Germ Cell Neoplasia in Situ Recognized Incidentally with Complaining of Discomfort in the Right Testis: A Case Report.

A 27-year-old man experienced discomfort in his right testis in early September, 2021, and visited the hospital five days later. Physical examination did not detect any abnormalities in the scrotum. However, an ultrasound revealed a tumor in the central part of the right testis, and a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed a tumor 2.7cm in diameter with clear boundaries and a marginally smooth surface. The level of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin-ß subunit, and lactate dehydrogenase were within normal limits. A Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed no abnormalities. We can't rule out the possibility of malignancy, right radical orchiectomy was performed with a diagnosis of right testicular tumor in mid-September 2021. The macroscopic lesion was 1.5×1.3 cm in size, and no viable tumorous cells were found pathologically. Atypical cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules from the spermatic cord, which were positively stained with immune-histochemical staining CD117 (c-kit), D2-40, and MIB-1 but negatively with alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin-ß subunit. The pathological diagnosis was germ cell neoplasia in situ, and no continuity was observed between these cells and bleeding necrosis. The patient has been followed up for 1 year and 4 months after surgery, with no recurrence or metastasis observed.

National survey of bladder endometriosis cases in Japan.

AIM: We aimed to describe the clinical presentation, operative or medical management, and postoperative recurrence of bladder endometriosis (BE). METHODS: We conducted a national survey to investigate BE cases from 2006 to 2016 in Japan. Histologically diagnosed cases were extracted and then investigated for the following factors: age at diagnosis, body mass index, symptoms, imaging modalities, surgical therapy, hormonal therapy, follow-up period, and postoperative recurrence. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients with pathologically benign BE were identified. Eighty patients underwent surgery, whereas nine did not. Moreover, 34 and 44 patients underwent transurethral resection (TUR) and partial cystectomy (PC), respectively. Cumulative recurrence rates were significantly higher with TUR than with PC (p < 0.05). The recurrence rate tended to be higher after laparoscopic PC (n = 24) than after open PC (n = 20), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.0879). Of the nine nonsurgical patients, eight received hormonal therapy and one did not. Efficacy rates of dienogest, GnRH agonist, and OC were 85.7%, 66.7%, and 66.7%, respectively. Of five patients with BE extending to the ureter or ureteral orifices, two underwent PC and ureteroneocystostomy and one underwent total nephroureterectomy due to renal function loss. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the postoperative recurrence of BE after TUR and PC. We found that cumulative recurrence rate is significantly lower after PC than after TUR. BE extending to the ureter or ureteral orifices is a very challenging condition. Further studies are required for the optimal management of BE.

Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of extragenital endometriosis in Japan, 2018.

The aim of this publication is to disseminate the clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of intestinal, bladder/ureteral, thoracic and umbilical endometriosis, already published in Japanese, to non-Japanese speakers. For developing the original Japanese guidelines, the clinical practice guideline committee was formed by the research team for extragenital endometriosis, which is part of the research program of intractable disease of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. The clinical practice guideline committee formulated eight clinical questions for the treatment of extragenital endometriosis, which were intestinal, bladder/ureteral, thoracic and umbilical endometriosis. The committee performed a systematic review of the literature to provide responses to clinical questions and developed clinical guidelines for extragenital endometriosis, according to the process proposed by the Medical Information Network Distribution Service. The recommendation level was determined using modified Delphi methods. The clinical practice guidelines were officially approved by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Japan Society of Endometriosis. This English version was translated from the Japanese version.

