A new species of the rare Gabritini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) from Parque Nacional Serra das Confuses, Northeastern Brazil.

A new species of the genus Gabrita Walker, 1858 is described, from Parque Nacional Serra das Confuses, Piau, representing the first record of Gabritini for the Northeastern Region of Brazil. Gabrita confusa sp. nov. is easily recognized by the long process arising on the shaft of the aedeagus, absent in other species of the genus. A distribution map and a key to the six known species of Gabrita are provided.

Five new species of Alisotrichia Flint, 1964 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Leucotrichiinae) from Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT Five new species of Alisotrichia Flint, 1964 microcaddisflies are described and illustrated from type material collected in Northeastern Brazil, constituting the first records of the genus to this region, as it was previously known only from Southeastern and Northern Brazil. The number of Brazilian species of Alisotrichia is doubled herein from five to ten, however, likely there are still many other species to be described. The new species described here are all placed in the orophila species group: A. froehlichi sp. nov. (Sergipe State), A. calori sp. nov. (Bahia and Paraíba states), A. penispinata sp. nov. (Ceará and Pernambuco states), A. dilatata sp. nov. (Ceará and Mato Grosso do Sul states), and A. nordestina sp. nov. (Ceará and Sergipe states). These new species are separated mainly by features of male genitalia, particularly the dorsal area of segment X, the shape of the segment VIII, and the phallus morphology. Currently, the orophila species group is composed by 37 species, more than half of the species diversity of Alisotrichia.

Cladomorphus petropolisensis, a New Species of Stick Insect from the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Cladomorphus petropolisensis sp. nov., a new species of stick insect from Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is herein described and compared to the other sympatric species, C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 (Phasmatidae, Cladomorphinae). The description of the new species is supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) intraspecific COI divergences among the holotype of C. petropolisensis sp. nov. and C. phyllinus individuals ranged from 2.9% to 4.4%, which are suggestive of distinct species, especially when considering that all Cladomorphus individuals studied were collected in the Petrópolis municipality. The new species can be distinguished from C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 by several characteristics: smaller size, the presence of two spines on the hind femora, the relative longer length of the ovipositor, and spiny tegument, especially in the mesonotum, sculpturing of the operculum of the egg.

A new genus and four new species of Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with long ovipositors from Amazonas, Brazil.

A new leafhopper genus of the tribe Gyponini, Domahovana gen. nov., is proposed and described based on four newly described species from Amazonas State, Northern Brazil: Domahovana icamiabas sp. nov. (type species) and Domahovana mani sp. nov. from Reserva Biolgica do Cuieiras, Manaus and Domahovana naia sp. nov. and Domahovana yamurikuma sp. nov. from Comunidade Lago Grande no Seringal do Recreio, Rio Gregrio, Ipixuna. The new genus can be distinguished from other Gyponini mainly by the combination of the following morphological features: body medium-sized; head short with distinct foliaceous transition between crown and face; forewing with m-cu1 crossvein absent and m-cu2 crossvein basad of r-m1 crossvein for a long distance; male pygofer long and without process; subgenital plate subtriangular, ventrally covered by long hair-like setae; style long and narrow, with a ventromesal tooth; aedeagus atrium with single or paired short ventral processes, shaft short, with dorsal apodeme well developed and expanded laterally; and ovipositor extremely long, narrow and straight, with other terminalia also elongate, a unique feature among female Gyponini. A key to the four known species of Domahovana is provided.

Diversity of Portanini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Southeastern Brazil, with descriptions of two new species.

A survey of Portanini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Southeastern Brazil was conducted. This survey resulted in an increase of the known diversity of Portanini from one to four species in the area. Portanus youngi Linnavuori, 1959 is newly recorded from Minas Gerais State and Itatiaia and Resende municipalities (Rio de Janeiro State), while Portanus felixi Carvalho, 2012 is newly recorded from the municipality of Itatiaia (Rio de Janeiro State). In addition, two new species of Portanini are described: Portanus cornutus sp. nov. and Portanus spherae sp. nov. from Rio de Janeiro State. The former can be distinguished from other Portanus species by four short longitudinal white stripes on posterior margin of crown and pygofer lobe long and with ventrally curved processes. The latter can be distinguished from other Portanus species by a pair of long posteroventral spiniform processes on pygofer; aedeagus with long preatrium, robust atrium, long dorsal apodemes, and shaft directed dorsally; and internal female sternite VIII sclerotized.

