Analysis of occupational accidents for safety design.

BACKGROUND: Safety design covers proactive actions as it analyzes accident risks early in the enterprise life cycle, and considers the designer acting on accident prevention as a member of the construction team. OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes an accident investigation to establish links between accident causes and design to support Prevention through Design (PtD) tools. METHODS: This article analyzed more than a thousand severe and fatal accident cases in the construction sector. A systematic analysis method was structured based on descriptions of accident causes and measures that could be taken to avoid accidents. RESULTS: Analyzing the severe and fatal accidents, the safety measures implemented in the project design could avoid at least 23.6% of the events. As a result, the architectural and structural designs were more effective in accident prevention. The reference percentages and the design types that are more effective in preventing accidents are analyzed through a representative sample of the analysis of the accident. CONCLUSIONS: This research contributes to applying safety guidelines in design projects, directly assisting in project and construction management.

Association among 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype, and cardiometabolic markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus from regions with high solar incidence.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D status and hypertriglyceridemic-waist (HTW) phenotype and cardiometabolic markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in regions with high solar incidence (10° south). METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study, with 122 individuals with T2DM, of both sexes, aged between 19 and 59 years, residing in Sergipe/Brazil. Measurements included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, triacylglycerols, blood pressure, body mass index, %body fat, and waist circumference. Participants were classified by the presence or absence of the HTW phenotype, according to increased waist circumference and triacylglycerols concentrations. Logistic and linear regression models were applied to verify the association among the concentration of 25(OH)D, HTW phenotype, and lipid profile variables. RESULTS: Triacylglycerols concentrations (p = .013) and %body fat (p = .011) were higher in women with serum 25(OH)D insufficient/deficient than in those with adequate 25(OH)D levels. Individuals with serum 25(OH)D insufficiency/deficiency were 2.595 times more likely to present the HTW phenotype than those with adequate 25(OH)D levels (p = .021). Additionally, a negative association was observed between the concentration of 25(OH)D and total cholesterol (Beta = -0.204, p = .049). CONCLUSION: Insufficiency/deficiency of serum 25(OH)D in individuals with T2DM increases the chances of developing the HTW phenotype.

Supplementation of vitamin D isolated or calcium-associated with bone remodeling and fracture risk in postmenopausal women without osteoporosis: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Menopause and vitamin D deficiency increase bone reabsorption and bone fracture risk in women in postmenopause, and vitamin D supplementation may improve bone health and decrease bone fracture risk. This study aims to discuss the effect of vitamin D supplementation, isolated or calcium-associated, on remodeling and fracture risk bone in women in postmenopause without osteoporosis. This study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO database registration: CRD42022359796). A search was conducted in four databases and gray literature using MeSH and similar terms related to supplements, vitamin D, calcium, remodeling, and fracture bone, without the restriction of language and year of publication. A total of 3460 studies were identified, and nine were selected. Vitamin D supplementation increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ≥10 ng/mL and decreased parathyroid hormone secretion dependent on baseline levels. The doses of 400 IU of vitamin D improved the percentage of carboxylated osteocalcin, whereas 800 to 1000 IU combined with calcium resulted in reduced, improved, or maintained bone mineral density and reduced alkaline phosphatase levels. However, 4000 IU alone or combined with calcium for 6 mo did not improve C-telopeptide and procollagen type 1 peptide levels. Additionally, 15 000 IU/wk increased the cortical area of metacarpal bone, whereas 500 000 IU of vitamin D annually for 5 y did not contribute to reducing the fracture risk and falls. Only one study found a reduction in fracture risk (dose of 800 IU of vitamin D plus 1200 mg of calcium). Thus, the vitamin D supplementation, alone or calcium-associated, improved the status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone remodeling, but it was not possible to assert that it reduced fracture bone risk in postmenopausal women.

Digital tools for prevention through design application: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Prevention through Design (PtD) is a safety initiative that increases the ability of eliminating risks before construction. Implementing digital tools for PtD is an innovative way to help identify embedded risk in design phase by automating a process that is currently time consuming and extensively dependent on designers' experience. However, there is a lack of known digital safety tools available to professionals. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to systematically review published research on the development of digital tools for PtD in order to point out existing processes and limitations. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines were used to search publications in Scopus database. Initially, 148 publications were found, but after applying the filters, thirteen publications were read and included in this review. RESULTS: Quantitative results showed few publications and quantitative results detailed the studied digital tools workings and what limitations prevent their full implementation by designers. CONCLUSION: Although 53.84% of methods are automatic, existing barriers such as the inability to consider schedule, and to provide a complete database challenge the validity of these tools. Therefore, PtD still poses a research gap for future research on safety matters.

Magnesium Status and Dietary Patterns Associated with Glycemic Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Hypomagnesemia and unhealthy eating patterns are associated with poor glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to associate magnesium status and dietary patterns with glycemic control in T2DM individuals. This cross-sectional study included 147 individuals with T2DM, aged between 19 and 59 years, of both sexes, residents in Sergipe/Brazil. The BMI, waist circumference, %body fat, plasma magnesium, serum glucose, insulin, %HbA1c, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-c, and HDL-c were analyzed. Eating patterns were identified using a 24-h recall method. Logistic regression models were used to verify the association of magnesium status and dietary patterns with markers of glycemic control by adjusting for sex, age, time of T2DM diagnosis, and BMI. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Magnesium deficiency increased the chance of elevated %HbA1c by 5.893-fold (P = 0.041). Three main dietary patterns were identified: mixed (MDP), unhealthy (UDP), and healthy (HDP). UDP also increased the chance of elevated %HbA1c levels (P = 0.034). T2DM individuals' who presented magnesium deficiency had a higher chance of elevated %HbA1c levels (8.312-fold) and those in the lowest quartile (Q) of the UDP (Q1: P = 0.007; Q2: P = 0.043) had a lower chance of elevated %HbA1c levels. However, the lower quartiles of the HDP were associated with a greater chance of alterations in the %HbA1c level (Q1: P = 0.050; Q2: P = 0.044). No association was observed between MDP and the variables studied. Magnesium deficiency and UDP were associated with a higher chance of inadequate glycemic control in T2DM individuals.

