Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by heart failure and cardiac remodeling. Previous studies show that tetrahydroberberrubine (THBru) retrogrades cardiac aging by promoting PHB2-mediated mitochondrial autophagy and prevents peritoneal adhesion by suppressing inflammation. In this study we investigated whether THBru exerted protective effect against DCM in db/db mice and potential mechanisms. Eight-week-old male db/db mice were administered THBru (25, 50 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 12 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. We showed that THBru administration significantly improved both cardiac systolic and diastolic function, as well as attenuated cardiac remodeling in db/db mice. In primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCMs), THBru (20, 40 µM) dose-dependently ameliorated high glucose (HG)-induced cell damage, hypertrophy, inflammatory cytokines release, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using Autodock, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and DARTS analyses, we revealed that THBru bound to the domain of the receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE), subsequently leading to inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Importantly, overexpression of RAGE in NMCMs reversed HG-induced inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and subsequently counteracted the beneficial effects mediated by THBru. We conclude that THBru acts as an inhibitor of RAGE, leading to inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. This action effectively alleviates the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, ultimately leading to ameliorated DCM.
The activation of astrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is of great significance in neuroscience research, and it is crucial to obtain both cellular morphology and biomolecular information non-destructively in situ, which is still complicated by the traditional optical microscopy and biochemical methods such as immunofluorescence and western blot. In this study, we combined digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to investigate the activation characteristics of iPSCs-derived astrocytes. It was found that the projected area of activated astrocytes decreased by 67%, while the cell dry mass increased by 23%, and the cells changed from a flat polygonal shape to an elongated star-shaped morphology. SERS analysis further revealed an increase in the intensities of protein spectral peaks (phenylalanine 1001â cm-1, proline 1043â cm-1, etc.) and lipid-related peaks (phosphatidylserine 524â cm-1, triglycerides 1264â cm-1, etc.) decreased in intensity. Principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) modeling based on spectral data distinguished resting and reactive astrocytes with a high accuracy of 96.5%. The increase in dry mass correlated with the increase in protein content, while the decrease in projected area indicated the adjustment of lipid composition and cell membrane remodeling. Importantly, the results not only reveal the cellular morphology and molecular changes during iPSCs-derived astrocytes activation but also reflect their mapping relationship, thereby providing new insights into diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Monitoring the transition of cell states during induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation is crucial for clinical medicine and basic research. However, both identification category and prediction accuracy need further improvement. Here, we propose a method combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with convolutional neural networks (CNN) to precisely identify and distinguish cell states during stem cell differentiation. First, mitochondria-targeted probes were synthesized by combining AuNRs and mitochondrial localization signal (MLS) peptides to obtain effective and stable SERS spectra signals at various stages of cell differentiation. Then, the SERS spectra served as input datasets, and their distinctive features were learned and distinguished by CNN. As a result, rapid and accurate identification of six different cell states, including the embryoid body (EB) stage, was successfully achieved throughout the stem cell differentiation process with an impressive prediction accuracy of 98.5%. Furthermore, the impact of different spectral feature peaks on the identification results was investigated, which provides a valuable reference for selecting appropriate spectral bands to identify cell states. This is also beneficial for shortening the spectral acquisition region to enhance spectral acquisition speed. These results suggest the potential for SERS-CNN models in quality monitoring of stem cells, advancing the practical applications of stem cells.
PURPOSE: This study explored the facilitatory effect of visual articulatory cues on the identification of Mandarin lexical tones by children with cochlear implants (CIs) in both quiet and noisy environments. It also explored whether early implantation is associated with better use of visual cues in tonal identification. METHOD: Participants included 106 children with CIs and 100 normal-hearing (NH) controls. A tonal identification task was employed using a two-alternative forced-choice picture-pointing paradigm. Participants' tonal identification accuracies were compared between audio-only (AO) and audiovisual (AV) modalities. Correlations between implantation ages and visual benefits (accuracy differences between AO and AV modalities) were also examined. RESULTS: Children with CIs demonstrated an improved identification accuracy from AO to AV modalities in the noisy environment. Additionally, earlier implantation was significantly correlated with a greater visual benefit in noise. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that children with CIs benefited from visual cues on tonal identification in noise, and early implantation enhanced the visual benefit. These results thus have practical implications on tonal perception interventions for Mandarin-speaking children with CIs.
