[Results of the first All-Russian consensus conference on bariatric surgery]. / Rezul'taty pervoi vserossiiskoi konsensus-konferentsii po bariatricheskoi khirurgii.

Until now, there has not been organized consensus for standardization in bariatric surgery In Russia. We present the results of the first Bariatric Surgery Consensus Conference conducted in Barnaul (March, 2023). A list of questions was proposed within 6 blocks: 1) general issues of bariatric surgery, 2) sleeve gastrectomy, 3) one-anastomosis gastric bypass («mini-gastric bypass¼), 4) Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, 5) Single Anastomosis Duodenal Switch and other options for biliopancreatic bypass, 6) rare procedures. Consensus (>70% agreement) was reached for 51 out of 96 statements. Stratification by the level of expertise was carried out, and responses of the expert group were compared with responses of all participants.

[Experience of successful laparoscopic sleeve resection of the stomach and treatment of morbid obesity in a patient with a classic form of congenital adrenal dysfunction].

The article presents a clinical observation of a patient with congenital adrenal dysfunction (CHD), a salt-losing form of 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency (homozygous mutation I 172N), and also with morbid obesity, due to long-term use of high doses of glucocorticosteroids, who underwent bariatric surgery - laparoscopic sleeve resection of the stomach. A feature of the presented case is the elimination of one of the causes of decompensation of the disease, namely, overweight, as well as insulin resistance, which requires the intake of large doses of glucocorticoids, which in turn leads to a worsening of the course of obesity, thereby causing a vicious circle. 7 months after surgical treatment, the goal was achieved - a reduction in the dose of Prednisolone by 25%, with a decrease in body weight by 72.1% of overweight.The presented case clearly demonstrates the possibility of performing bariatric surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity in patients with CAH with the participation and control of a specialized multidisciplinary team. If there are indications for bariatric intervention, VDKN should not be an absolute contraindication to such operations, and the ratio of the safety profile and the efficacy profile testifies in favor of the need for their implementation.

[Non-surgical treatment of staple-line suture leakage after redo sleeve gastrectomy]. / Endoskopicheskoe klipirovanie nesostoyatel'nosti linii steplernogo shva posle povtornoi prodol'noi rezektsii zheludka.

Redo bariatric procedures are common. However, redo sleeve gastrectomy is not a frequent case of repeated bariatric surgery and can be performed rather as a necessary measure in difficult intraoperative conditions. We report a patient who underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric band placement, its blockage and surgical removal, sleeve gastrectomy and redo sleeve gastrectomy. After that, staple-line suture failure developed that required endoscopic clipping.

Correction: Genotoxic effect of 2,2'-bis(bicyclo[2.2.1] heptane) on bacterial cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228525.].

Genotoxic effect of 2,2'-bis(bicyclo[2.2.1] heptane) on bacterial cells.

The toxic effect of strained hydrocarbon 2,2'-bis (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) (BBH) was studied using whole-cell bacterial lux-biosensors based on Escherichia coli cells in which luciferase genes are transcriptionally fused with stress-inducible promoters. It was shown that BBH has the genotoxic effect causing bacterial SOS response however no alkylating effect has been revealed. In addition to DNA damage, there is an oxidative effect causing the response of OxyR/S and SoxR/S regulons. The most sensitive to BBH lux-biosensor was E. coli pSoxS-lux which reacts to the appearance of superoxide anion radicals in the cell. It is assumed that the oxidation of BBH leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which provide the main contribution to the genotoxicity of this substance.

[Chemotaxis as a Mechanism of Locomotor Activity of Olfactory Cilia].

The article is devoted to a modern understanding of locomotor activity of olfactory cilia as a form of chemotaxis. It includes an analysis of published data and also the results of experimental research performed by the authors.

[Influence of transcranial electromagnetic brain stimulation on development of conditioned reflex in rats].

The influence of transcranial electromagnetic stimulation on the development of an active avoidance reflex with painful reinforcement in laboratory rats is investigated. It is shown, that an exposure of the rats' brain to electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter range ((λ = 5,6 and 7,1 mm), modulated as a series of low-frequency pulses, leads to a suppression of the development of the conditioned avoidance reflex occurred in 50% of cases. In other 25% of cases irradiation leads to inhibition of reflex development. Transcranial electromagnetic stimulation after intraperitoneal injection of the blocking agent of serotonergic receptors (kitryl) has no influence on reflex development. Electromagnetic brain stimulation does not influence reflex retention in the case when it has been acquired. Based on the data obtained it is assumed that transcranial electromagnetic stimulation promotes the development of serotonin, exerting an inhibiting effect on the formation of temporal bindings of the studied conditioned reflex.

[Respiratory and olfactory cilia molecular machines of locomotor apparatus].

Physical activity of respiratory and olfactory cilia of animals and humans in the context of L.A. Blumenfeld concept, according to which protein molecules are "machines that perform chemical transformation" and create "a meaningful order", has been investigated and analyzed.

[Fluorescence of mitochondrial respiration chain components in medical diagnostics].

The intrinsic fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavoproteins in animals and humans in the norm and in the development of pathological processes was studied. The results of the use of a fluorescent analysis in cancer diagnosis are represented.

Search for the Θ+ pentaquark via the π(-)p→K(-)X reaction at 1.92 GeV/c.

