, HGF, and CXCL10, were observed. These results suggest a potential link between ongoing cognitive issues and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which merits further investigation.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cognitive Dysfunction , Humans , Follow-Up Studies , COVID-19/complications , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , CytokinesABSTRACT
Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 5% of children and 2.5% of adults worldwide. Comorbidities are frequent, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) reaches 50%. Family environment is crucial for the severity of behaviors and for prognosis. In middle-income countries, access to treatment is challenging, with more untreated children than those under treatment. Face-to-face behavioral parent training (PT) is a well-established intervention to improve child behavior and parenting. Method: A clinical trial was designed to compare PT-online and face-to-face effects to a waiting list group. Outcomes were the ADHD and ODD symptoms, parental stress and styles, and quality of life. Families were allocated into three groups: standard treatment (ST), ST + PT online, and ST + Face-to-Face PT. We used repeated measures ANOVA for pre × post treatment analysis corrected for multiple comparisons. Results and discussion: Parent training was effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD (p = 0.030) and ODD (p = 0.026) irrespective of modality (p = 1.000). The combination of ST and PT was also associated with better quality of life in the physical domain for patients (p = 0.009) and their parents (p = 0.050). In addition to preliminary data, online intervention seems effective for parenting and improving social acceptance of children. The potential to reach many by an online strategy with a self-directed platform may imply effectiveness with a low cost for public health to support parents' symptoms management.
ABSTRACT
During the COVID-19 pandemic, internalizing and externalizing symptoms have impacted the quality of life of children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study evaluated children's quality of life using parental reports, observing associations with mental health problems and sociodemographic variables. Some behavioral measures were linked to lower quality of life, particularly depression symptoms, relationship problems, and inattention. Multiple regression models indicated that reduced children's quality of life (R2 = 36%) was associated with higher levels of internalizing (r = -0.46) and externalizing (r = -0.23) behavioral problems and younger parents (r = -0.08). Children with previous mental disorder diagnoses had lower quality of life than those without (p < 0.001). In summary, children's quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic was linked to current mental health, parental age, and previous history of mental disorders.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: About 30% of patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder fail with the mainstream pharmacological treatment. Patients who do not achieve clinical remission of symptoms, even with two different antidepressants, are classified with treatment-resistant depression (TDR). This condition imposes an additional burden with increased Disability Adjusted Life Years. Therefore, complementary treatments, such as neuromodulation, are necessary. The transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has emerged in the past few years as a reliable method for non-invasive neuromodulation in humans and may help treat TRD. This study aims to propose a research protocol for a non-inferiority randomized clinical trial of TDR with tFUS. METHODS: Patients with documented TRD will be screened upon entering the TRD outpatient clinic at UFMG (Brazil). One hundred patients without a clinical history of other psychiatric illness, anatomical abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or treatment with electroconvulsive therapy will be invited to participate. Patients will be randomized (1:1) into two groups: 1) treatment with a previously established protocol of transcranial magnetic stimulation; and 2) treatment with a similar protocol using the stimulation. Besides regular consultations in the outpatient clinic, both groups will attend 7 protocolled spaced days of brain stimulation targeted at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. They will also be submitted to 4 sessions of image studies (2 MRIs, 2 positron-emission tomography), 3 of neuropsychological assessments (at baseline, 1 week and 2 months after treatment), the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale to analyze the severity of depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION: This clinical trial intends to verify the safety and clinical efficacy of tFUS stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with TRD, compared with a previously established neuromodulation method.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant , Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnostic imaging , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant/therapy , Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex/physiology , Equivalence Trials as Topic , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods , Treatment Outcome , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Core temperature is used in several situations, including studies on biological rhythms and circadian markers of physical performance. Measuring the inner eye canthus (Tco) temperature is a method proposed to identify core temperature, but it has shown little concordance in physical exercise situations and has not yet been used in studies with measurements taken throughout the day. The objective of this study was to compare the measurements and daily behavior of Tco obtained by infrared thermography with rectal temperature (Tre) during a prolonged waking protocol. Eleven male individuals participated in the study, who remained in the laboratory for at least 38 h using an actigraph to determine the wakefulness time and were monitored during the entire period. The Tre and Tco measurements were performed every 3 h. The ANOVA was used for repeated measurements followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test to find the limits of concordance/proximity, while the Bland and Altman method and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient were used to establish the reliability between the pairs. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. The results demonstrate significant differences, low levels of concordance and unsatisfactory reliability levels between Tco and Tre at all 13 analyzed moments, in addition to not showing measurement reliability when all data are used together with the 143 temperature measurements. Daily behavior analysis shows moments with similar behavior with an increase in Tco and Tre, but at other times the behavior was the opposite, with a decrease in one measurement and an increase in the other. Based on the results presented, it is not recommended to use the inner eye canthus temperature as a substitute for rectal temperature for measuring core temperature at different times of the day or in sleep-deprived individuals.