Review of Proxima DeLong amp; Freytag (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) with description of two new species from Brazil and identification key to species.

The previously monotypic genus Proxima DeLong Freytag, 1975 is reviewed and new diagnostic characters are added. The type-species Proxima ocellata DeLong Freytag, 1975 described from the State of Esprito Santo, Brazil, is redescribed and newly recorded from the State of Minas Gerais. Also, two new species are described and illustrated: Proxima nigromaculata sp. nov. from the states of Esprito Santo, Maranho, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul and Proxima meloi sp. nov. from the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. An identification key to the species of the genus is provided.

Solving a running crab spider puzzle: delimiting Cleocnemis Simon, 1886 with implications on the phylogeny and terminology of genital structures of Philodromidae.

BACKGROUND: Among the 16 Neotropical genera of Philodromidae, Cleocnemis has the most troublesome taxonomic situation. Remarkable morphological differences among several genera historically said to be related to Cleocnemis denote controversial notions and general uncertainty about the genus identity. Thus, to clarify the genus limits and contribute to the understanding of Neotropical Philodromidae, we conducted a morphological analysis, along with Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood molecular phylogenetic analyses focusing on Cleocnemis and related genera of Thanatinae. All of the 14 species previously placed in Cleocnemis were studied, and eight of them included in the molecular analyses based on fragments of 28S rDNA, histone H3, 16S rDNA, and cytochrome oxidase I (COI). RESULTS: Cleocnemis was recovered as polyphyletic. Most of its species are distributed into six lineages allocated into five morphologically recognizable groups: Group I [Cleocnemis heteropoda], representing Cleocnemis sensu stricto and two new junior synonyms, Berlandiella and Metacleocnemis; Group II [Tibelloides bryantae comb. nov., Tibelloides punctulatus comb. nov., Tibelloides reimoseri nom. nov., and Tibelloides taquarae comb. nov.], representing Tibelloides gen. rev., which was not recovered as monophyletic; Group III [Fageia moschata comb. nov., Fageia rosea comb. nov.], representing the genus Fageia; Group IV ["Cleocnemis" lanceolata]; and Group V ["Cleocnemis" mutilata, "Cleocnemis" serrana, and "Cleocnemis" xenotypa]. Species of the latter two groups are considered incertae sedis. Cleocnemis spinosa is maintained in Cleocnemis, but considered a nomen dubium. Cleocnemis nigra is considered both nomen dubium and incertae sedis. We provide a redelimitation of Cleocnemis, redescription, neotype designation, and synonymy of type-species C. heteropoda. Taxonomic notes on composition, diagnosis, and distribution for each cited genus are also provided. Phylogenetic results support the division of Philodromidae into Thanatinae new stat. and Philodrominae new stat. and suggest expansion of their current compositions. Terminology of genital structures of Philodromidae is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results bring light to Cleocnemis taxonomy and enhance the understanding of the relationships within Philodromidae, especially through the assessment of neglected Neotropical taxa.

New long-horned caddisfly genus and species of Leptoceridae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Brazil.

Ibyacerina caparao new genus, new species (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) is described and illustrated from specimens collected at Serra do Capara, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The monotypic genus is characterized by tibial spur formula 0,2,2; preanal appendages originating from a single base with a median process; tergum X broad, heavily sclerotized, saddle-like, wider at apex, and upturned, bearing small stout setae; inferior appendages each 3-branched, setose; and phallic apparatus tubular, curved slightly ventrad, with pair of lateral processes. Phylogenetic Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses based on concatenated cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CAD) partial sequences (1,504 bp) including representatives of 38 leptocerid genera positioned Ibyacerina gen. nov. with good support within Leptocerinae. However, due to low branch support of most relationships among genera within the clade of Leptocerinae, except Mystacidini, Setodini, and Leptocerini, its close affinities and tribal placement are still unknown.

A new species of Anaulacomera Stål, 1873 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) from Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Southeastern Brazil.

