Factors influencing the positivity of diagnostic tests for congenital syphilis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the positivity of treponemal and non-treponemal tests in cases of congenital syphilis. METHODS: This cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out from the analysis of the database of Disease and Notification Information System (SINAN, in Portuguese) using the data obtained through the Epidemiological Surveillance Group 29, with 639 notifications of congenital syphilis between 2007 and 2018. The data were analyzed by a descriptive and inferential analysis from logistic regression with a significance level of 5% (p≤0.05). RESULTS: The positivity of the treponemal test was higher by 4.5 times in infants living in rural areas and 19.6 times among those whose mothers obtained the diagnosis of syphilis after birth. The treponemal test showed positivity 3.2 times higher for the variable "having been diagnosed between 2007 and 2015" and 5.5 times higher for the variable "having been diagnosed with maternal syphilis in the postpartum period." CONCLUSION: This study shows that testing during prenatal care is essential for early diagnosis and prevention of syphilis complications.

How to choose the appropriate cannulation technique for vascular access in hemodialysis patients.

The cannulation technique is important for the survival of the arteriovenous access. Choosing the appropriate technique is a complex decision. Such choice must be customized to patients, considering their characteristics, the type of arteriovenous access and the experience of the hemodialysis team. We describe seven items that can help nurses to identify the appropriate cannulation technique: type of arteriovenous access; drainage vein; hygienic self-care profile; experience of the nursing staff in the cannulation technique and nurse-to-patient ratio; hemodialysis treatment method; patient's condition; and patient's decision. Such items can help nurses in decision-making on the "ideal" cannulation technique for each patient.

Effects of demographic and clinical character on differences in self-care behavior levels with arteriovenous fistula by hemodialysis patients: An ordinal logistic regression approach.

INTRODUCTION: Hemodialysis (HD) patients should be trained to develop self-care behaviors in order to prevent and preserve their arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The aim of this study was identifying the factors that affect the levels of self-care behavior with AVF by HD patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 89 patients. RESULTS: Self-care levels were negatively affected by patients' location (Azores) and positively affected by marital status, education, employment, AVF duration, and absence of complications with the AVF. Concerning the management of signs and symptoms, self-care levels were negatively affected by patients' location. Regarding prevention of complications, self-care levels were negatively affected by age and marital status and positively affected by marital status, employment, chronic kidney disease etiology, AVF duration, and previous AVF. CONCLUSION: Further studies are required in order to confirm whether the considered factors affect levels of self-care behaviors with AVF, or whether other factors are needed as well.

Scale of Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis: A Psychometric Study in Brazil.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Scale for the Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis. Cross-sectional validation study, followed the recommendation provided by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat. Content validity, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses used to check validity and Cronbach's alpha was the reliability measure. Three hundred hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula were included in the study. The expert committee assessed the content validity. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the same two-factor structure found for the original scale, explaining 60.10% of the variance. Such solution was checked by confirmatory factor analysis with Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.920, 0.810, and 0.884 for the overall scale, the self-care in management of signs and symptoms and the self-care in prevention of complications subscales respectively. The scale has good psychometric properties to assess self-care behaviors and can be used with Brazilian patients on hemodialysis with arteriovenous fistula.

Investigating the Effect of a Structured Intervention on the Development of Self-Care Behaviors With Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a structured intervention on the frequency of self-care behaviors with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) by patients on hemodialysis. This is a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-measurements. Participants were assigned to an intervention group (IG) (n = 48) or to a control group (CG) (n = 41). IG patients were subject to a structured intervention on self-care with AVF (SISC-AVF) consisting of both a theoretical and a practical part. After SISC-AVF application, patients in the IG showed better overall self-care behaviors with AVF than patients in the CG (79.2% and 91.4%, respectively, p < .001) as well as better self-care concerning both the management of signs and symptoms (90.1% and 94.4% respectively, p = .004) and the prevention of complications (72.7% and 89.5%, respectively, p < .001). The study results suggest that the SISC-AVF had positive effects on patients in the IG.

Vínculo de las puérperas con sus hijos y experiencias del parto / Vinculação das puérperas com seus filhos e experiências do parto / Puerperae bonding with their children and labor experiences

Objective. To analyze the degree of bonding of puerperae with their babies, both in isolation and associated with experiences during and after labor. Methods. A cross-sectional study carried out among 200 puerperae in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. To evaluate the mother-child bond, we used the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS). Results. The mean age of puerperae was 26.4 years; most women were white (60.0%), were married (87.5%), and had an elementary education (51.5%). Most deliveries were cesarean (80.0% of cases); 68.0% of women had no pain during labor, and only 54% had skin-to-skin contact immediately after delivery. Type of labor and pain did not significantly change the maternal bond, and the lack of skin-to-skin contact negatively influenced the bond. Conclusion. Pueperae participants had a high degree of bonding with their babies that is mainly related to history of skin-to-skin contact. Nurses must promote strategies that encourage skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn in the delivery room. (AU)