Subject(s)
Body Temperature , Thermography , Humans , Male , Temperature , Thermography/methods , Reproducibility of Results , SleepABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Multidimensional Individual and Interpersonal Resilience Measure to Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: after initial translation, the pre-final version underwent rigorous cultural adaptation procedures. As a result, the final adapted version was submitted to a validity study. RESULTS: adaptation procedures provided equivalence between the pre-final and the original versions in semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual terms. A total of 187 older adults were included in the validity study. Exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) generated a model of five factors ((RMSEA = 0.030; TLI = 0.959; X2 = 151.590 p> 0.05). Final version showed adequate consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.705) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.835). No statistically significant correlation was found between resilience and sociodemographic and epidemiological variables assessed in this study. CONCLUSION: EMRII-BR is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring resilience in Brazilian older adults.
Subject(s)
Cross-Cultural Comparison , Translations , Humans , Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Brazil , PsychometricsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To translate and validate the version for children and adolescents of the UPPS-P scale into Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: After a five-step translation process, the final draft was submitted to a panel of 12 different specialties experts. Subsequently, the application of the scale was applied concomitantly with the "Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Scale - Version IV" (SNAP-IV) and the "Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory" (CABI) scale to analyze the correlation between them. Content Validity Index (CVI) and reliability were estimated by calculating internal consistency and analyzing its test-retest stability. RESULTS: The items whose CVI was lower than 80% underwent a detailed analysis to verify the reason for the bad evaluation. Five items (3, 7, 11, 22 and 35) scored below 80% and were reassessed. There was high internal consistency in all parameters: Lack of premeditation (McDonald's omega = 0.806; Cronbach's alpha = 0.801), Negative Urgency (McDonald's omega = 0.838; Cronbach's alpha = 0.836), Sensation seeking (McDonald's omega = 0.826; Cronbach's alpha = 0.810), Lack of Perseverance (McDonald's omega = 0.800; Cronbach's alpha = 0.799) and Positive Urgency (McDonald's omega = 0.936; Cronbach's alpha = 0.934). A strong correlation was observed between UPPS-P features and impulsivity in behavioral assessments. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the UPPS-P scale is a good instrument to assess impulsivity in children and adolescents.
Subject(s)
Ethnicity , Impulsive Behavior , Humans , Child , Adolescent , Psychometrics , Brazil , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introduction: Decision-making is not purely rational but highlighted by the influence of intuitive and emotional processes. Recently, researchers have focused more attention on understanding which environmental and personal features influence decision-making processes, and how. Objective and methods: On this study, we investigate whether Trait Anxiety moderates the impact of Post-Traumatic Stress (PTS) symptoms reported during COVID-19 pandemic on decision-making styles. Results: The study included 1,358 Brazilian participants (80% women) aged between 20 and 74 (M = 41.11; SD = 11.23) who responded to an online survey between May and August of the year 2021 of COVID-19 pandemic to The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Decisions Styles Scale, The Impact of Event Scale - Revised and questions related to COVID-19. Through moderation analysis, we observed that experiencing PTS is associated with a higher tendency to biased/heuristic decision-making processes. Discussion: Trait Anxiety seems to influence how people respond to PTS symptoms on decision-making related processes. Subjects with higher Trait Anxiety reported lower tendency to appeal to rationality, especially under higher reported levels of PTS. Meanwhile, lower Trait Anxiety subjects exhibited more reason-based decision-making under higher rates of PTS. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay among environmental and individual differences on decision-making styles and helps to identify factors of vulnerability for poorer cognitive functioning on stressful scenarios.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Adolescents have extensive use of screens and, they have common complains related to mental health. Here a systematic review was done to understand the association between screen time and adolescent's mental health. METHOD: This review was conducted in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA. An update search was performed in January 2023 with the following keywords: "screen time," "adolescent," and "mental health" on PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. RESULTS: 50 articles were included, most have found associations between screen exposure and mental health in adolescents. The most used device by adolescents was the smartphone and the use on weekdays was associated with diminished mental well-being. Social media use was negatively associated with mental well-being and, in girls, associated at higher risk for depression. CONCLUSION: Excessive screen time in adolescents seems associated with mental health problems. Given the profusion and disparity of the results, additional studies are needed to clarify elements such as the screen content or the interaction of adolescents with different screen devices. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022302817.
