Dynamic comparison the lower extremities length in students education in higher institutions.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: Dynamic comparison of the lower limbs length, depending on the type of sport, followed by the construction of a mathematical model for predicting sports abilities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The comparison of the lower limbs length in dynamics was carried out on 132 students of higher education institutions of Bukovyna. While the primary study was carried out during September-October 2021, next study of these same students was conducted in September-October 2022. The main group consists of 92 (69.7%) students, the control group - 40 (30.30%) students aged 16 to 18 years. All students underwent an anthropometric study (determination of the length of the lower limbs) according to the method of P.P. Shaparenka. The comparesment of anthropometric parameters in the main group depending on the type of sport used the Kruskel-Wallis test (non-parametric analysis of variance) in order to identify a reliable difference in the average indicators of the respondents depending on the type of sport (the median of the distribution was considered as a measure of central tendency). In order to establish which pairs of age groups had a statistical difference in the medians, the Conover-Iman test was used. A paired t-test (t-test of paired samples) was performed to compare the length of the respondents' lower limbs during the first measurement and again one year later. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the licensed RStudio program. RESULTS: Results: The distribution of the length of the right lower limb of the respondents of the main group by measurement shows that the average value of the length of the right lower limb has changed: a significant difference in the length of the right lower limb was found between the first (M = 88.812, SD = 5.287) and the second (M = 89.377, SD = 5.347) measurements; t (68) = -5.223, p < 0.001. The distribution of the length of the left lower limb shows that the average value of the length of the left lower limb has changed also: a significant difference in the length of the left lower limb was found between the first (M = 88.667, SD = 5.266) and the second (M = 89.435, SD = 5.309) measurements; t (68) = -8.289, p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In order to dynamically compare the length of the lower limbs for comprehensive control and selection of promising students in football, volleyball, handball and basketball, a mathematical model was derived for predicting the length of the lower limbs, in corresponding sports: right lower limb y = 0.506 x and left y = 0.507x, where y - is the length of the left lower limb, x - is the height. The coefficient of determination is 99.8%. A significant predictor for the length of both lower limbs is the height.

THE DETERMINATION OF HIP CIRCUMFERENCE IN THE MIDDLE OF YOUNG BOYS AND YOUNG GIRLS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF BUKOVINA DEPENDING ON THE SPORT TYPE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To find out the features of the hip circumference in the middle of both extremities by students of higher education institutions of Bukovina, depending on the sport type. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study of anthropometric parameters was conducted on 115 students of higher education institutions of Bukovina from 16 to 18 years where 78 (67.82%) - young boys and 37 (32.18%) - young girls. The main group of 75 (65.22%) students were represented by the first and the second year students of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Human Health of the Yuriy Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University, and control group consisted of 40 (34.78%) college students and students of the Stomatological Faculty of Bukovynian State Medical University. Among the students of the main group were - 57 (76.0%) young boys and 18 (24.0%) young girls who, in addition to physical activity, which was included in the program of their specialty, additionally engaged in the sports (football players, volleyball players, basketball players, handball players), the control group consisted of 21 (52.5%) young boys and 19 (47.5%) young girls who are busy with hours of physical education, according to the curriculum of their specialty and did not engage in additional sports. Anthropometric examination included the definition of total (height and body weight) parameters and partial (hip circumference in the middle third). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using a licensed program RStudio. RESULTS: Results: Based on the Kraskel-Wallis test, it was found that there is a significant difference in the average length of the hip circumference (in the middle third) on the left depending on the sport. Based on the Conover-Iman test, it was found that there is a significant difference for the pairs «basketball¼ - «handball¼, «control¼ - «handball¼, «football¼ - «handball¼, «volleyball¼ - «control¼, «volleyball¼ - «football¼, «volleyball¼ - «handball¼. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The model for predicting the length of the hip circumference (in the middle third) on the right has the form y = ß1 + ß2 + 0,328 * х1 - 0,167 * х2, on the left it looks like y = ß1 + ß2 + 0,451 * х1 - 0,179 * х2, where y is the girth of the thigh in the middle third, is the weight, х2 is the height. The coefficient ß1 = 58,181 for young girls and ß2 = 53,302 for young boys. Coefficient ß2 = 0 for the group «basketball¼, ß2 = - 3,358 for the group «control¼, ß2 = - 0,484 for the group «football¼, ß2 = - 1,991 for the group «handball¼, ß2 = - 0,824 for the group «volleyball¼.