Evidências científicas sobre comunicação com pacientes em unidades de terapia intensiva / Scientific evidence on communication with patients in intensive care units / Evidencia científica sobre la comunicación con pacientes en unidades de tratamiento intensivo

Introdução: O tubo endotraqueal bloqueia as pregas vocais quando o paciente está em ventilação, impossibilitando a fala. Muitos pacientes relatam que lutam para se fazer entender. Pacientes em unidades de terapia intensiva geralmente estão mais conscientes e alertas quando estão em ventilação mecânica do que em anos anteriores devido aos muitos benefícios potenciais de estarem sob menos sedação. Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento prévio sobre interação e comunicação entre profissionais de saúde e pacientes conscientes e alertas sob ventilação mecânica em unidades de terapia intensiva. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura seguindo as etapas de uma revisão integrativa. Estudos publicados entre 2017 e 2022 foram identificados em ferramentas e bases de dados: Scielo, Lilacs, Ibecs, Medline e PubMed. A primeira pesquisa retornou 1273 referências únicas. Os critérios de inclusão consistiram em estudos empíricos ou relacionados às interações entre profissionais de saúde e pacientes maiores de 18 anos em ventilação mecânica, escritos em inglês, espanhol ou português. A amostra foi composta por 8 artigos. Os descritores utilizados foram: experiências com comunicação, ventilação mecânica, trocas de comunicação, unidade de terapia intensiva, enfermagem, equipe multidisciplinar. Resultados: Uma variedade de meios de comunicação que parecem ter algum efeito sobre os pacientes devem ser disponibilizados nas unidades de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: Abordagens mais multidisciplinares em estudos futuros podem aprimorar o conhecimento na área. A educação em saúde do pessoal da unidade de terapia intensiva no uso de tais auxílios deve ser um campo prioritário, assim como a implementação de diversos meios de comunicação.

Introduction: The endotracheal tube blocks the vocal folds when the patient is ventilated, making speech impossible. Many patients report that they struggle to make themselves understood. Patients in intensive care units are generally more aware and alert when they are on mechanical ventilation than in previous years because of the many potential benefits of being under less sedation. Objective: To evaluate prior knowledge about interaction and communication between health professionals and conscious patients and alerts under mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. Method: This is a literature review following the steps of an integrative review. Studies published between 2017 and 2022 have been identified in tools and databases: Scielo, Lilacs, Ibecs, Medline and PubMed. The first survey returned 1273 unique references. The inclusion criteria consisted of empirical studies or studies related to interactions between health professionals and patients over 18 years of age on mechanical ventilation, written in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The sample consisted of 8 articles. The descriptors used were: communication experiments, mechanical ventilation, communication exchanges, intensive care unit, nursing, multidisciplinary team. Results: A variety of communication media that appear to have some effect on patients should be made available in intensive care units. Conclusion: More multidisciplinary approaches in future studies can improve knowledge in the area. The health education of the staff of the intensive care unit in the use of such aids should be a priority field, as well as the implementation of various means of communication.

Introducción: el tubo endotraqueal bloquea las uñas de la voz cuando el paciente está en ventilación, haciendo imposible el habla. Muchos pacientes informan que luchan por hacerse entender. Los pacientes en unidades de cuidados intensivos son generalmente más conscientes y alerta cuando están en ventilación mecánica que en años anteriores debido a los muchos beneficios potenciales de estar bajo menos sedación. Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento previo de la interacción y comunicación entre profesionales de la salud y pacientes conscientes y alertas bajo ventilación mecánica en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Método: Esta es una revisión de la literatura que sigue las etapas de una revisión integradora. Los estudios publicados entre 2017 y 2022 se identificaron en herramientas y bases de datos: Scielo, Lilacs, Ibecs, Medline y PubMed. La primera encuesta arrojó 1273 referencias únicas. Los criterios de inclusión consistieron en estudios empíricos o estudios relacionados con las interacciones entre profesionales de la salud y pacientes mayores de 18 años en ventilación mecánica, escritos en inglés, español o portugués. La muestra consistió en 8 artículos. Los descriptores utilizados fueron: experimentos con comunicación, ventilación mecánica, intercambios de comunicación, unidad de terapia intensiva, enfermería, equipo multidisciplinario. Resultados: En las unidades de cuidados intensivos debe estar disponible una variedad de medios que parecen tener algún efecto en los pacientes. Conclusión: La adopción de enfoques más multidisciplinarios en estudios futuros puede mejorar los conocimientos en la materia. La educación sanitaria del personal de la unidad de cuidados intensivos en el uso de esa ayuda debería ser una esfera prioritaria, al igual que la aplicación de diversos medios de comunicación.

First Report of Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis Causing Root Rot on Watermelon in Brazil.