Objetivo. Analizar el vínculo de las puérperas con sus hijos asociado a las experiencias durante y después del parto. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal realizado con la participación de 200 puérperas de un Hospital Materno-Infantil de São José do Rio Preto-SP, Brasil. Para la evaluación del vínculo madre-hijo se utilizó la escala Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS). Resultados. Las puérperas tenían una media de edad de 26.4 años, predominó la raza blanca (60.0%), estado civil casada (87.5%) y enseñanza media (51.5%). El parto fue por cesárea en el 80.0% de los casos, hubo ausencia de dolor durante el trabajo de parto en 68.0% y solo el 54% efectuó contacto piel a piel inmediatamente después del parto. En cuanto a la MIBS, se encontraron puntajes elevados para el vínculo positivo y bajos puntajes para vínculo negativo y neutro. El tipo de parto y el dolor no se asoció al vínculo madre-hijo, pero la ausencia de contacto piel a piel influenció de forma negativa este vínculo. Conclusión. Las puérperas respondientes presentaron un elevado grado de vínculo con sus bebés el cual se relacionó principalmente con el antecedente de contacto piel a piel. Las enfermeras deben fomentar las estrategias que promuevan el contacto piel a piel de la madre con el recién nacido desde la sala de partos.(AU)

Objetivo. Analisar o grau de vinculação das puérperas com seus filhos, tanto isoladamente quanto associado às experiências durante e após o parto. Métodos. Estudo de corte transversal, realizado com a participação de 200 puérperas de uma maternidade de São José do Rio Preto, Brasil. Para a avaliação do vínculo mãe-filho utilizou-se a escala Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS). Resultados. A média de idade das puérperas foi de 26.4 anos, com predomínio da raça branca (60.0%), o estado civil casadas (87.5%) e ensino médio (51.5%). O parto foi por cesárea em 80.0% dos casos, houve ausência de dor durante o trabalho de parto em 68.0% e apenas 54% efetuaram contato pele a pele imediatamente após o parto. O tipo de parto e a dor não alteraram de forma significativa o vínculo materno, a ausência de contato pele a pele influenciou de forma negativa este vínculo. Conclusão. As puérperas participantes apresentaram um alto grau de vínculo com seus bebês que está relacionado principalmente a uma história de contato pele a pele. Enfermeiros devem promover estratégias que promovam o contato pele a pele entre mãe e recém-nascido na sala de parto.

Conhecimento sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar dos profissionais da saúde da emergência pediátrica / Knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among pediatric emergency staff / Conocimento sobre resucitación cardiopulmonar de los profesionales de salud de la emergencia pediátrica

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento da equipe de saúde da emergência pediátrica sobre as novasdiretrizes de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, de análise quantitativa, que utilizou um questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados, realizado no mês de setembro de 2011. Foram 45 participantes: seismédicos, 10 residentes e sete internos da medicina, oito enfermeiros, um técnico e 13 auxiliares de enfermagem da emergência pediátrica, de hospital de ensino do interior Estado de São Paulo. Dos profissionais avaliados, 71,1% deles responderam que conheciam as novas diretrizes. A questão mais acertada foi a principal causa de parada cardiopulmonar na pediatria e a menosacertada relacionava a profundidade das compressões torácicas. Conclui-se que os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de intervenções de educação permanente para a melhoria da prática da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar.

This descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study assessed pediatric emergency staff’s knowledge of the newguidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Data were collected by questionnaire, in September 2011, from the 45 participants: 6 physicians, 10 residents and 7 medical interns, 8 nurses, 1 technician and 13 nursing auxiliaries of the pediatric emergency department at a teaching hospital in São Paulo State, 71.1% of whom responded that they knew the new guidelines. The question most often answered correctly was the main cause of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest and the least often, the depth for chest compressions. It was concluded that the results demonstrated the need for continuous education interventions to improve the practice of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el conocimiento del equipo de salud de la emergencia pediátrica sobre lasnuevas directrices para la resucitación cardiopulmonar. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal, de análisis cuantitativo, que utilizó un cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de datos hecho en septiembre de 2011. Fueron 45 participantes: 6 médicos, 10 residentes y siete internos de medicina, ocho enfermeros, uno técnico y 13 auxiliares de enfermería de emergenciapediátrica de hospital universitario del interior del Estado de São Paulo - Brasil. De la población de estudio, 71,1% dijeron que conocen las nuevas directrices. La cuestión de mayor éxito fue la principal causa de la parada cardiopulmonar en la pediatría y la menos acertada relacionava la profundidad de las compresiones toráxicas. Se concluye que los resultadosdemuestran la necesidad de educación permanente para la mejora en la práctica de la reanimación cardiopulmonar.