ABSTRACT
We focused on carers of subjects suffering from eating disorders (ED), and studied the characteristics that mostly expose them to high levels of stress, anxiety, depression and expressed emotion, favoring the accommodation of the family system to the cared person. We administered the accommodation and enabling scale for eating disorders (AESED) questionnaire, the family questionnaire (FQ) and the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) questionnaire to 97 carers of 62 ED patients, and investigated the carer's characteristics associated with the scores in the three questionnaires. A personal history of ED, being the primary carer, and caring for a person with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa are the characteristics that contribute most to aggravate the carers' burden in terms of stress, anxiety, depression, accommodation and enabling. Our findings may help doctors to provide effective support to caregivers and eventually improve the treatment of subjects with ED.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/psychology , Caregivers/psychology , Depression/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/nursing , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Adolescent , Anorexia Nervosa/nursing , Expressed Emotion , Family Relations/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Parents/psychologyABSTRACT
Expressed Emotion (EE) refers to the emotional behavior and patterns of communication of relatives toward patients, and it is a strong predictor of illness outcome across a variety of psychiatric disorders. The aims of the present study were to provide a contribution for the Italian validation of the Family Questionnaire (FQ), developed by Wiedemann et al. (2002). The FQ is a self-report questionnaire to assess the EE construct. Specifically, the present study aims to examine the psychometric properties (factorial structure, internal consistency and concurrent validity) of the Italian version of the FQ and to explore the differences between mothers' and fathers' emotional responses to patients with eating disorders. The sample was composed of 199 carers of patients with eating disorders (80 males and 119 females, M ageâ¯=â¯49.63, SDâ¯=â¯6.24). Confirmatory Factor Analyses verified the original two-factor structure. The internal consistency coefficients of the two FQ dimensions were satisfactory. Further, the present study provided support for the concurrent validity of FQ, also within the Italian context.
Subject(s)
Caregivers/psychology , Expressed Emotion , Family/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adult , Communication , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Fathers/psychology , Female , Humans , Italy , Language , Male , Middle Aged , Mothers/psychology , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , TranslationsABSTRACT
Levantamentos sobre o uso de álcool mostram que o consumo dessa substância começa na adolescência. É comum, nessa etapa do desenvolvimento, algumas pessoas apresentarem sintomas depressivos. A combinação do uso de álcool e sintomas depressivos pode afetar o desenvolvimento cognitivo e escolar de estudantes. Esta pesquisa visa identificar e discutir a relação entre o uso de álcool pelos adolescentes, a depressão e a consequência desse uso no desenvolvimento cognitivo. Participaram da pesquisa 127 alunos de duas escolas do interior do Estado de São Paulo, que responderam ao Audit, o BDI e Provas para o Desenvolvimento Operatório. Resultados mostram que o consumo de álcool em excesso é significativo, mas não se observou relação entre o uso de álcool, sintomas depressivos e o baixo rendimento cognitivo.(AU)
Surveys on alcohol use show that people usually begin using this substance as adolescents. In this stage of development, it is common for some people to show depressive symptoms. The combination of alcohol and depressive symptoms may affect students cognitive and school development. This study aims at identifying and discussing on the relationship between alcohol use in adolescents, depression and the consequences on cognitive development. Participants were 127 students of two schools in the state of São Paulo, who answered the AUDIT, the BDI and Tests for Operatory Development. Results show that excessive alcohol use is significant, but we did not observe a relationship between alcohol use, depressive symptoms and low cognitive performance.(AU)
Datos sobre el consumo de alcohol demuestran que el uso de esa sustancia comienza en la adolescencia. Es común, en esa etapa del desarrollo, que algunas personas presenten síntomas depresivos. La combinación del consumo de alcohol y síntomas depresivos puede afectar el desarrollo cognitivo y escolar de estudiantes. Esta investigación apunta a identificar y discutir la relación entre el consumo de alcohol por parte de los adolescentes, la depresión y la consecuencia del consumo en el desarrollo cognitivo. Participaron de la investigación 127 alumnos de dos escuelas del interior del estado de San Pablo, que respondieron el AUDIT, el BDI y Pruebas para el Desarrollo Operatorio. Los resultados demuestran que el consumo excesivo de alcohol es significativo, pero no observamos una relación entre ingesta de alcohol, síntomas depresivos y el bajo rendimiento cognitivo.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Alcoholism , Alcoholic Beverages/adverse effects , Depression , Cognition DisordersABSTRACT
Levantamentos sobre o uso de álcool mostram que o consumo dessa substância começa na adolescência. É comum, nessa etapa do desenvolvimento, algumas pessoas apresentarem sintomas depressivos. A combinação do uso de álcool e sintomas depressivos pode afetar o desenvolvimento cognitivo e escolar de estudantes. Esta pesquisa visa identificar e discutir a relação entre o uso de álcool pelos adolescentes, a depressão e a consequência desse uso no desenvolvimento cognitivo. Participaram da pesquisa 127 alunos de duas escolas do interior do Estado de São Paulo, que responderam ao Audit, o BDI e Provas para o Desenvolvimento Operatório. Resultados mostram que o consumo de álcool em excesso é significativo, mas não se observou relação entre o uso de álcool, sintomas depressivos e o baixo rendimento cognitivo.
Surveys on alcohol use show that people usually begin using this substance as adolescents. In this stage of development, it is common for some people to show depressive symptoms. The combination of alcohol and depressive symptoms may affect students cognitive and school development. This study aims at identifying and discussing on the relationship between alcohol use in adolescents, depression and the consequences on cognitive development. Participants were 127 students of two schools in the state of São Paulo, who answered the AUDIT, the BDI and Tests for Operatory Development. Results show that excessive alcohol use is significant, but we did not observe a relationship between alcohol use, depressive symptoms and low cognitive performance.
Datos sobre el consumo de alcohol demuestran que el uso de esa sustancia comienza en la adolescencia. Es común, en esa etapa del desarrollo, que algunas personas presenten síntomas depresivos. La combinación del consumo de alcohol y síntomas depresivos puede afectar el desarrollo cognitivo y escolar de estudiantes. Esta investigación apunta a identificar y discutir la relación entre el consumo de alcohol por parte de los adolescentes, la depresión y la consecuencia del consumo en el desarrollo cognitivo. Participaron de la investigación 127 alumnos de dos escuelas del interior del estado de San Pablo, que respondieron el AUDIT, el BDI y Pruebas para el Desarrollo Operatorio. Los resultados demuestran que el consumo excesivo de alcohol es significativo, pero no observamos una relación entre ingesta de alcohol, síntomas depresivos y el bajo rendimiento cognitivo.