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is an important crop in Brazil both for export and domestic consumption. In October 2019, watermelon plants showing decline and root rot symptoms were surveyed in 16 commercial fields in Baraúna's municipality (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). The disease prevalence was 12.5%, and the average incidence was 5%. Affected root segments were cut into small pieces and surface-disinfected with 70% ethyl alcohol and 1.5 % NaOCl for 1 and 2 min, respectively. Tissues were plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Fungal colonies developed from the infected tissues were dark or greyish, and pure cultures were obtained by hyphal tip isolation technique. Six fungal isolates with the same morphology were obtained. Two of them were selected for morphological and molecular characterization (CFC-1123 and CFC-1124). Isolates grew rapidly in PDA, covering the entire surface of the Petri dishes within 3 days. The aerial mycelium was initially white, turning dark greenish-gray after 4 to 5 days of incubation at 25°C in the dark. Isolates produced pycnidia and conidia in water-agar medium with sterilized pine needles after 30 days of incubation at 25°C under near-UV light. The conidia were initially hyaline and brown with central transverse septum and longitudinal streaks when mature. Conidia were ellipsoid to oval (22.83 ± 3.1 µm long and 11.58 ± 1.5 µm wide). Based on morphological features, the isolates were initially identified as Lasiodiplodia sp. (Phillips et al. 2013). To confirm the identification, genomic DNA was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as well as fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) and ß-tubulin 2 (TUB) genes were amplified using the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999) and Bt2a/Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson 1995), respectively. The sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers OL841380, OL865376 and OL890691 for CFC-1123, and OL841381, OL865377 and OL890692 for CFC-1124. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequences of ITS, TEF and TUB gene regions of some reference sequences and ex-types of Lasiodiplodia spp. was performed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates grouped in the L. brasiliensis clade (Netto et al. 2014) with 80/79% of bootstrap. The isolates were deposited in the Culture Collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi from Cariri (CFC) at the Universidade Federal do Cariri (Crato, Brazil). Pathogenicity of the two isolates was determined using colonized wheat grains as inoculum source. One watermelon seed (cv. Crimson Sweet) was placed in a sterile plastic pot (500-mL) filled with 6 cm layer of a substrate composed of soil and Tropstrato® (5:1 w/w). Three wheat grains (50 mg) colonized with each isolate were placed 10 mm above the seed and covered with the substrate. Control pots were inoculated only with sterile wheat grains. There were five replicates for each isolate. The pots with seedlings were maintained in a greenhouse at 28 ± 2°C under natural light conditions. The inoculated seedlings showed poor growth, withering and drying leaves 45 days after inoculation (DAI), and subsequently root rot symptoms and death at 60 DAI. Control seedlings remained asymptomatic. The pathogen was re-isolated from all inoculated seedlings and identified by conidia morphology to fulfill Koch's postulates. Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis has been reported to cause postharvest rot and gummosis of watermelon (Farr and Rossman 2022). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of watermelon decline caused by this fungus in Brazil and worldwide. This finding must be considered for developing efficient control strategies for the disease.

Role of food fortification with vitamin D and calcium in the bone remodeling process in postmenopausal women: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

CONTEXT: Foods containing vitamin D reduce the deficiency of this vitamin and improve bone turnover. OBJECTIVE: To discuss effects of the intake of vitamin D-fortified foods in isolated form or associated with calcium on bone remodeling in postmenopausal women. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Lilacs, Scopus, and Bireme databases. OpenThesis and Google Scholar were searched as "grey literature". Medical subject headings or similar terms related to food fortified with vitamin D and bone in postmenopausal women were used. DATA EXTRACTION: Information was collected on study methodology and characteristics of studied populations; dosage; the food matrix used as the fortification vehicle; duration of intervention; dietary intake; 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels; serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations; bone resorption and/or formation markers (ie, carboxy terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX], tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b [TRAP5b], and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP]); main results; and study limitations. DATA ANALYSIS: Five randomized controlled trials involving postmenopausal women were included. The mean ages of participants ranged from 56.1 to 86.9 years. Daily consumption of soft plain cheese fortified with 2.5 µg of vitamin D3 and 302 mg of calcium for 4 weeks resulted in a mean increase of 0.8 ng/mL in 25(OH)D and 15.9 ng/mL in P1NP levels compared with baseline, and decreased CTX, TRAP5b, and PTH values. A similar intervention for 6 weeks, using fortified cheese, showed a reduction only in TRAP5b values (-0.64 U/L). Yogurt fortified with 10 µg of vitamin D3 and 800 mg of calcium did not change P1NP values after 8 weeks of intervention, but was associated with decreases of 0.0286 ng/mL and 1.06 U/L in PTH and TRAP5b, respectively. After 12 weeks of eating the fortified yogurt, 25(OH)D levels increased by a mean of 8.8 ng/mL and PTH levels decreased in by a mean of 0.0167 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: The interventions contributed toward the improvement of the bone resorption process but not to the bone formation process in postmenopausal women. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019131976.

High-fat diet and caffeine interact to modulate bone microstructure and biomechanics in mice.

AIMS: Although excessive fat and caffeine intake are independent risk factors for bone microstructural and functional disturbances, their association remains overlooked. Thus, we investigated the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) and caffeine alone and combined on serum lipid profile, bone microstructure, micromineral distribution and biomechanical properties. METHODS: Forty female C57BL/6 mice were randomized into 4 groups daily treated for seventeen weeks with standard diet (SD) or HFD (cafeteria diet) alone or combined with 50 mg/kg caffeine. KEY FINDINGS: The association between HFD and caffeine reduced the weight gain compared to animals receiving HFD alone. Caffeine alone or combined with HFD increases total and HDL cholesterol circulating levels. HFD also reduced calcium, phosphorus and magnesium bone levels compared to the groups receiving SD, and this reduction was aggravated by caffeine coadministration. From biomechanical assays, HFD combined with caffeine increased bending strength and stiffness of tibia, a finding aligned with the marked microstructural remodeling of the cortical and cancellous bone in animals receiving this combination. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings indicated that HFD and caffeine interact to induce metabolic changes and bone microstructural remodeling, which are potentially related to bone biomechanical adaptations in response to HFD and caffeine coadministration.