A National Survey of Umbilical Endometriosis in Japan.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, operative or medical management, and postoperative recurrence of umbilical endometriosis. DESIGN: A retrospective national survey. SETTING: Obstetrics and Gynecology and Plastic Surgery Departments at a teaching hospital in Japan. PATIENTS: Patients with umbilical endometriosis or malignant transformation. INTERVENTIONS: A national survey was conducted to identify and evaluate cases of umbilical endometriosis or malignant transformation documented between 2006 and 2016. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The following were evaluated for each patient: age at diagnosis, body mass index, medical history, presence of extragenital endometriosis, surgical history, symptoms, imaging modalities, surgical therapy, hormonal therapy, follow-up period, postoperative recurrence, and time to recurrence. Ninety-six patients were identified with pathologically diagnosed benign umbilical endometriosis. The patients frequently had swelling (86.5%), pain (81.3%), or bleeding (44.8%) in the umbilicus. Sensitivity was 87.1% for physical examination, 76.5% for transabdominal ultrasonography, 75.6% for computed tomography, and 81.8% for magnetic resonance imaging. The cumulative recurrence rate was 1.34% at 6 months, 6.35% at 12 months, and 6.35% at 60 months after surgery. Importantly, there was no recurrence after wide resection including of the peritoneum (0 of 37 cases). The efficacy of dienogest (an oral progestin), gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, and oral contraceptives was 91.7%, 81.8%, and 57.1%, respectively. Finally, 2 cases of malignant transformation were identified. CONCLUSION: There was a low recurrence rate following surgery, and hormonal treatment is an option, although the current findings suggest surgical therapy as the first choice of treatment for umbilical endometriosis.

Short-term outcomes of the transvaginal minimal mesh procedure for pelvic organ prolapse.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of transvaginal minimal mesh repair without using commercially available kits for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 91 women who underwent surgical management of POP with originally designed small mesh between July 2014 and August 2015. This mesh is 56% smaller than the mesh widely used in Japan, and it has only two arms delivered into each right and left sacrospinous ligament. The main study outcome was the anatomic cure rate defined as recurrence of POP quantification (POP-Q) stage II or more. We also assessed changes in the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) and prolapse quality of life questionnaire (P-QOL) and evaluated adverse events. Finally, we compared patient backgrounds between the patients with and without recurrence. Results: Prolapse recurred in 10 of 91 patients (11.0%), and all patients with recurrence were diagnosed as POP-Q stage II. As adverse events, only mesh erosion occurred in two (2.2%) and pelvic pain in one (1.1%) of the 91 patients. The OABSS and P-QOL were significantly improved by the operation. When we compared patient backgrounds between the patients with and without recurrence, body mass index was the only factor influencing affecting recurrence. Conclusions: Transvaginal minimal mesh repair resulted in successful outcomes with low mesh-related complications and anatomic recurrence at one year. Furthermore, significant improvement in QOL was offered by this procedure. Our minimal mesh technique should be considered as one treatment option for the management of POP.

Is urinary incontinence the hidden secret complications after total hip arthroplasty?

INTRODUCTION: We hypothesized that posterior approach (PA) dissecting the short external rotators and anterior approach (AA) not dissecting these have different influences on the pelvic floor muscles and subsequently affect urinary incontinence. The objective of this study was to investigate whether AA advantageously influences symptoms of urinary incontinence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 76 female patients who underwent their primary total hip arthroplasty. The presence or absence of urinary incontinence before and after surgery was surveyed by a direct interview at the time of outpatient examination within a period from 1.5 year after surgery using the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-short form. RESULTS: Urinary incontinence improved after surgery in eight patients (22.2%), slightly improved in one (2.8%), remained unchanged in 26 (72.2%), slightly aggravated in one (2.8%) in the AA group. In the PA group, urinary incontinence improved after surgery in one (2.5%), remained unchanged in 30 (75%), slightly aggravated in four (10%), and aggravated in five (12.5%). Symptoms of urinary incontinence were significantly improved in the AA group and aggravated in the PA group (Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.0057). CONCLUSIONS: As the anatomical characteristic of the short external rotators, the root of the internal obturator muscle is connected to the levator ani muscle. Among the pelvic floor muscles, this levator ani muscle is closely involved in supporting the pelvic organs. Since the short external rotators may have been atrophied due to hip joint dysfunction before surgery, if the strength of this muscle group recovers, support of the pelvic organs and urinary incontinence may be improved. It was assumed that surgery through AA improved external rotation contracture of the hip joint and leg length, which increased tension of the internal obturator muscle, with which tension of the pelvic floor muscle also increased and improved urinary incontinence.