Cashmere and wool are both natural animal fibers used in the textile industry, but cashmere is of superior quality, is rarer, and more precious. It is therefore important to distinguish the two fibers accurately and effectively. However, challenges due to their similar appearance, morphology, and physical and chemical properties remain. Herein, a terahertz electromagnetic inductive transparency (EIT) metasurface biosensor is introduced for qualitative and quantitative identification of cashmere and wool. The periodic unit structure of the metasurface consists of four rotationally symmetric resonators and two cross-arranged metal secants to form toroidal dipoles and electric dipoles, respectively, so that its effective sensing area can be greatly improved by 1075% compared to the traditional dipole mode, and the sensitivity will be up to 342 GHz/RIU. The amplitude and frequency shift changes of the terahertz transmission spectra caused by the different refractive indices of cashmere/wool can achieve highly sensitive label-free qualitative and quantitative identification of both. The experimental results show that the terahertz metasurface biosensor can work at a concentration of 0.02 mg/mL. It provides a new way to achieve high sensitivity, precision, and trace detection of cashmere/wool, and would be a valuable application for the cashmere industry.
Biosensing Techniques , Wool , Animals
OBJECTIVES: Children with cochlear implants (CIs) face challenges in perceiving fundamental frequency (F0) information because CIs do not transmit F0 effectively. In Mandarin, F0 can contrast meanings at the word level, that is, via lexical tones with distinct F0 contours, and signal contrastive relations between words at the utterance-level, that is, via contrastive focus with expanded F0 range and longer duration. Mandarin-speaking children with CIs have been reported to face challenges in producing distinct F0 contours across tones, but early implantation facilitates tonal acquisition. However, it is still unclear if utterance-level prosody, such as contrastive focus, is also challenging for these children, and if early implantation also offers benefits for focus production. Therefore, this study asked how accurately children with CIs can produce contrastive focus, and if early implantation leads to more accurate focus production, with acoustic patterns approaching that of children with typical hearing (TH). DESIGN: Participants included 55 Mandarin-speaking children (3 to 7 years) with CIs and 55 age-matched children with TH. Children produced noun phrases with and without contrastive focus, such as RED-COLORED cat versus red-colored cat. Three adult native listeners perceptually scored the productions as correct or incorrect. The "correct" productions were then acoustically analyzed in terms of F0 range and duration. RESULTS: Based on the perceptual scores, children with CIs produced focus with significantly lower accuracy (38%) than their TH peers (84%). The acoustic analysis on their "correct" productions showed that children with TH used both F0 and duration to mark focus, producing focal syllables with an expanded F0 range and long duration, and postfocal syllables with a reduced F0 range and short duration. However, children with CIs differed from children with TH in that they produced focal syllables with long duration but not an expanded F0 range, although they produced postfocal syllables with a reduced F0 range and short duration like their TH peers. In addition, early implantation correlated with the percept of more accurate focus productions and better use of F0 range in focal marking. CONCLUSIONS: This study finds that Mandarin-speaking children with CIs are still learning to apply appropriate acoustic cues to contrastive focus. The challenge appears to lie in the use of an expanded F0 range to mark focus, probably related to the limited transmission of F0 information through the CI devices. These findings thus have implications for parents and those working with children with CIs, showing that utterance-level prosody also requires speech remediation, and underscores the critical role of identifying problems early in the acquisition of F0 functions in Mandarin, not only at the word level but also at the utterance-level.