Central cholinergic activation induces greater thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses in spontaneously hypertensive than in normotensive rats.

There is evidence that central cholinergic stimulation increases heat dissipation in normotensive rats besides causing changes on the cardiovascular system via modulation of baroreceptors activity. However, the contribution of the central cholinergic system on thermoregulatory responses and its relationship with cardiovascular adjustments in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), an animal model of reduced baroreceptor sensitivity and thermoregulatory deficit, has not been completely clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the involvement of the central cholinergic system in cardiovascular and thermoregulatory adjustments in SHRs. Male Wistar rats (n = 17) and SHRs (n = 17) were implanted with an intracerebroventricular cannula for injections of 2 µL of physostigmine (phy) or saline solution. Tail temperature (Ttail), internal body temperature (Tint), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR) and metabolic rate were registered during 60 min while the animals remained at rest after randomly receiving the injections. The variability of the SAP and the HR was estimated by the fast Fourier transform. Phy treatment began a succession of cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses that resulted in increased SAP, reduced HR and increased Ttail in both Wistar and SHRs groups. The magnitude of these effects seems to be more intense in SHRs, since the improvement of heat dissipation reflected in Tint. Taken together, these results provide evidence that hypertensive rats present greater cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses than normotensive rats after central cholinergic stimulation.

Complexidades do trabalho do agente comunitário de saúde com pacientes em uso de medicamentos / Community health agents and the complexities of the working with patients using medicines / Complejidad del trabajo del agente comunitário de salud con pacientes en uso de medicamentos

Resumo Os agentes comunitários de saúde representam importante elemento na gestão de informações sobre o uso de medicamentos na atenção primária, melhorando a interação da equipe de saúde com a comunidade. O objetivo do estudo foi revelar como o uso de medicamentos está presente na rotina deles e compreender as relações que se estabelecem entre agentes, usuários e equipe. Tratou-se de um estudo qualiquantitativo, com utilização de observação participante, entrevista semiestruturada e grupo focal. Foi desenvolvido em três unidades básicas de saúde em um município de Minas Gerais no período de março de 2013 a fevereiro de 2015. Os resultados revelaram que os agentes se relacionam constantemente com usuários que vivenciam problemas com o uso de medicamentos e apresentam dúvidas sobre suas indicações, efeitos esperados, reações adversas, entre outras. Eles realizam algumas intervenções diretamente com o usuário, porém preferem encaminhar os casos à equipe de saúde. Alguns agentes referiram-se ao farmacêutico como profissional de referência no tocante ao uso de medicamentos, mas a procura por esse profissional mostrou-se baixa pelos sujeitos do estudo. Ressalta-se a importância da formação do agente sobre utilização de medicamentos para instrumentalizá-los no reconhecimento de situações inadequadas, no desenvolvimento de intervenções com a equipe de saúde e no acompanhamento dos usuários.

Abstract The community health agents are an important element in the management of medication information in primary healthcare setting, improving healthcare team interaction with the community. The aim of this study was to reveal how the use of medicines is present in the routine of agentes and understand the relationships established between agents, users and healthcare team. This is a quantitative and qualitative study, using participant observation, semi-structured interview and focus group. This study was conducted at three basic health units in a municipality of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between March, 2013 and February, 2015. The results show that agents constantly relate with patients who experience drug therapy problems and have doubts about the indication, effects, adverse drug reactions, among other. They perform some interventions directly with the patient, but usually they prefer to refer cases to the healthcare team. Some agents said recognizing the pharmacist as a reference on medicines, but the demand for this professional was low by the subjects of this study. We emphasize the importance of the agents training on medication use to instrumentalize them to recognize problematic situations, to develop interventions with the support of the healthcare team and to follow up patients using medicines.

Resumen El agente comunitario de salud representa um elemento importante en la gestión de la información sobre el uso de medicamentos en la atención primaria, mejorando la interacción del equipo de salud con la comunidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue revelar cómo el uso de medicamentos está presente en la rutina de los agentes y entender las relaciones que se establecen entre agentes, usuarios y equipo de salud. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, utilizando la observación participante, entrevista semi-estructurada y grupos focales. Lo studio fue desenvolvido en tres unidades básicas de salud en um municipio de Minas Gerais, Brasil, en el período de marzo de 2013 a febrero de 2015. Los resultados muestran que los agentes se relacionan constantemente con usuarios que experimentan problemas con el uso de medicamentos y que tienen dudas acerca de la indicación de medicamentos, los efectos esperados, las reacciones adversas, entre otros. Los agentes realizan algunas intervenciones directamente con el usuario, no obstante prefieren referir los casos para el equipo de salud. Algunos agentes se refieren al farmacéutico como profesional de referencia con respecto al uso de medicamentos, sin embargo, la demanda de estos profesionales por los sujetos de este estudio fue baja. Se resalta la importancia de la formación de los agentes sobre el uso de medicamentos, para darles instrumentos en el reconocimiento de situaciones inadecuadas, el desarrollo de intervenciones con el equipo de salud y el seguimiento de los usuarios.