Subject(s)
Mental Health , Screen Time , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Smartphone , Depression , Psychological Well-BeingABSTRACT
People recovered from COVID-19 may still present complications including respiratory and neurological sequelae. In other viral infections, cognitive impairment occurs due to brain damage or dysfunction caused by vascular lesions and inflammatory processes. Persistent cognitive impairment compromises daily activities and psychosocial adaptation. Some level of neurological and psychiatric consequences were expected and described in severe cases of COVID-19. However, it is debatable whether neuropsychiatric complications are related to COVID-19 or to unfoldings from a severe infection. Nevertheless, the majority of cases recorded worldwide were mild to moderate self-limited illness in non-hospitalized people. Thus, it is important to understand what are the implications of mild COVID-19, which is the largest and understudied pool of COVID-19 cases. We aimed to investigate adults at least four months after recovering from mild COVID-19, which were assessed by neuropsychological, ocular and neurological tests, immune markers assay, and by structural MRI and 18FDG-PET neuroimaging to shed light on putative brain changes and clinical correlations. In approximately one-quarter of mild-COVID-19 individuals, we detected a specific visuoconstructive deficit, which was associated with changes in molecular and structural brain imaging, and correlated with upregulation of peripheral immune markers. Our findings provide evidence of neuroinflammatory burden causing cognitive deficit, in an already large and growing fraction of the world population. While living with a multitude of mild COVID-19 cases, action is required for a more comprehensive assessment and follow-up of the cognitive impairment, allowing to better understand symptom persistence and the necessity of rehabilitation of the affected individuals.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cognitive Dysfunction , Adult , Humans , COVID-19/complications , Neuroimaging , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To translate and validate the version for children and adolescents of the UPPS-P scale into Brazilian Portuguese. Method: After a five-step translation process, the final draft was submitted to a panel of 12 different specialties experts. Subsequently, the application of the scale was applied concomitantly with the "Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Scale - Version IV" (SNAP-IV) and the "Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory" (CABI) scale to analyze the correlation between them. Content Validity Index (CVI) and reliability were estimated by calculating internal consistency and analyzing its test-retest stability. Results: The items whose CVI was lower than 80% underwent a detailed analysis to verify the reason for the bad evaluation. Five items (3, 7, 11, 22 and 35) scored below 80% and were reassessed. There was high internal consistency in all parameters: Lack of premeditation (McDonald's omega = 0.806; Cronbach's alpha = 0.801), Negative Urgency (McDonald's omega = 0.838; Cronbach's alpha = 0.836), Sensation seeking (McDonald's omega = 0.826; Cronbach's alpha = 0.810), Lack of Perseverance (McDonald's omega = 0.800; Cronbach's alpha = 0.799) and Positive Urgency (McDonald's omega = 0.936; Cronbach's alpha = 0.934). A strong correlation was observed between UPPS-P features and impulsivity in behavioral assessments. Conclusions: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the UPPS-P scale is a good instrument to assess impulsivity in children and adolescents.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Multidimensional Individual and Interpersonal Resilience Measure to Brazilian Portuguese. Method: after initial translation, the pre-final version underwent rigorous cultural adaptation procedures. As a result, the final adapted version was submitted to a validity study. Results: adaptation procedures provided equivalence between the pre-final and the original versions in semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual terms. A total of 187 older adults were included in the validity study. Exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) generated a model of five factors ((RMSEA = 0.030; TLI = 0.959; X2 = 151.590 p> 0.05). Final version showed adequate consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.705) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.835). No statistically significant correlation was found between resilience and sociodemographic and epidemiological variables assessed in this study. Conclusion: EMRII-BR is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring resilience in Brazilian older adults.
RESUMO Objetivo: traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar o Multidimensional Individual and Interpersonal Resilience Measure para o português brasileiro. Método: após a tradução inicial, a versão pré-final passou por rigorosos procedimentos de adaptação cultural. Como resultado, a versão final adaptada foi submetida a um estudo de validade. Resultados: os procedimentos de adaptação proporcionaram equivalência entre as versões pré-final e original em termos semânticos, idiomáticos, experienciais e conceituais. Um total de 187 idosos foram incluídos no estudo de validade. A análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) gerou um modelo de cinco fatores ((RMSEA = 0,030; TLI = 0,959; X2 = 151,590 p> 0,05). A versão final apresentou consistência adequada (α de Cronbach = 0,705) e confiabilidade teste-reteste (ICC=0,835). Não foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a resiliência e as variáveis sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas avaliadas neste estudo. Conclusão: o EMRII-BR é um instrumento válido e confiável para mensurar a resiliência em idosos brasileiros.