Anaulacomera currently contains 147 valid species, of those 50 are recorded from Brazil. The genus is further divided into six subgenera, which can be distinguished on characteristics of the male terminalia. A new Brazilian species is presently proposed, Anaulacomera (Anallomes) curvata sp. nov., based on three males and one female collected at Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro State. It can be distinguished from all other species because of the pair of cerciform projections of the tenth male abdominal tergite and a combination of shape and size of the male cerci.

Three new species of Byrsopteryx Flint microcaddisflies from Peru (Insecta: Trichoptera) including DNA-based larval associations.

In this paper, we have described and illustrated three new species of Byrsopteryx from Peru: Byrsopteryx inti, sp. nov. Byrsopteryx mamaocllo sp. nov., and Byrsopteryx mancocapac sp. nov. Larvae of the latter two were also associated to male specimens based on comparison of a fragment of COI gene and pharate male identification. Byrsopteryx inti sp. nov. and Byrsopteryx mamaocllo sp. nov. share a unique feature: a semi-dome process formed by a thickened area on male forewings. The three species can be easily identified by wing coloration and male genitalia. Furthermore, Byrsopteryx inti sp. nov. can be recognized by its sternum VIII with a median digitate process on posterior margin, slightly capitate; and by long dorsolateral processes from segment VIII, which cross each other apically in dorsal view. Byrsopteryx mamaocllo sp. nov. can be distinguished by sternum VIII bearing a pair of short, posterior, spinelike processes, which are curved inwards and bordered by a rounded, membranous structure, and by a pair of short, heavily sclerotized, dorsolateral processes. Byrsopteryx mancocapac sp. nov. can be distinguished by strong spine-like processes arising dorsally from subgenital plate and by sternum VIII with posterior margin divided into two plate-like lobes. Larvae of B. mamaocllo sp. nov. and B. mancocapac sp. nov. are similar to other Byrsopteryx larvae known. They can be distinguished from each other by the shape of the operculum formed by terga VIII and IX, and number of setae on the second abdominal pleurite. Maximum likelihood analyses of 20 COI sequences, including nine Byrsopteryx species, placed B. inti sp. nov. and B. mamaocllo sp. nov. as sister species and related to a clade including B. gomezi, B. tapanti, and B. esparta, while B. mancocapac sp. nov. was found as sister to B. abrelata. Despite the close phylogenetic relationship found between B. inti sp. nov. and B. mamaocllo sp. nov., they are separated by 14.9% minimum K2P divergence of COI. The highest intraspecific distance observed was 1.4% for B. mancocapac sp. nov. individuals. Although the Peruvian caddisfly fauna has around 320 known species and almost a third of them are microcaddisflies, in this paper we present the first descriptions of Byrsopteryx species for the country.

First record of Loisirella Holzinger, Holzinger amp; Egger, 2013 and description of a new species from Brazil (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae).

A second species of the genus Loisirella Holzinger, Holzinger Egger, 2013, L. xanthosa sp. nov., is described from Amazonas State, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from L. erwini Holzinger, Holzinger Egger, 2013, type species of the genus, by the coloration of the body and wing and male genitalia. This species represents the first record of Loisirella from Brazil.

Machima itatiaia sp. nov.: a new species of lichen-mimic katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

The Brazilian genus Machima Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 includes three valid species: M. paranensis Rehn, 1950 and M. scalprum Rehn, 1950 distributed on Southern and M. phyllacantha (Burmeister, 1838) from Northeastern Brazil. Herein we analyzed eleven male specimens of Machima from Parque Nacional de Itatiaia and propose a new species. Machima itatiaia sp. nov. is characterized by its main lobe of the cercus curving abruptly on apical two-thirds and accessory lobe as long as wide. The new species is the first record of the genus from Southeastern Brazil. Finally, we also present a key to species of Machima based on males.

Description of two new species of Regalana and a new genus of Gyponini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidade: Iassinae).