Atividade antidepressiva do extrato etanólico da Kielmeyera Rubriflora Cambes (Pau Santo) em camundongos / Actividad antidepressiva del extracto etanolico de la Kielmeyera Rubriflora Cambes (Pau Santo) en ratones / Antidepressant activity of Kielmeyera Rubriflora Cambes (Pau Santo) ethanolic extract on mice

Introdução: a Kielmeyera rubriflora Cambess, pertencente à família Clusiacea, é uma planta nativa do Vale do Jequitinhonha em Minas Gerais no Brasil, onde é utilizada na medicina caseira. É conhecida como Pau Santo, Rosa do Campo, Flor de Santa Rita ou Rosa do Cerrado. Entretanto, até o momento não existem dados disponíveis na literatura no que diz respeito a estudos farmacológicos desta espécie. A Kielmeyera coriácea também é uma planta nativa da região e já existem estudos revelando sua ação antidepressiva. Objetivo: avaliar a ação antidepressiva do extrato etanólico das partes aéreas da K. rubriflora em camundongos. Método: o extrato etanólico das partes aéreas foi administrado por v.o. nas doses de 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg e 500 mg/kg em camundongos albinos, suíços, machos, com idade entre 9 e 13 semanas, com peso entre 29 e 43 g. Para a investigação dos efeitos antidepressivos foram utilizados os testes de triagem farmacológica comportamental (administração aguda), nado forçado (administração crônica) e suspensão da cauda (administração crônica). Resultados: na triagem farmacológica comportamental, foram detectados efeitos de depressão do sistema nervoso central pela dose de 100 mg/kg e de estímulo do sistema nervoso central nas doses de 250 e 500 mg/kg. No teste da suspensão da cauda houve diminuição dose-dependente, porém não significativa do tempo de imobilidade. No teste de nado forçado houve diminuição significativa do tempo de imobilidade em todas as doses investigadas sugerindo atividade antidepressiva, principalmente na dose de 100 mg/kg. Conclusão: os dados encontrados sugerem ação antidepressiva do extrato etanólico das partes aéreas da K. rubriflora(AU)

Introducción: la Kielmeyera rubriflora Cambess, perteneciente a la familia Clusiaceae, es una planta nativa del Valle de Jequitinhonha, en Minas Gerais en Brasil, donde se utiliza en la medicina popular. Se le conoce como Pau Santo, Rosa do Campo, Flor de Santa Rita o Rosa do Cerrado. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no hay datos disponibles en la literatura con respecto a los estudios farmacológicos de esta especie. La Kielmeyera coriacea es también una planta nativa de la región y ya hay estudios que revelan su acción antidepresiva. Objetivo: evaluar la acción antidepresiva del extracto crudo de las partes aéreas de la K. rubriflora en ratones. Método: el extracto crudo de las partes aéreas se administró v.o. en dosis de 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg y 500 mg/kg en ratones albinos, suizos, machos, con edades comprendidas entre 9 y 13 semanas, con un peso entre 29 y 43 g. Para la investigación de los efectos antidepressivos se utilizaron pruebas de screening farmacológico de comportamiento (administración aguda), nado forzado (administración crónica) y suspensión de la cola (administración crónica). Resultados: en el screening farmacológico de comportamiento se detectaron efectos de depresión del sistema nervoso central por la dosis de 100 mg/kg y estimulación del sistema nervoso central con las dosis de 250 y 500 mg/kg. En el ensayo de suspensión de cola hubo una disminución dependiente de la dosis, pero no significativa en el tiempo de inmovilidad. En la prueba de nado forzado hubo una disminución significativa en el tiempo de inmovilidad en todas las dosis investigadas, sugiriendo actividad antidepresiva, en particular a una dosis de 100 mg/kg. Conclusión: los resultados sugieren la acción antidepresiva del extracto crudo de las partes aéreas de la K. rubriflora(AU)

Introduction: The Kielmeyera rubriflora Cambess, belonging to the Clusiaceae family, is a native to the Vale do Jequitinhonha in Minas Gerais in Brazil, where it is used in folk medicine. It is popularly known as Pau Santo, Rosa do Campo, Flor de Santa Rita and Rosa do Cerrado. However, so far there are no data available in the literature on pharmacological studies regarding this species. The Kielmeyera coriácea is also a native plant in the region and there are already studies revealing its antidepressant action. Objective: To evaluate the antidepressant action of the crude extract fron the aerial parts of K. rubriflora in mice. Method: The crude extract from the aerial parts was administered v.o. at doses of 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg in albino Swiss, male mice, between 9 and 13 weeks of age, weighing between 29 and 43 g. In order to the investigation of antidepressant effects, the behavioral pharmacological screening (acute administration), forced swimming (chronic administration) and tail suspension (chronic administration) tests were performed. Results: In the behavioral pharmacological screening were detected central nervous system depression effects with the dose of 100mg/kg and central nervous system stimulation with the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. In the tail suspension test, a dose-dependent, but not significant, decrease in the immobility time was observed. In the forced swimming test a significantly lower immobility time was observed at all doses investigated, suggesting an antidepressant activity, especially at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The results suggests an antidepressant action of the crude extract fron the aerial parts of K. rubriflora(AU)

