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1.
Cardiovasc Res ; 80(1): 106-13, 2008 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18566101

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition reduces heart disease and vascular stiffness in hypertension and leads to kinin accumulation. In this study, we analysed the role and importance of two kinin receptor subtypes in angiogenesis during ACE inhibition in an in vitro model of angiogenesis of the mouse heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: First, we analysed the angiogenic properties of bradykinin and enalapril on wild-type C57Bl/6 and B2 receptor(-/-) mouse heart under normoxia (21% O(2)) and hypoxia (1% O(2)) in vitro and the contribution of B1 and B2 kinin receptors to this effect. Bradykinin induced dose-dependent endothelial sprout formation in vitro in adult mouse heart only under hypoxia (1.7 fold, n = 6, P < 0.05). The B2 receptor mediated sprouting that was induced by bradykinin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(164); n = 6, P < 0.05), but did not mediate sprouting that was induced by growth factors bFGF or PDGF-BB. Enalapril induced sprouting through both the B1 and B2 kinin receptors, but it required the presence of the B2 receptor in both scenarios and was dependent on BK synthesis. B1-receptor agonists induced sprout formation via the B1 receptor (2.5 fold, n = 6, P < 0.05), but it required the presence of the B2 receptor for them to do so. Both B2-receptor and B1-receptor agonist-induced angiogenesis required nitric oxide biosynthesis. CONCLUSION: The kinin B2 receptor plays a crucial role in angiogenesis that is induced by different vasoactive molecules, namely bradykinin, ACE inhibitors, B1-stimulating kinin metabolites, and VEGF164 in an in vitro model of angiogenesis of mouse heart under hypoxia. Therapeutic treatment of hypertensive patients by using ACE inhibitors may potentially benefit the ischaemic heart through inducing B2-dependent heart neovascularization.


Subject(s)
Heart/physiology , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Receptor, Bradykinin B1/physiology , Receptor, Bradykinin B2/physiology , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Animals , Bradykinin/physiology , Enalapril/pharmacology , Fibroblast Growth Factors/physiology , In Vitro Techniques , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Receptor, Bradykinin B1/agonists , Receptor, Bradykinin B2/agonists , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/physiology
2.
Hypertension ; 49(5): 1178-85, 2007 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17339539

ABSTRACT

Angiotensin II is a vasoactive peptide that may affect vascularization of the ischemic heart via angiogenesis. In this study we aimed at studying the mechanisms underlying the angiogenic effects of angiotensin II under hypoxia in the mouse heart in vitro. Endothelial sprout formation from pieces of mouse hearts was assessed under normoxia (21% O(2)) and hypoxia (1% O(2)) during a 7-day period of in vitro culture. Only under hypoxia did angiotensin II dose-dependently induce endothelial sprout formation, peaking at 10(-7) mol/L of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor blockade by losartan did not affect angiotensin II-induced sprouting in wild-type mice. Conversely, the angiotensin II type 2 (AT(2)) receptor antagonist PD 123319 blocked this response. In hearts from AT(1)(-/-) mice, angiotensin II-elicited sprouting was preserved but blocked again by AT(2) receptor antagonism. In contrast, no angiotensin II-induced sprouting was found in preparations from hearts of AT(2)(-/-) mice. Angiotensin II-mediated angiogenesis was also abolished by a specific inhibitor of the B2 kinin receptor in both wild-type and AT(1)(-/-) mice. Furthermore, angiotensin II failed to induce endothelial sprout formation in hearts from B2(-/-) mice. Finally, NO inhibition completely blunted sprouting in hearts from wild-type mice, whereas NO donors could restore sprouting in AT(2)(-/-) and B2(-/-) hearts. This in vitro study suggests the obligatory role of hypoxia in the angiogenic effect of angiotensin II in the mouse heart via the AT(2) receptor through a mechanism that involves bradykinin, its B2 receptor, and NO as a downstream effector.


Subject(s)
Angiotensin II/pharmacology , Coronary Vessels/drug effects , Coronary Vessels/physiopathology , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism , Receptor, Bradykinin B2/metabolism , Angiotensin II/administration & dosage , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hypoxia/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/deficiency , Receptor, Bradykinin B2/deficiency
3.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 39(5): 818-25, 2002 Mar 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11869847