ESTABLISHMENT OF TYPES OF THE CONSTITUTIONS IN STUDENTS-ATHLETES AND IN STUDENTS-MEDICISTS WITH THEIR FURTHER ANALYSIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Establishing anthropometric parameters and determining the patterns of formation of types of constitution in students-athletes and medical students while studying in higher education. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We conducted a study of anthropometric parameters on 129 first and second year students of higher educational institutions in Chernivtsi (aged 16 to 21). The vast majority of students - 121 (93.8%), were from 17 to 19 years, 16 years - 5 (3.9%), 21 years - 2 (1.5%), 21 years - 1 student (0.8 %). Of these, 83 (64.4%) were male and 46 (35.6%) were female. All respondents are divided into two groups: the main group - 89 (69%), control group - 40 (31%). Among the students of the main group there were 62 (69.7%) male and 27 (30.3%) female. The control group consists of 21 (52.5%) men and 19 (47.5%) women. Students of the main group, in addition to physical activity, which was included in the program of their specialty, additionally engaged in the following sports: football - 40 (44.9%) students, volleyball - 18 (20.3%), tennis - 10 (11.2 %), fitness - 9 (10.1%), basketball - 7 (7.9%), freestyle wrestling - 5 (5.6%).All students underwent anthropometric research, according to the method of VV Bunak in the modification by PP Shaparenko. Anthropometric survey included the definition of total (length and body weight) and partial dimensions - longitudinal, transverse, circumferential. Determination of the somatotype was performed by MV Chornorutsky based on the Pinier index L - (P + T), L - body length, P - weight, T - chest circumference. In hypostenics (asthenics) this index is more than 10, in hypersthenics less than 10, in normosthenics in the range from 10 to 30 and according to V.M. Shevkunenko, where Ind: length of the lower limb / height x 100. Based on the index, dolichomorphic type of structure of the lower limb corresponds to a value greater than 55, from 50 to 55 indicates a mesomorphic (middle) type of structure of the lower limb. If the figure is less than 50 - brachymorphic type of structure. RESULTS: Results: The probable difference of types of the constitution of students of the main group for MV Chornorutsky on the based the Pinier index and VM Shevkunenko, using the Shevkunenko index. So, between the asthenic type and the hypersthenic type of constitution, because in the main group, according to the Pinier index of asthenics - 26 (29.2%), while according to the Shevkunenko index - 3 (3.4%). Hypertensives according to the Pinier index are - 9 (10.1%), on the difference according to the Shevkunenko index - 25 (28%). The result of a study of students in the control group based on the Pinier index by MV Chornorutsky, and according to VM using the Shevkunenko index, Shevkunenko also showed a significant difference for all types of constitution: according to the Pinier index of normosthenics - 23 (57.5%), while according to the Shevkunenko index - 19 (47,%), according to the Pinier index - 7 (17.5%) - hypertensive, according to the Shevkunenko index - 25 (28%), according to MV Chornorutsky, asthenics - 10 (25%) at the same time as according to Shevkunenko dolichomorphic type of constitution in students of the control group, was not observed during the study. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: There is a significant discrepancy in terms of determining the types of constitution, according to MV Chornorutsky, based on the Pinier index and VM Shevkunenko, using the Shevkunenko index. Based on this, it is necessary to further study this issue because the criteria and methods of evaluation, indices, analysis of index results and in order to find common approaches to the methodology of establishing the types of constitution remain unrelated.

Low-Temperature Reduction of Graphene Oxide: Electrical Conductance and Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy.

Graphene oxide (GO) films were formed by drop-casting method and were studied by FTIR spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy (mRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), four-points probe method, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning Kelvin probe force (SKPFM) microscopy after low-temperature annealing at ambient conditions. It was shown that in temperature range from 50 to 250 °C the electrical resistivity of the GO films decreases by seven orders of magnitude and is governed by two processes with activation energies of 6.22 and 1.65 eV, respectively. It was shown that the first process is mainly associated with water and OH groups desorption reducing the thickness of the film by 35% and causing the resistivity decrease by five orders of magnitude. The corresponding activation energy is the effective value determined by desorption and electrical connection of GO flakes from different layers. The second process is mainly associated with desorption of oxygen epoxy and alkoxy groups connected with carbon located in the basal plane of GO. AFM and SKPFM methods showed that during the second process, first, the surface of GO plane is destroyed forming nanostructured surface with low work function and then at higher temperature a flat carbon plane is formed that results in an increase of the work function of reduced GO.