Severe Calorie Restriction Reduces Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Protects Rat Hearts from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recent studies have proposed that if a severe caloric restriction (SCR) is initiated at the earliest period of postnatal life, it can lead to beneficial cardiac adaptations later on. We investigated the effects of SCR in Wistar rats from birth to adult age on risk factors for cardiac diseases (CD), as well as cardiac function, redox status, and HSP72 content in response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS AND RESULTS: From birth to the age of 3 months, CR50 rats were fed 50% of the food that the ad libitum group (AL) was fed. Food intake was assessed daily and body weight were assessed weekly. In the last week of the SCR protocol, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured and the double product index was calculated. Also, oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests were performed. Thereafter, rats were decapitated, visceral fat was weighed, and blood and hearts were harvested for biochemical, functional, tissue redox status, and western blot analyzes. Compared to AL, CR50 rats had reduced the main risk factors for CD. Moreover, the FR50 rats showed increased cardiac function both at baseline conditions (45% > AL rats) and during the post-ischemic period (60% > AL rats) which may be explained by a decreased cardiac oxidative stress and increased HSP72 content. CONCLUSION: SCR from birth to adult age reduced risk factors for CD, increased basal cardiac function and protected hearts from the I/R, possibly by a mechanism involving ROS.

Hipertensão: uma avaliação dietética de pacientes hospitalizados / Hypertension: a dietary evaluation of hospitalized patients

Fundamentos: O comportamento alimentar da população brasileira sofreu modificações expressivas, com crescimento do número de refeições fora de casa, redução no consumo das leguminosas, raízes e tubérculos e o aumento da aquisição de proteínas e lipídeos de origem animal, o que, associado a outros fatores, tem contribuído para a elevação na prevalência da hipertensão. Objetivo: Avaliar a ingestão de nutrientes com participação na regulação da Pressão Arterial (PA) em uma amostra de pacientes hipertensos hospitalizados. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com pacientes hipertensos hospitalizados, adultos e idosos. Foi usado Recordatório Alimentar de 24 horas (R24h) como inquérito alimentar nesses pacientes. Os macronutrientes foram avaliados por meio da AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribuition Range ­ Intervalo de Distribuição Aceitável de Macronutrientes) e o potássio (K) e o sódio (Na) por meio da AI (Adequate Intake ­ Ingestão Adequada). Para as inadequações dos nutrientes foi utilizado o método da EAR (Estimated Average Requirement ­ Necessidade Média Estimada). Resultados: Foi observado um reduzido consumo de minerais e vitaminas. A pesquisa também mostrou alta ingestão de carboidratos na maioria dos pacientes (96,36%) associado ao consumo inadequado de cálcio (Ca), zinco (Zn) e magnésio (Mg) em mais de 80% dos pacientes. Conclusão: Quanto melhor a ingestão, maior o impacto benéfico da dieta sobre a PA na população e maior a redução das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.

Background: The dietary behavior of the Brazilian population has undergone significant changes, with growth in the number of meals outside the home, reducing the consumption of legumes, roots and tubers, and increased acquisition of animal proteins and lipids, which, together with other factors, has contributed to the increased prevalence of hypertension. Objective: To evaluate nutrient intake with participation in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) in a sample of hospitalized hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted with hospitalized hypertensive patients, adults and seniors. It was used 24 hours Food Recall (24HR) as a dietary survey in these patients. Macronutrients were assessed by AMDR (Acceptable macronutrient distribuition Range) and potassium (K) and sodium (Na) in by AI (Adequate Intake). To the inadequacies of the nutrients we used the EAR method (Estimated Average Requirement ­ Need Estimated Average). Results: Reduced consumption of minerals and vitamins was observed. The research also showed high carbohydrate intake in most patients (96.36%) associated with inadequate intake of calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in over 80% of patients. Conclusion: The higher the intake, the greater the beneficial impact of diet on BP in the population and the greater the reduction of non-transmissible chronic diseases

Atividade ansiolítica do extrato bruto da Kielmeyera rubriflora Cambess (Pau Santo) em camundongos / Actividad ansiolítica del extracto crudo de la kielmeyera rubriflora (Pau Santo) en ratones / Anxiolytic activity of kielmeyera rubriflora (Pau Santo) crude extract on mice

Introdução: a Kielmeyera rubriflora Cambess, pertence à família Clusiaceae. É uma planta nativa da Região do Vale do Jequitinhonha em Minas Gerais no Brasil. É utilizada na medicina caseira, entretanto, até o momento não existem publicações de estudos farmacológicos a seu respeito. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos ansiolíticos do extrato da K. rubriflora sobre o sistema nervoso central de camundongos. Métodos: o extrato bruto das partes aéreas foi administrado de modo agudo por gavagem nas doses de 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg e 500 mg/kg em camundongos albinos, suíços, machos, com idade entre 9 e 13 semanas, com peso entre 25 e 40 g. Foram utilizados os testes de movimentação espontânea, potencialização do tempo de sono induzido por barbitúrico, placa perfurada e labirinto em cruz elevado. Resultados: o tempo de duração do sono não foi significativamente alterado por nenhuma das doses do extrato. Na ambulação houve aumento significativo nas doses de 100 e 500 mg/kg sugerindo efeito ansiolítico e diminuição significativa na dose de 250 mg/kg sugerindo efeito sedativo. No teste do labirinto em cruz elevado, houve diminuição do tempo de permanência nos braços fechados com a dose de 100 mg/kg e aumento significativo de entradas no braço aberto na dose de 250mg/kg sugerindo atividade ansiolítica. No teste da placa perfurada houve diminuição significativa de mergulhos de cabeça nas doses de 250 mg/kg e 500 mg/kg sugerindo ação sedativa e aumento significativo de mergulhos de cabeça na dose de 100 mg/kg sugerindo ação ansiolítica. Conclusão: os dados sugerem ação sedativa e ansiolítica dose-dependente do extrato bruto da K. rubriflora(AU)