PURPOSE: This study investigated irony comprehension by Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants, focusing on how prosodic and visual cues contribute to their comprehension, and whether second-order Theory of Mind is required for using these cues. METHOD: We tested 52 Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (aged 3-7 years) and 52 age- and gender-matched children with normal hearing. All children completed a Theory of Mind test and a story comprehension test. Ironic stories were presented in three conditions, each providing different cues: (a) context-only, (b) context and prosody, and (c) context, prosody, and visual cues. Comparisons were conducted on the accuracy of story understanding across the three conditions to examine the role of prosodic and visual cues. RESULTS: The results showed that, compared to the context-only condition, the additional prosodic and visual cues both improved the accuracy of irony comprehension for children with cochlear implants, similar to their normal-hearing peers. Furthermore, such improvements were observed for all children, regardless of whether they passed the second-order Theory of Mind test or not. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to demonstrate the benefits of prosodic and visual cues in irony comprehension, without reliance on second-order Theory of Mind, for Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants. It implies potential insights for utilizing prosodic and visual cues in intervention strategies to promote irony comprehension.
This study evaluated the effect of heat treatment on the conversion of ginsenoside and the ameliorative effect of heat-treated total ginsenoside (HG) from fresh ginseng on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced liver injury. LC-MS analysis revealed that the content of rare ginsenosides increased markedly after heat treatment. HG significantly attenuated CTX-induced hepatic histopathological injury in mice. Western blotting analysis showed that untreated total ginsenoside (UG) and HG regulated the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/MAPK pathways. Importantly, these results may be relevant to the modulation of the intestinal flora. UG and HG significantly increased the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria Lactobacillus and reduced the LPS-producing bacteria Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. These changes in intestinal flora affected the levels of TNF-α, LPS and SCFAs. In short, UG and HG alleviated CTX-induced liver injury by regulating the intestinal flora and the LPS-TLR4-MAPK pathway, and HG was more effective. HG has the potential to be a functional food that can alleviate chemical liver injury.
The MC4-2 bacterium strain was isolated and purified from the Periplaneta americana intestine as a biocontrol agent with good antagonistic effect against the pathogens of a soil-borne disease called tobacco black shank. The MC4-2 strain was found to have good broad-spectrum inhibition by plate stand-off test. Based on 16S rRNA and gyrB genes, ANI analysis, and other comparative genomics methods, it was determined that the MC4-2 strain was Bacillus subtilis. The complete genome sequence showed that the genome size was 4,076,630 bp, the average GC content was 43.78%, and the total number of CDSs was 4,207. Genomic prediction analysis revealed that a total of 145 genes were annotated by the CAZy, containing mainly GH and CE enzymes that break down carbohydrates such as glucose, chitin, starch, and alginate, and a large number of enzymes involved in glycosylation were present. A total of ten secondary metabolite clusters were predicted, six clusters of which were annotated as surfactin, bacillaene, fengycin, bacillibactin, subtilosin A, and bacilysin. The present investigation found the biological control mechanism of B. subtilis MC4-2, which provides a strong theoretical basis for the best use of this strain in biological control methods and provides a reference for the subsequent development of agents of this bacterium.
China is home to the second largest population of children and adolescents in the world. Yet demographic shifts mean that the government must manage the challenge of fewer children with the needs of an ageing population, while considering the delicate tension between economic growth and environmental sustainability. We mapped the health problems and risks of contemporary school-aged children and adolescents in China against current national health policies. We involved multidisciplinary experts, including young people, with the aim of identifying actionable strategies and specific recommendations to promote child and adolescent health and wellbeing. Notwithstanding major improvements in their health over the past few decades, contemporary Chinese children and adolescents face distinct social challenges, including high academic pressures and youth unemployment, and new health concerns including obesity, mental health issues, and sexually transmitted infections. Inequality by gender, geography, and ethnicity remains a feature of health risks and outcomes. We identified a mismatch between current health determinants, risks and outcomes, and government policies. To promote the health of children and adolescents in China, we recommend a set of strategies that target government-led initiatives across the health, education, and community sectors, which aim to build supportive and responsive families, safe communities, and engaging and respectful learning environments. TRANSLATION: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Health Policy , Humans , Adolescent , China , Child , Male , Female , Health Services Needs and Demand , Adolescent Health , Child Health , East Asian People
Breathing is an important physiological activity of human body, which not only reflects the state of human movement, but also is one of the important health indicators. Breathing can change the concentration of water molecules, so monitoring humidity has gradually become a hot topic in modern research. In this study, a humidity sensing composite film with high sensitivity and short response time was made by using the mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and bacterial cellulose (BC) with simple dry film-forming method. L-ascorbic acid was used as reducing agent to reduce GO and improve the conductivity of GO/BC composite film (BG). The influence of different BC contents and the different reduction degree on the resistance change rate of composite film was investigated in details. The maximum resistance change rate of partially reduced BG humidity sensitive composite film reached up to 94%, and the response and recovery time were 13 s and 47 s respectively. Furthermore, the sensor shows obvious resistance change in noncontact sensing test and different breathing states. This kind of humidity sensitive film with fast response and high sensitivity has great potential in human health monitoring and noncontact sensing, and is of great significance in promoting health detection and intelligent life.