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differences in the nitric oxide (NO) forming system between neutrophils obtained from patients during unstable angina (UA) and during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND: Neutrophils are involved in the regulation of thrombus formation through the release of active substances such as NO. Acute myocardial infarction is the result of an occlusive thrombus; unstable angina is attributed to intermittent thrombus formation. METHODS: We studied 49 patients admitted to hospital within 24 h after the onset of chest pain: 31 experienced AMI and 18 experienced UA. Acute myocardial infarction was defined as CK greater than two-fold the upper limit of normal value of biochemical laboratory, with CK-MB >10% total CK. Unstable angina was defined as transient ST segment changes without significant increases in CK and CK-MB. RESULTS: The amount of NO generated by neutrophils from AMI patients was significantly higher than that generated by neutrophils from UA patients. Neutrophils from UA and AMI patients showed low levels of endothelial-like NO synthase protein expression and a marked expression of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) isoform. Although neutrophils from patients during acute coronary syndromes generated high amounts of NO, they did not demonstrate an increased ability to stimulate cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) synthesis in platelets. This lack of activity to release NO by neutrophils from patients during AMI was unrelated to a defect in the platelet cGMP-forming system; sodium nitroprusside, an exogenous NO donor, similarly increased cGMP levels in platelets from AMI patients and healthy donors. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils from patients during AMI and UA showed an increased production of NO and a marked expression of the iNOS isoform. However, NO released from these neutrophils showed a deficient functionality. These findings could have clinical implications because they show differences in thrombus growth in patients with UA versus patients with AMI.


Subject(s)
Angina, Unstable/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Neutrophils/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Female , Humans , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Thrombosis/metabolism
4.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(4): 525-530, abr. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2651

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo. Estudios previos han demostrado que el losartán, antagonista de los receptores de tipo AT-1 de la angiotensina II (Ang II) podría bloquear al receptor del tromboxano A2 (TXA2) en la pared vascular.El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del losartán sobre la activación de plaquetas humanas. Materiales y métodos. Las plaquetas fueron obtenidas de 15 voluntarios sanos con edades comprendidas entre los 26 y 40 años. La activación plaquetaria fue medida por cambios en la transmisión de luz del plasma rico en plaquetas estimuladas por un análogo sintético del TXA2, el U46619 (5 × 10-6 mol/l).Resultados. El U46619 estimuló la agregación de las plaquetas, siendo significativamente inhibida por el losartán de manera dosis dependiente. Sólo dosis altas del EXP 3174, el metabolito hepático principal del losartán, consiguieron inhibir la activación plaquetaria inducida por el U46619. Captopril, inhibidor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, no fue efectivo en modificar la agregación plaquetaria inducida por el análogo del TXA2. A pesar de que las plaquetas expresan receptores de tipo AT-1 de la Ang II, la Ang II exógena no modificó la agregación plaquetaria inducida por U46619. La unión del U46619 a las plaquetas fue competitivamente inhibida por el losartán en forma dependiente de la dosis. Sin embargo, sólo dosis altas de EXP 3174 redujeron la unión del U46619. Captopril no modificó la unión del U46619 a las plaquetas. Conclusiones. Losartán disminuyó la agregación plaquetaria por un mecanismo dependiente de TXA2. El EXP 3174 demostró una menor potencia que losartán en reducir la activación plaquetaria por TXA2. El captopril y la Ang II exógena no tuvieron efecto sobre la activación de plaquetas humanas. Estos resultados sugieren que el losartán redujo la activación plaquetaria inducida por el TXA2 por un mecanismo independiente del bloqueo de los receptores de tipo AT-1 (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Humans , Thromboxane A2 , Tetrazoles , Platelet Activation , Receptors, Thromboxane , Losartan , 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid , Angiotensin II , Imidazoles
5.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(2): 205-211, feb. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2633

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos. Recientes estudios in vitro realizados en nuestro laboratorio demostraron que el triflusal reduce la agregación plaquetaria mediante la estimulación de la producción de óxido nítrico (NO) por los neutrófilos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si el tratamiento in vivo con triflusal también aumenta la capacidad de los neutrófilos de generar NO analizando el papel del NO liberado por los neutrófilos sobre la agregación y secreción plaquetaria. Métodos. El estudio se realizó en 12 voluntarios sanos de 32 ñ 6 años a los que se administró triflusal (600 mg/día) durante 5 días, extrayéndoles plaquetas y neutrófilos antes y después del tratamiento y midiéndoles su capacidad de producir NO, el porcentaje de agregación de sus plaquetas frente a ADP y la capacidad de liberar factor transformante del crecimiento (TGF- ). Resultados. Tras el tratamiento con triflusal se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: a) aumento de la producción de NO en los neutrófilos; b) potenciación de la inhibición de la agregación plaquetaria en presencia de neutrófilos, efecto que se revertía al incubar los neutrófilos con un antagonista de L-arginina, L-NAME, y c) la presencia de neutrófilos redujo la liberación del TGF- por las plaquetas determinado como medida de secreción plaquetaria, por un mecanismo independiente del NO. Conclusiones. Nuestro estudio demuestra que el tratamiento con triflusal (600 mg/día/5 días) estimula la producción de NO por los neutrófilos. Tras el tratamiento con triflusal los neutrófilos inhiben la agregación y la secreción de las plaquetas. El efecto antiagregante plaquetario demostrado por los neutrófilos fue dependiente del NO, pero no así la inhibición de la desgranulación plaquetaria (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Salicylates , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Neutrophils , Platelet Aggregation , Blood Platelets , Citrulline , Cyclic GMP , Transforming Growth Factor beta , Nitric Oxide , Guanosine Monophosphate
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