Introducción: la Kielmeyera rubriflora Cambess, pertenece a la familia Clusiaceae. Es una planta nativa de la región del Valle de Jequitinhonha en Minas Gerais en Brasil. Se utiliza en la medicina popular, sin embargo, hasta el momento no existen publicaciones de estudios farmacológicos sobre esta especie. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos ansiolíticos del extracto de K. rubriflora sobre el sistema nervioso central (SNC) en ratones. Métodos: el extracto crudo de las partes aéreas se administró de forma aguda por sonda en dosis de 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg y 500 mg/kg en ratones albinos, suizos, varones, con edades comprendidas entre 9 y 13 semanas, con un peso entre 25 y 40 g. Se utilizaron las pruebas de movimiento espontáneo, potenciación de tiempo de sueño inducido por barbitúricos, placa perforada y laberinto en cruz elevado. Resultados: la duración del sueño no se alteró de manera significativo por ninguna de las dosis del extracto. La ambulación aumentó significativamente a dosis de 100 y 500 mg/kg, lo que sugiere un efecto ansiolítico y disminuyó significa a una dosis de 250 mg/kg que sugirió efecto sedante. En la prueba del laberinto en cruz elevado, hubo disminución del tiempo pasado en los brazos cerrados con la dosis de 100 mg/kg y aumento significativo de entradas en los brazos abiertos a una dosis de 250 mg/kg lo que sugere actividad ansiolítica. En la prueba de la placa perforada hubo una disminución significativa de inmersiones de cabeza en dosis de 250 mg/kg y 500 mg/kg, que sugirió una acción sedante y un aumento significativo en las inmersiones de cabeza a una dosis de 100 mg/kg lo que sugere una acción ansiolítica. Conclusión: los datos sugieren acción ansiolítica y sedante de manera dosis dependiente del extracto crudo de K. rubriflor(AU)

Introducción: la Kielmeyera rubriflora Cambess, pertenece a la familia Clusiaceae. Es una planta nativa de la región del Valle de Jequitinhonha en Minas Gerais en Brasil. Se utiliza en la medicina popular, sin embargo, hasta el momento no existen publicaciones de estudios farmacológicos sobre esta especie. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos ansiolíticos del extracto de K. rubriflora sobre el sistema nervioso central (SNC) en ratones. Métodos: el extracto crudo de las partes aéreas se administró de forma aguda por sonda en dosis de 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg y 500 mg/kg en ratones albinos, suizos, varones, con edades comprendidas entre 9 y 13 semanas, con un peso entre 25 y 40 g. Se utilizaron las pruebas de movimiento espontáneo, potenciación de tiempo de sueño inducido por barbitúricos, placa perforada y laberinto en cruz elevado. Resultados: la duración del sueño no se alteró de manera significativo por ninguna de las dosis del extracto. La ambulación aumentó significativamente a dosis de 100 y 500 mg/kg, lo que sugiere un efecto ansiolítico y disminuyó significa a una dosis de 250 mg/kg que sugirió efecto sedante. En la prueba del laberinto en cruz elevado, hubo disminución del tiempo pasado en los brazos cerrados con la dosis de 100 mg/kg y aumento significativo de entradas en los brazos abiertos a una dosis de 250 mg/kg lo que sugere actividad ansiolítica. En la prueba de la placa perforada hubo una disminución significativa de inmersiones de cabeza en dosis de 250 mg/kg y 500 mg/kg, que sugirió una acción sedante y un aumento significativo en las inmersiones de cabeza a una dosis de 100 mg/kg lo que sugere una acción ansiolítica. Conclusión: los datos sugieren acción ansiolítica y sedante de manera dosis dependiente del extracto crudo de K. rubriflora(AU)

Desnutrição: uma enfermidade presente no contexto hospitalar / Malnutrition: a disease found in the hospital setting

OBJETIVOS: Analisar as associações entre o diagnóstico do estado nutricional pelos métodos objetivos e subjetivos, o período de hospitalização e a faixa etária de pacientes hospitalizados em um hospital público de Sergipe. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com adultos e idosos hospitalizados no período de julho a setembro de 2013. Foram investigados a faixa etária, o tempo de internação e métodos antropométricos de peso, circunferência da cintura, circunferência do braço, prega cutânea tricipital, índice de massa corporal, circunferência muscular do braço e área muscular do braço corrigida. A avaliação subjetiva do estado nutricional foi feita por meio da Avaliação Subjetiva Global e da Mini Avaliação Nutricional. Foram selecionados voluntários com alimentação exclusivamente por via oral. Para análise estatística aplicou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher e a correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de 5% (p ≤0,05). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 100 pacientes de ambos os sexos, 70 adultos e 30 idosos, com idade média de 51,60±14,38 anos. Entre os pacientes avaliados, 57 (57%) estavam internados há menos de 15 dias. Constatou-se prevalência de desnutrição de 58% pela circunferência do braço, 73% pela área muscular do braço corrigida e 69% pela circunferência muscular do braço. A avaliação subjetiva identificou desnutrição em 49 (49%) dos indivíduos. Entre os idosos foram encontrados 13 (43,3%) com sobrepeso de acordo com o índice da massa corporal. CONCLUSÕES: Os parâmetros antropométricos e subjetivos de avaliação nutricional apresentaram divergências no diagnóstico final, confirmando a importância da utilização de mais de um método de avaliação para detecção de desnutrição hospitalar. Apesar da desnutrição ser prevalente em pacientes hospitalizados, o excesso de peso também foi encontrado, apontando para um processo de transição nutricional nesta população.