Biosensing Techniques , Cellulose , Graphite , Humidity , Graphite/chemistry , Cellulose/chemistry , Humans , Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Ascorbic Acid/chemistry , Ascorbic Acid/analysis
Multi-foci lenses are essential components for optical communications, virtual reality display and microscopy, yet the bulkiness of conventional counterparts has significantly hindered their widespread applications. Benefiting from the unprecedented capability of metasurfaces in light modulation, metalenses are able to provide multi-foci functionality with a more compact footprint. However, achieving imaging quality comparable to that of corresponding single-foci metalenses at each focal point poses a challenge for existing multi-foci metalenses. Here, a polarization-independent all-dielectric multi-foci metalens is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by spatially integrating single-foci optical sparse-aperture sub-metalenses. Such design enables the metalens to generate multiple focal points, while maintaining the ability to capture target information comparable to that of a single-foci metalens. The proposed multi-foci metalens is composed of square-nanohole units array fabricated by two-photon polymerization. The focusing characteristic and imaging capability are demonstrated upon the illumination of an unpolarized light beam. This work finds a novel route toward multi-foci metalenses and may open a new avenue for dealing with the trade-off between multi-foci functionality and high-quality imaging performance.
BACKGROUND: CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN; CpG, in short) has been employed as an adjuvant in allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) to treat allergic diseases. The underlying mechanism needs to be further explained. The aim of this study is to examine the mechanism by which CpG and dust mite extracts (DME, a specific antigen) alleviate experimental airway allergy. METHODS: DME was used as the specific allergen to establish an airway allergy mouse model. The mice were directly exposed to DME and CpG through nasal instillations (the CpG.DME therapy). The response of DCs and allergic responses in the airways were assessed using immunological approaches. RESULTS: The airway allergy reaction was effectively suppressed by CpG.DME therapy. The administration of CpG or DME alone did not have any significant suppressive effects on the airway allergic response. Direct exposure to CpG.DME induced type 1 DCs (DC1s) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), while CpG alone induced DC1s and DME alone induced DC2s in the airway tissues. Both DC1s and pDCs were required for the induction of type 1 regulatory T cells in the airway tissues by CpG.DME therapy. Depletion of either pDCs or DC1s abolished the induction of Tr1 cells, and abolished the suppressive effects on airway allergic response by the CpG.DME therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Direct exposure to CpG.DME induces DC1s and pDCs in the airway tissues. DC1s in synergy with pDCs induce type 1 regulatory T cells. The CpG.DME therapy is effective in suppressing allergic responses in mice with airway allergy.
Dendritic Cells , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides , Respiratory Hypersensitivity , Animals , Dendritic Cells/immunology , Dendritic Cells/drug effects , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology , Mice , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/therapy , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects , Female , Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Allergens/immunology , Antigens, Dermatophagoides/immunology , Hypersensitivity/immunology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Disease Models, Animal , Pyroglyphidae/immunology
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a crucial tool for analyzing submicron-scale structures. However, the attainment of high-quality SEM images is contingent upon the high conductivity of the material due to constraints imposed by its imaging principles. For weakly conductive materials or structures induced by intrinsic properties or organic doping, the SEM imaging quality is significantly compromised, thereby impeding the accuracy of subsequent structure-related analyses. Moreover, the unavailability of paired high-low quality images in this context renders the supervised-based image processing methods ineffective in addressing this challenge. Here, an unsupervised method based on Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) was proposed to enhance the quality of SEM images for weakly conductive samples. The unsupervised model can perform end-to-end learning using unpaired blurred and clear SEM images from weakly and well-conductive samples, respectively. To address the requirements of material structure analysis, an edge loss function was further introduced to recover finer details in the network-generated images. Various quantitative evaluations substantiate the efficacy of the proposed method in SEM image quality improvement with better performance than the traditional methods. Our framework broadens the application of artificial intelligence in materials analysis, holding significant implications in fields such as materials science and image restoration.
