Grado de efecto de las variables sociodemográficas, laborales, organizativas y del entorno en la duración de la incapacidad temporal por contingencias comunes en España / Effect of the sociodemographic, occupational, organisational and environmental variables on the duration of temporary sick leave in Spain

OBJETIVO: Analizar la relación de distintas variables asociadas con la duración de la incapacidad temporal por contingencia común (ITCC) y determinar su grado de efecto. DISEÑO: Retrospectivo, descriptivo. Emplazamiento: España. PARTICIPANTES: 598.988 procesos de ITCC del total de trabajadores del Régimen General protegidos en una Mutua de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales durante el periodo de 2005 a 2010. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Se analizó la asociación entre las características demográficas, laborales, organizativas y del entorno y la duración mediana de la ITCC, indicando los valores p de cada prueba, y se estimó el índice del tamaño del efecto (d) para comprobar la relevancia de dicha relación, empleando el coeficiente de correlación de pearson (rxy), eta cuadrado (2) y V de Cramer (V). RESULTADOS: La duración mediana de la ITCC fue de 32 días. Se constatan relaciones significativas con la edad, género, nacionalidad, antigüedad en la empresa; salario, tipo de contrato; sector, actividad, y tamaño empresa y región. Así, se encuentra una mayor duración de las bajas en los trabajadores de grandes empresas, mujeres, con nacionalidad española y que trabajan en actividades agrarias, sanitarias, administración y hostelería. La edad además ejerce un efecto considerable (rxy = 0,134) en la duración de las bajas, sobre todo a partir de 44 años. CONCLUSIONES: Tan solo la edad mostró evidencias de un efecto considerable sobre la duración de la ITCC, aun cuando también se relacionó con el resto de características demográficas, laborales, organizativas y del entorno. Además se evidenció la existencia de efectos cruzados entre variables que pueden provocar ocasionalmente errores en la interpretación de los resultados

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the relationship, and relevance of the effect between the duration of the cases of temporary sick leave, as an indicator of absenteeism, and several characteristics (sociodemographic, labor, organizational and the environment) of workers covered by the Social Security System in Spain. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 598,988 processes, between 15 and 365 days. The relationships between length of absence, and several characteristics such as demographic, sociodemographic, occupational, organizational and environment characteristicswere determined (using P values). The mean duration for each of the features is described, and the size effect is calculated to estimate the importance of the relationships found. RESULTS: There were significant relationships between the duration of temporary sick leave and several demographic characteristics (gender, age, nationality and length of service), occupational (wages, type of contract), organizational (economic sector, activity and size company), the environmental (region, state) characteristics. The age also showed a significant size effect (rxy = .134), especially after age 44. CONCLUSIONS: Only age had a significance effect on the duration of work absence, although there was also a relationship with the rest of the demographic, occupational and work environment characteristics. There was also evidence of a cross-effects between the variables, which could cause errors in interpreting the results

[Effect of the sociodemographic, occupational, organisational and environmental variables on the duration of temporary sick leave in Spain]. / Grado de efecto de las variables sociodemográficas, laborales, organizativas y del entorno en la duración de la incapacidad temporal por contingencias comunes en España.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the relationship, and relevance of the effect between the duration of the cases of temporary sick leave, as an indicator of absenteeism, and several characteristics (sociodemographic, labor, organizational and the environment) of workers covered by the Social Security System in Spain. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 598,988 processes, between 15 and 365days. The relationships between length of absence, and several characteristics such as demographic, sociodemographic, occupational, organizational and environment characteristics were determined (using P values). The mean duration for each of the features is described, and the size effect is calculated to estimate the importance of the relationships found. RESULTS: There were significant relationships between the duration of temporary sick leave and several demographic characteristics (gender, age, nationality and length of service), occupational (wages, type of contract), organizational (economic sector, activity and size company), the environmental (region, state) characteristics. The age also showed a significant size effect (rxy=.134), especially after age 44. CONCLUSIONS: Only age had a significance effect on the duration of work absence, although there was also a relationship with the rest of the demographic, occupational and work environment characteristics. There was also evidence of a cross-effects between the variables, which could cause errors in interpreting the results.