AIMS: To examine the associations between the diagnosis of nutritional status by objective and subjective methods, hospital length of stay, and the age of hospitalized patients in a public hospital in Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of adult and elderly patients hospitalized between July and September 2013. The following parameters were investigated: age, length of hospital stay, and anthropometric measurements, namely, waist circumference, midarm circumference, triceps skinfold, body mass index, arm muscle circumference, and corrected arm muscle area. The nutritional status was determined by subjective global assessment and mini-nutritional assessment. Volunteers who received exclusive oral feeding were selected. Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for the statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 5% (p ≤0.05). RESULTS: A total of 100 patients, 70 adults and 30 elderly individuals, both male and female, with a mean age of 51.60±14.38 years, were included in the study. Fifty-seven (57%) patients were in hospital for less than 15 days. The prevalence of malnutrition was detected as follows: 58% by midarm circumference, 73% by corrected arm muscle area, and 69% by arm muscle circumference. The subjective assessment revealed that 49 (49%) patients were suffering from malnutrition. Among elderly patients, 13 (43.3%) were overweight, according to the body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: The anthropometric and subjective parameters used to assess nutritional status led to different diagnoses, thus confirming the importance to use more than one method for detecting malnutrition in the hospital setting. Although malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalized patients, overweight is also found, indicating nutrition transition in this population.

Association of an oral formulation of angiotensin-(1-7) with atenolol improves lipid metabolism in hypertensive rats.

The ß-adrenergic blockers and antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are among the drugs that present better results in the control of cardio-metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the association of the ß-blocker, atenolol, and an oral formulation of Ang-(1-7) on lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The main results showed that SHR treated with oral formulation of Ang-(1-7) in combination to atenolol have an improvement of lipid metabolism with a reduction of total plasma cholesterol, improvement of oral fat load tolerance and an increase in the lipolytic response stimulated by the ß-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, without modification of resting glucose or insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. In conclusion, we showed that administration of an Ang-(1-7) oral formulation in association with a ß-blocker induces beneficial effects on dyslipidemia treatment associated with hypertension.

Epidemiological, parasitological and molecular aspects of Giardia duodenalis infection in children attending public daycare centers in southeastern Brazil.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors and genotype of Giardia duodenalis infection in children attending public daycare centers in the city of Araguari, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fecal samples were collected from 245 children aged 0-5 years, and questionnaires were asked about sociodemographic and hygiene-related characteristics. At the daycare centers where children tested positive, fecal samples were collected from the staff handling food, and from family members and domestic animals. Positive samples were analyzed at the dehydrogenase glutamate (gdh) locus to determine the genotype. The prevalence of G. duodenalis was 51.8%, and drinking unfiltered and unboiled water (OR 2.12, CI 1.26-3.69, p<0.001) and washing hands only with water (OR 2.14, CI 1.19-4.04, p<0.001) were related risk factors. No association was found between test-positive children and their family members, domestic animals and food handlers. An analysis of the sequences of 30 samples revealed that they all belonged to genotype B.

Perfil proteico do líquido folicular coletado de ovários em diferentes fases do ciclo estral de bovinos / Proteic profile of follicular fluid from ovaries in different phases of bovine estrous cycle

O microambiente do gameta feminino é o líquido folicular e, portanto, as proteínas ali presentes devem interferir na qualidade do oócito. Este experimento foi delineado com o objetivo de verificar o perfil proteico do líquido folicular de folículos em diferentes fases do ciclo estral de bovinos. Para tanto, os líquidos foliculares provenientes de ovários de vacas de abatedouro foram alocados em 5 diferentes fases do ciclo estral, levando em conta a presença ou ausência do corpo lúteo (CL) e sua caracterização morfológica. “Pools” de líquido folicular foram coletados de folículos de 2 a 7 mm de ovários em 5 diferentes fases do ciclo estral (1=CL inicial, hemorrágico; 2=CL em desenvolvimento; 3=CL maduro; 4=CL em regressão e 5=ausência de CL). O perfil proteico foi avaliado por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e determinado em porcentagens nas amostras de cada fase. Os polipeptídeos de 35, 32, 30 e 18 KDa variaram consideravelmente nas amostras. O polipeptídeo de mesmo peso molecular que o IGFBP-2 está mais presente nas amostras de líquido folicular ao final do ciclo estral. Maior número de polipeptídeos foi observado em folículos antrais pequenos de ovários em que o CL está em regressão.

The female gamete’s microenvironment is the follicular fluid. The proteins in the follicular fluid must interfere in the oocyte quality. The objective of this study was to verify the protein profile in the follicular fluid of different phases of bovine estrous cycle. The follicular fluid was taken from follicles of bovine ovaries obtained at slaughterhouse. The ovaries were classified into five different phases of estrous cycle, according to presence or absence of corpus luteum (CL) and the morphologic characteristics. Pools of follicular fluid were collected from follicles ranging from 2 to 7mm in diameter from ovaries in five different phases of estrous cycle (1=initial CL, hemorrhagic; 2= developing CL; 3= mature CL; 4=regressing CL and 5=absence CL). The protein profile was evaluated by poliacrilamide eletrophoresis and determined by percentages of samples from each phase. The polypeptides with molecular weigh of 35, 32, 30 and 18 KDa changed considerably in samples from different phases of estrous cycle. The polypeptide with the same molecular weight of IGFBP-2 is more observed in samples from follicular fluid in the end of estrous cycle. The most polypeptides were observed in small follicles from ovaries with regressing CL.