In this study, the effects of citric acid-autoclaving (CA-A) treatment on physicochemical and digestive properties of the native ginseng starches were investigated. The results showed that ginseng starch exhibited a B-type crystal structure with a low onset pasting temperature of 44.23 ± 0.80 °C, but high peak viscosity and setback viscosity of 5897.34 ± 53.72 cP and 692.00 ± 32.36 cP, respectively. The granular morphology, crystal and short-range ordered structure of ginseng starches were destroyed after CA-A treatment. The more short-chain starches were produced, resulting in the ginseng starches solubility increased. In addition, autoclaving, citric acid (CA) and CA-A treatment promoted polymerization and recrystallization of starch molecules, increased the proportion of amylopectin B1, and B3 chains, and improved molecular weight and resistant starch (RS) content of ginseng starches. The most significant multi-scale structural change was induced by CA-A treatment, which reduced the relative crystallinity of ginseng starch from 28.26 ± 0.24 % to 2.75 ± 0.08 %, and increased the content of RS to 54.30 ± 0.14 %. These findings provided a better understanding of the structure and properties of Chinese ginseng starches and offered new ideas for the deep processing of ginseng foods.
Citric Acid , Panax , Citric Acid/chemistry , Starch/chemistry , Amylopectin/chemistry , Viscosity , Resistant Starch , Amylose/chemistry
Ginseng is widely recognized for its diverse health benefits and serves as a functional food ingredient with global popularity. Ginsenosides with a broad range of pharmacological effects are the most crucial active ingredients in ginseng. This study aimed to derive ginseng glucosyl oleanolate (GGO) from ginsenoside Ro through enzymatic conversion and evaluate its impact on liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. GGO exhibited concentration-dependent HepG2 cell death and markedly inhibited cell proliferation via the MAPK signaling pathway. It also attenuated tumor growth in immunocompromised mice undergoing heterograft transplantation. Furthermore, GGO intervention caused a modulation of gut microbiota composition by specific bacterial populations, including Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Enterococcus, etc., and ameliorated SCFA metabolism and colonic inflammation. These findings offer promising evidence for the potential use of GGO as a natural functional food ingredient in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Food Ingredients , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Ginsenosides , Liver Neoplasms , Panax , Mice , Animals , Ginsenosides/pharmacology , Ginsenosides/metabolism , Panax/metabolism , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
Generation of renewable and clean electricity energy from ubiquitous moisture for the power supply of portable electronic devices has become one of the most promising energy collection methods. However, the modest electrical output and transient power supply characteristics of existing moist-electric generator (MEG) severely limit its commercial application, leading to an urgent demand of developing a MEG with high electrical output and continuous power generation capacity. In this work, it is demonstrated that a flexible bacterial cellulose (BC)/Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) double-layer (BM-dl) film prepared by vacuum filtration can maintain the moisture concentration difference in the film MEG. Unlike previous studies on cellulose based MEG, BM-dl film has a heterogeneous structure, resulting in a maximum output power density of 0.163 µW/cm2, an extreme voltage of 0.84 V, and current of 2.21 µA at RH = 90 %. BM-dl MEG can generate a voltage of 0.55 V continuously for 45 h in a natural environment (RH = 63-77 %, T = 26-27 °C), which is in a leading level among existing reported cellulose-based MEGs. In summary, this study provides new ideas for innovative design of MEG, which is highly competitive in terms of energy supply for the Internet of Things and wearable devices.