RESUMEN Objetivo: traducir, adaptar culturalmente y validar el Multidimensional Individual and Interpersonal Resilience Measure para el portugués brasileño. Método: después de la traducción inicial, la versión pre-final pasó por rigurosos procedimientos de adaptación cultural. Como resultado, la versión final adaptada fue sometida a un estudio de validez. Resultados: los procedimientos de adaptación proporcionaron equivalencia entre las versiones pre-final y original en términos semánticos, idiomáticos, experienciales y conceptuales. Un total de 187 ancianos fueron incluidos en el estudio de validez. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) generó un modelo de cinco factores ((RMSEA = 0,030; TLI = 0,959; X2 = 151,590 p> 0,05). La versión final mostró adecuada consistencia (α de Cronbach = 0,705) y confiabilidad prueba-reprueba (ICC=0,835). No se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la resiliencia y las variables sociodemográficas y epidemiológicas evaluadas en este estudio. Conclusión: EMRII-BR es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir la resiliencia en ancianos brasileños.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with a diversity of impairments and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a very frequent comorbidity. Parent Training, as an evidence-based intervention, seems effective in reducing externalizing/disruptive behaviors, possibly leading to a better prognosis. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an online parent training model as a complementary treatment for ADHD and ODD. METHODS: Patients and their families will be screened upon their entry into the Research Center of Impulsivity and Attention (NITIDA) at UFMG-Brazil. Ninety families whose children are male, between 6-12 years old, and have significant externalizing symptoms and whose primary caregiver have complete high school education will be invited to participate. Families will be randomized (1:1) into 03 groups: 1) standard care; 2) standard care + face-to-face parent training; 3) standard care + online parent training. Interventions are analogous, differing only in delivery format. In the face-to-face format, the intervention will be conducted by a specialized therapist and the online format will be carried out through a platform. There will be six sessions/modules, arranged on a weekly basis. Measures of externalizing symptoms, parental and children quality of life, parental stress and parenting style will be collected at baseline and after the intervention. DISCUSSION: This clinical trial intends to verify the effects of a new, online, model of an evidence-based intervention, which would allow a wider access in the Brazilian context. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered on Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC). Number: RBR-6cvc85. July 24th (2020) 05:35 pm.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Child , Humans , Male , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/therapy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Parenting , Parents/education , Quality of Life , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the distress level among Brazilian healthcare professionals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and estimate risks by sex, age, and occupation. METHODS: In a longitudinal cohort design, a nationally distributed online survey was used to collect data from 10,490 active healthcare professionals who worked during the pandemic. Participants were mostly female, aged 18 to 82 years; 13 different health professions and all states of Brazil were represented. RESULTS: The most frequent professions were psychology, dentistry, and nursing. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) score suggested an increased distress perception among health professionals. Females showed poorer mental health than males, but the absolute rise in Global Severity Index (GSI) score was larger in males than in females. Younger adults reported more symptoms of psychological distress than older adults. The most impacted age group was between 30-39 years. Nurse technicians presented the highest risk of distress. CONCLUSION: Health professionals are essential to overcoming the pandemic; thus, their mental health status should be monitored, and features associated with increased distress should be identified. Our findings suggest distress risk should be stratified by occupation, age, and sex. Health professionals showed an increased distress perception. Women, individuals between the ages of 30 and 39, nursing personnel, and physicians were more likely to report distress compared with other health professionals.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Delivery of Health Care , Female , Health Personnel/psychology , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Mental Health , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
While current research highlights the role of Nav1. 8 sensory neurons from the peripheral nervous system, the anatomical and physiological characterization of encephalic Nav1.8 neurons remains unknown. Here, we use a Cre/fluorescent reporter mouse driven by the Nav1.8 gene promoter to reveal unexpected subpopulations of transiently-expressing Nav1.8 neurons within the limbic circuitry, a key mediator of the emotional component of pain. We observed that Nav1.8 neurons from the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST), amygdala, and the periaqueductal gray (vPAG) are sensitive to noxious stimuli from an experimental model of chronic inflammatory pain. These findings identify a novel role for central Nav1.8 neurons in sensing nociception, which could be researched as a new approach to treating pain disorders.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the distress level among Brazilian healthcare professionals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and estimate risks by sex, age, and occupation. Methods: In a longitudinal cohort design, a nationally distributed online survey was used to collect data from 10,490 active healthcare professionals who worked during the pandemic. Participants were mostly female, aged 18 to 82 years; 13 different health professions and all states of Brazil were represented. Results: The most frequent professions were psychology, dentistry, and nursing. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) score suggested an increased distress perception among health professionals. Females showed poorer mental health than males, but the absolute rise in Global Severity Index (GSI) score was larger in males than in females. Younger adults reported more symptoms of psychological distress than older adults. The most impacted age group was between 30-39 years. Nurse technicians presented the highest risk of distress. Conclusion: Health professionals are essential to overcoming the pandemic; thus, their mental health status should be monitored, and features associated with increased distress should be identified. Our findings suggest distress risk should be stratified by occupation, age, and sex. Health professionals showed an increased distress perception. Women, individuals between the ages of 30 and 39, nursing personnel, and physicians were more likely to report distress compared with other health professionals.