Basic life support training for health care students.

This paper describes a novel method for delivering basic life support training to undergraduate healthcare students. A comprehensive 8 h programme is organised and delivered by undergraduate students to their peers. These students have undergone training as basic life support instructors validated by the Royal Life Saving Society UK. The course is delivered to multiprofessional groups of medical, dental, physiotherapy, biomaterial and nursing undergraduates. It has been well received by students and academic staff and provides a solution to reduce the workload of over burdened clinical staff while at the same time enhancing quality. It forms part of an overall strategy for improving resuscitation training for undergraduates from all disciplines.

Neurological implications of aniseikonic tilts and stereoscopic completions through homogeneous visual space.

In 1965, it was first reported that BROKEN visual contours complete themselves in textured stereovision across empty or homogeneous space and that they do so strongly following directly the optics of crossed versus uncrossed disparities. The importance was then also noted of this completion effect for any neurophysiological model of stereovision. We now extend these measurements with several additional targets and to an analogous aniseikonic target, and confirm that the completion range has a maximum of about 5 degrees. There is much dependence upon target eccentricity and disparity sign, and some on size. That aniseikonic tilts may also be generated over this same range confirms the fact that global neurointegrative processes are of critical importance in all facets of stereovision, and in texture vision in general.

Special housing needs of the elderly patient.

The physician is increasingly asked to play a role in relocating elderly patients to special housing. The goal is to find the housing that is best suited to the patient's needs. Important factors to be considered are building design, sponsorship, financing and nonshelter services. Proper housing, with appropriate support services, enables the elderly to remain independent longer and contributes to their physical and mental health.

Complementary spatial locations, width, and disparity.

An alternative analysis is offered for human depth perception in addition to the depth cue of disparity. The new analysis considers locations both proximal and distal to the fixation point and offers an explanation as to why a stimulus presented at one disparity sign may be mistakenly considered to possess the opposite sign. Three descriptions of applications, the Pulfrich phenomenon, an interpretation of the Hornbostel effect (the three-dimensional Necker cube), and the determination of the limits of stereoscopic vision, are discussed. In addition the new analysis discloses a particular advantage of binocular over monocular vision which had not been appreciated formerly. The new analysis offers a powerful analytical tool of simple mathematical form. The means of conversion from the new analysis to and from disparity is included. In addition the similarity between the new approach and the classical lens equation is examined.

Transfer of age-associated restrained tumor growth in mice by old-to-young bone marrow transplantation.

B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma grow more slowly in aged mice. Immunesenescent changes may account for this age-related difference. To test for the effect of immune deficiency on the growth of these tumors, we treated young mice with an immunosuppressive dose of radiation and then observed tumor growth. We also radiated young mice to a higher (lethal) dose and then rescued them with either young or old bone marrow transfusion. Tumors grew more slowly in radiated mice than controls and in those reconstituted with old bone marrow. These findings support the concept of immunesenescent-related reduced tumor growth.

The electronic structure of Fe2+ in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. I. Static magnetization measurements.

We have measured the static magnetization of unreduced and reduced reaction centers that vary in their quinone content. Measurements were performed in the temperature range 0.7 degrees K less than T less than 200 degrees K and magnetic fields of up to 10 kG. The electronic g-value, crystal field parameters D, E, and the exchange interaction, J, between the quinone spin and Fe2+ were determined using the spin Hamiltonian formalism. The effective moment mu eff/Fe2+ of both reduced and unreduced samples were determined to be 5.35 +/- 0.15 Bohr magnetons. This shows, in agreement with previous findings, that Fe2+ does not change its valence state when the reaction centers are reduced. Typical values of D congruent to +5 cm-1 and E/D congruent to 0.27 are consistent with Fe being in an octahedral environment with rhombic distortion. The values of D and E were approximately the same for reaction centers having one and two quinones. These findings imply that quinone is most likely not a ligand of Fe. The Fe2+ and the spin on the quinone in reduced reaction centers were found to be coupled with an exchange interaction 0 less than /J/ less than 1 cm-1. The validity of the spin Hamiltonian was checked by using an orbital Hamiltonian to calculate energy levels of the 25 states of the S = 2, L = 2 manifold and comparing the magnetization of the lowest five states with those obtained from the spin Hamiltonian. Using the orbital Hamiltonian, we calculated the position of the first excited quintet state to be 340 cm-1 above the ground state quintet. This is in good agreement with the temperature dependence of the quadrupole splitting as determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy.

Psychosocial approach for long-term care.

Long-term institutional care in the United States is in the midst of crisis. One of the major reasons for the problems it is encountering is that care and financing mechanisms are structured in terms of the medical needs defined for acute care facilities rather than in terms of the psychosocial needs of long-term care facilities. If the dependency of elderly patients is to be reduced instead of fostered, public policy must become responsive to the true dimensions of long-term care.

Arousal and activity level of rats with lesions in the dorsal hippocampus.

The effect on gross locomotor activity of irrelevant stimuli, prior exposure to these stimuli and two dosages of amphetamine were assessed on rats with lesions in the dorsal hippocampus. These animals were significantly more active post-operatively than sham-lesioned subjects. Prior exposure to the irrelevant stimuli increased post-operative differentiation between stimuli, whereas the introduction of amphetamine had the reverse effect. Changes in locomotor activity occurred at lower dosages of amphetamine than in previous studies, suggesting that the irrelevant stimuli have an arousal effect which acts additively with amphetamine and hippocampal impairment.