Two new species of Regalana DeLong Freytag, 1975 are described and illustrated: Regalana jamari sp. nov. and Regalana madeira sp. nov., both from State of Rondônia, Northern Brazil. Delongiana gen. nov. is described within Gyponini, based on two new species from Brazil: Delongiana ramosa sp. nov., designated as type-species, from Minas Gerais and Paraná states and Delongiana baiana sp. nov. from Bahia and Rio de Janeiro states. The new genus can be distinguished from other Gyponini genera based on the combination of the following features: crown slightly produced, parallel striated; crown-face transition distinct, thick and striated; male pygofer with an oblique integument thickening near dorsal margin; subgenital plate very narrow and elongated; connective Y-shaped; style elongated with apex foot-shaped; aedeagus with dorsal apodemes strongly developed, shaft cylindrical and curved dorsally, with processes near mid-length and without apical processes. Additionally, new country records are given for Regalana bobbyi and R. dianae and state records to R. sheilae.

A new genus of Hoplojassini from French Guiana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) and identification key for species of tribe.

A new monotypic genus of Hoplojassini from French Guiana is proposed, described, and illustrated. Carinojassus gen. nov. differs from other genera of the tribe by the slightly produced crown; deeply transversely striated and strongly declivous pronotum; scutellum not extended posterior to the clavus apex of the forewing at rest and with the posterior half strongly keeled medially and elevated dorsally; and the apically rounded forewing.

Two new genera and species of Gyponini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from South America.

Two new monotypic genera of Gyponini from South America are proposed, described and illustrated. Caetana gen. nov., from Brazil and Ecuador, differs from other genera of the tribe by the scutellum strongly inflated; forewing expanded apically and hind wing with long r-m and m-cu. Insolitana gen. nov., from Peru, differs from other genera by the presence of a pair of longitudinal carinae on crown; crown, noto, and clavus punctuated; male sternite VIII (= pregenital sternite) fully covering the subgenital plates; and pygofer with internal dorsoapical process.

A new species of Ferorhinella (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) from southeastern Brazil with taxonomic notes on the genus.

A new species of Ferorhinella Carvalho & Webb 2004 from southeastern Brazil is described and illustrated, and a taxonomic key to species in the genus is provided. Ferorhinella itatiaiensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other known species of the genus mainly by the paramere with rounded apex and two subapical lateral spines on outer surface, one long, dorsally inserted and the other one small, ventrally inserted; and dorsal margin of the subgenital plates with a rectangular elevation, covered with small, tooth-like spines.

A new species of the sharpshooter genus Onega Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from Ecuador and Peru

ABSTRACT Onega comprises nine valid species distributed in South American countries, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru, commonly at high altitudes. The genus has as diagnostic characteristics the transition crown-frons with transversal carina; crown and superior portion of frons with concavities; pronotum wider than transocular width of head; and paraphysis, when present, as a median esclerite. The present paper describes Onega musa sp. nov., from Ecuador and Peru, which can be distinguished from other Onega species by: body mostly yellow, with brown maculae distributed on dorsum; posterior margin of male pygofer serrate, with long microsetae on the basiventral margin; aedeagus with shaft bisinuate with dorsal acute preapical process; female sternite VII with posterior margin slightly convex; and first valvula of ovipositor with 38 noncontiguous teeth. Intraspecific morphological variations are discussed.

Two new species of Polana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Gyponini) and redescription of Polana (Striapona) desela.

Two new species of Polana DeLong, 1942 are described and illustrated, P. (Angusana) pilosa sp. nov. from Peru and P. (Declivella) maculosa sp. nov. from Brazil. Polana (Striapona) desela Delong, 1979 is redescribed; the female terminalia of this species are described and illustrated for the first time.

Caetitus gen. nov.: a new genus of Neotropical Copiphorini (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Copiphorini) to include C. porteri (Bolivar, 1903).

Daedalellus porteri (Bolivar, 1903) was described based on a single broken female holotype collected in an undetermined locality in Brazil. This species is herein redescribed based on two males and one female collected in Caetité, Bahia State, Brazil, including its morphology of fastigium and male terminalia. Based on comparisons to other Daedalellus species and Neotropical Copiphorini genera, the new monotypic genus Caetitus gen. nov. is herein proposed. Caetitus porteri comb. nov. differs from species of Daedalellus and other related genera, such as Panacanthus, Copiphora, Borinquenula, and Lirometopum, mainly due to differences of the fastigium and male external terminalia.