Nanotubes, Carbon , Physical Phenomena , Filtration , Cellulose , Electricity
The rumen serves as a complex ecosystem, harboring diverse microbial communities that play crucial ecological roles. Because previous studies have predominantly focused on anaerobic microorganisms, limited attention has been given to aerobic microorganisms in the goat rumen. This study aims to explore the diversity of aerobic microorganisms in the rumen and understand their niche and ecological roles. Rumen fluid samples were collected from 6 goats at different time points post-morning feeding. pH, NH3-N, and volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations were measured, while In vitro cultivation of aerobic microorganisms was performed using PDA medium. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and 16S sequencing unveiled microbial diversity within the rumen fluid samples. Evidence of obligate aerobic microorganisms in the goat rumen suggests their potential contribution to ecological functionalities. Significantly, certain aerobic microorganisms exhibited correlations with TVFA levels, implying their involvement in TVFA metabolism. This study provides evidence of the existence and potential ecological roles of obligate aerobic microorganisms in the goat rumen. The findings underscore the significance of comprehensively deciphering goat rumen microbial communities and their interactions, with aerobes regarded as permanent residents rather than transients. These insights form a solid foundation for advancing our understanding of the intricate interplay between goat and their aerobic microorganisms in the rumen.
Pre-eclampsia (PE), a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, accounts for up to 14 % mortality of maternal and 18 % of fetal or infant mortalities. However, the pathogenesis process of PE remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the peripheral blood exosomes of early-onset PE patients versus healthy pregnant women using high-throughput sequencing, and to find candidate miRNAs as molecular markers. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from five preeclamptic patients and five healthy women. Exosomal miRNAs were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq4000 sequencing platform. The target gene prediction, biological function enrichment, and signaling pathway prediction of the miRNAs with significant differences were carried out using the Starbase database software, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, respectively. Our results showed 65 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in the exosomes of early-onset PE patients compared to control group, with 17 up-regulated and 48 down-regulated (P < 0.05). A total of 2231 target genes were predicted for all differentially expressed miRNAs. Biological functions enriched by these target genes were mainly associated with Ras protein signal transduction, GTPase-mediated signal transduction regulation, histone modification, and ß-transforming growth factor regulatory process. Key regulatory signaling pathways included TGF-ß signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition signaling pathways. QPCR validation in 40 independent samples for 10 miRNAs, identified three miRNAs were confirmed in the second population. MIR7151 was a most significant differentially expressed miRNAs, and predicted its downstream regulatory gene, KCNQ10T1, using Starbase software. There were significant differences in miRNA expression profiles between peripheral blood exosomes of early-onset PE patients and normal pregnant women, suggesting that these miRNAs may contribute to the pathophysiology of early-onset PE by regulating various biological functions and signaling pathways.
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a crucial crop, achieving high yield concurrent pathogen resistance remains a challenge. Transcription factors play roles in growth and abiotic tolerance. However, rice phytochrome-interacting factor-like 1 (OsPIL1) in pathogen resistance and agronomic traits remains unexplored. We generated OsPIL1 overexpressing (OsPIL1 OE) rice lines and evaluated their impact on growth, grain development, and resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. Multiomics analysis (RNA-seq, metabolomics, and CUT&Tag) and RT-qPCR validated OsPIL1 target genes and key metabolites. In the results, OsPIL1 OE rice lines exhibited robust growth, longer grains, and enhanced resistance to M. oryzae without compromising growth. Integrative multiomics analysis revealed a coordinated regulatory network centered on OsPIL1, explaining these desirable traits. OsPIL1 likely acts as a positive regulator, targeting transcriptional elements or specific genes with direct functions in several biological programs. In particular, a range of key signaling genes (phosphatases, kinases, plant hormone genes, transcription factors), and metabolites (linolenic acid, vitamin E, trigonelline, d-glucose, serotonin, choline, genistein, riboflavin) contributed to enhanced rice growth, grain size, pathogen resistance, or a combination of these traits. These findings highlight OsPIL1's regulatory role in promoting important traits and provide insights into potential strategies for rice breeding.
Magnaporthe , Oryza , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Oryza/metabolism , Multiomics , Plant Breeding , Transcription Factors/genetics , Disease Resistance/genetics , Plant Diseases/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