The Θ(+) pentaquark baryon was searched for via the π(-)p→K(-)X reaction with a missing mass resolution of 1.4 MeV/c(2) (FWHM) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). π(-) meson beams were incident on the liquid hydrogen target with a beam momentum of 1.92 GeV/c. No peak structure corresponding to the Θ(+) mass was observed. The upper limit of the production cross section averaged over the scattering angle of 2° to 15° in the laboratory frame is obtained to be 0.26 µb/sr in the mass region of 1.51-1.55 GeV/c(2). The upper limit of the Θ(+) decay width is obtained to be 0.72 and 3.1 MeV for J(Θ)(P)=1/2(+) and J(Θ)(P)=1/2(-), respectively, using the effective Lagrangian approach.

[The wavelet-analysis of non-stationary heart rate variability during out head-up tilt test].

Heart rate variability (HRV) during the head-up tilt test (HUT) was investigated using an automated set of dynamic positioning in the gravitational field. The theory of wavelets is applied to find the dynamics of changes in the spectral properties of rhythmogran during the transitional phases of HUT. Quantitative parameters (spectral integrals, instantaneous maximal frequencies, nonstationarity factors), that describe transitive stages of such non-stationary head-up tilt test, are calculated.

Effective viscosity of confined hydrocarbons.

We present molecular dynamics friction calculations for confined hydrocarbon films with molecular lengths from 20 to 1400 carbon atoms. We find that the logarithm of the effective viscosity η(eff) for nanometer-thin films depends linearly on the logarithm of the shear rate: log η(eff)=C-nlog ̇γ, where n varies from 1 (solidlike friction) at very low temperatures to 0 (Newtonian liquid) at very high temperatures, following an inverse sigmoidal curve. Only the shortest chain molecules melt, whereas the longer ones only show a softening in the studied temperature interval 0

[Effect of carcinogenic nitrogen-containing compounds on cell metabolism].

The brown frog (Rana temporaria) skin cells respiration, calcium metabolism and glycolysis, the tree frog (Hyla arborea) skin cells respiration and calcium metabolism were studied under short-term (first hours) and long-term (first days) exposure to nitrogenous compounds [N-nitroso-N-methyl urea (NMU) and thiourea (TU)]. The first direct effect of nitrogenous compounds exposure was cell breathing inhibition occurring in Rana temporaria skin cells after 28 days of exposure, and in Hyla arborea skin cells after 8 days of exposure. These changes were precided by decrease of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in Rana temporaria skin cells starting 16 days after NMU and TU introduction. The increase of intracellular calcium level was noted in tree frog skin cells 4-8 days after NMU and TU introduction, in brown frogs skin cells this parameter was unchanged.

[Unbiased criteria for estimation of the transition from unordered to ordered motor activity of the olfactory cilia].

Unbiased criteria (Lissajous figures, entropy, and harmonic spectra) have been developed to estimate the transition from an unordered to an ordered motor activity of olfactory cilia, which occurs by the action of odorants on flagellata.

[Mechanisms of social behavior of the vertebrate tissue cells: cultural models].

Morphogenetic interactions between cells in the organism are largely reproduced in the cell cultures of various types, in particular, in that of the epitheliocytes and fibroblasts. The cultured cells interact by means of receptors and ligands, which activate intracellular signal systems. Three microenvironment components (liquid medium, extracellular matrix, and intercellular contacts) play the role of such ligands. The ligands of liquid medium include hormones, growth factors, apoptosis factors and other molecules. Specific structures strongly tied with the cytoskeleton (with the actin one, first of all) use to appear during contacts with other cells and with the cellular base. Encounter between two fibroblasts or between two epitheliocytes causes local inhibiting of pseudopodial activity (so called contact paralysis). Regeneration of the connective tissue and the epithelial layer, as well as epithelial-mesenchimal transformation, is successfully reproduced in the cell culture. Incomplete epithelial-mesenchimal transformation seems to serve as a base for morphogenesis of various glands and lungs, as well as of angiogenesis.

[Physiology formation in St. Petersburg system of higher medical education].

This article is devoted to almost a century of history of teaching physiology at the St. Petersburg Medical (Hospital) Schools, Chief Medical College, and Medical-Surgical Academy before foundation of the independent department June 17, 1848. Strokes to portrait of the first professor of St. Petersburg Medical Schools I.-F. Schreiber who began to teach physiology as an independent discipline in 1754, are presented on the basis of the source material analysis. Thanks to this prominent pedagogue, likeminded friend A. Haller, who reformed physiological science in the XVIII century, its foundation took place simultaneously in Russia and in Western Europe. Further path of physiology development in Russia institutes of higher education was not like a highway and dependent mainly on weight of experiment in research studies and teaching. Experiment introduction to educational process predetermined establishment of the independent department of physiology.

[Two molecular motility systems of the frog olfactory cilia].

The motility of olfactory cilia of frog (Rana temporaria) was studied by vital video microscopy under an exposure to odorants: pentanol, camphor, cineole, vanillin (first group), ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide (second group) as well as inhibitors of cell respiration (rotenone and malonate). It was shown that olfactory cilia have both a dynein-tubulin and an actin-myosin molecular motility system. The first molecular motility system provides unordered movements and the second, ordered movements. Motility ordering occurs under the exposure to odorants. The effects of odorants of different groups on mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and olfactory cilia motility are different.

Frictional properties of confined polymers.

We present molecular dynamics friction calculations for confined hydrocarbon solids with molecular lengths from 20 to 1400 carbon atoms. Two cases are considered: a) polymer sliding against a hard substrate, and b) polymer sliding on polymer. In the first setup the shear stresses are relatively independent of molecular length. For polymer sliding on polymer the friction is significantly larger, and dependent on the molecular chain length. In both cases, the shear stresses are proportional to the squeezing pressure and finite at zero load, indicating an adhesional contribution to the friction force. The friction decreases when the sliding distance is of the order of the molecular length indicating a strong influence of molecular alignment during run-in. The results of our calculations show good correlation with experimental work.