ABSTRACT
Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) over-represent European ancestries, neglecting all other ancestry groups and low-income nations. Consequently, polygenic risk scores (PRS) more accurately predict complex traits in Europeans than African Ancestries groups. Very few studies have looked at the transferability of European-derived PRS for behavioural and mental health phenotypes to Africans. We assessed the comparative accuracy of depression PRS trained on European and African Ancestries GWAS studies to predict major depressive disorder (MDD) and related traits in African ancestry participants from the UK Biobank. UK Biobank participants were selected based on Principal component analysis clustering with an African genetic similarity reference population, MDD was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). PRS were computed using PRSice2 software using either European or African Ancestries GWAS summary statistics. PRS trained on European ancestry samples (246,363 cases) predicted case control status in Africans of the UK Biobank with similar accuracies (R2 = 2%, ß = 0.32, empirical p-value = 0.002) to PRS trained on far much smaller samples of African Ancestries participants from 23andMe, Inc. (5045 cases, R² = 1.8%, ß = 0.28, empirical p-value = 0.008). This suggests that prediction of MDD status from Africans to Africans had greater efficiency relative to discovery sample size than prediction of MDD from Europeans to Africans. Prediction of MDD status in African UK Biobank participants using GWAS findings of likely causal risk factors from European ancestries was non-significant. GWAS of MDD in European ancestries are inefficient for improving polygenic prediction in African samples; urgent MDD studies in Africa are needed.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pemigatinib is an oral, potent, selective fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1-3 inhibitor. FIGHT-101, a three-part, open-label, first-in-human, phase I/II study (NCT02393248), evaluated pemigatinib in patients with advanced solid tumors. In parts 1 and 2, pemigatinib monotherapy had a manageable safety profile and antitumor activity in FGFR-altered tumors. Part 3 (pemigatinib combination therapies) results are presented here. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received 9, 13.5, or 20 mg oral once-daily pemigatinib on continuous or intermittent schedules with gemcitabine and cisplatin (pemi/gem/cis), docetaxel (pemi/doc), trastuzumab (pemi/tras), pembrolizumab (pemi/pembro), or retifanlimab (pemi/reti) irrespective of whether the tumor was confirmed as FGFR altered. Primary endpoints were safety and pharmacodynamics. Secondary endpoints were investigator-assessed tumor objective response rates (ORRs) and pharmacokinetics (PK). RESULTS: Of 65 enrolled patients (pemi/gem/cis, n = 8; pemi/doc, n = 7; pemi/tras, n = 6; pemi/pembro, n = 26; pemi/reti, n = 18), all discontinued. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were generally consistent with individual drug AEs. Serious and grade ≥3 TEAEs occurred in 0%-85.7% and 33.3%-100.0% of patients across treatment groups, respectively. All pemigatinib combinations demonstrated steady-state PK comparable to monotherapy. Pharmacodynamic effects in all pemigatinib combinations, except pemi/gem/cis, were consistent with monotherapy. Less inhibition of FGFR2α phosphorylation was observed with this combination. ORRs (95% confidence interval) were 37.5% [8.5% to 75.5% (pemi/gem/cis)], 14.3% [0.4% to 57.9% (pemi/doc)], 0% (pemi/tras), 26.9% [11.6% to 47.8% (pemi/pembro)], and 11.1% [1.4% to 34.7% (pemi/reti)]. All groups had instances of tumor shrinkage. ORRs in assessable patients with FGFR rearrangements and mutations were 50% and 33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pemigatinib combination therapy showed no unexpected toxicities. PK and pharmacodynamics were mostly consistent with pemigatinib monotherapy. Pemi/gem/cis (37.5%) and pemi/pembro (26.9%) had the highest ORR; most responders had FGFR alterations.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Neoplasms , Pyrimidines , Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology , Adult , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Immunotherapy/methods , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors , Morpholines , PyrrolesSubject(s)
Cervix Uteri , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/virology , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Vaginal Smears , CytologyABSTRACT
The development of sustainable methods for the control and bio-stabilization of arsenic in sediments, without generating secondary pollution, is an urgent technological need. In this study, we utilized three types of natural carbon-containing biomass (NCCB) to explore the stabilization of arsenic through the synergistic action of native sediment microbiomes. We also examined the metabolic pathways of microorganisms following the introduction of NCCB into high-arsenic sediments, aiming to elucidate the biological processes critical for arsenic bio-stabilization. Our findings indicate that humic acid (HA) and soil organic matter (SOM) are effective in preventing the leaching of As(III) from sediments, while fulvic acid (FA) and SOM can significantly reduce the leaching of As(V). Furthermore, the introduction of NCCB into the system altered the biological metabolic processes, with notable upregulation of metabolites such as 8-hydroxyondansetron, 1,2,3,5,6,8-hexathionane, and citric acid. These results hold promise for the application of these findings in the management of arsenic in natural sediments.
Subject(s)
Arsenic , Biomass , Carbon , Geologic Sediments , Humic Substances , Arsenic/metabolism , Arsenic/analysis , Geologic Sediments/chemistry , Geologic Sediments/microbiology , Carbon/metabolism , Humic Substances/analysis , Benzopyrans/chemistry , Microbiota , Soil/chemistry , Soil Pollutants/metabolism , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Biodegradation, Environmental , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
The remarkable characteristics of porous biochar have generated significant interest in various fields, such as CO2 capture and supercapacitors. The modification of aerogel-derived porous biochar through activation and heteroatomic doping can effectively enhance CO2 adsorption and improve supercapacitor performance. In this study, a novel N, B-co-doped porous biochar (NBCPB) was synthesized by carbonating and activating the N, B dual-doped cellulose aerogel. N and B atoms were doped in-situ using a modified alkali-urea method. The potassium citrate was served as both an activator and a salt template to facilitate the formation of a well-developed nanostructure. The optimized NBCPB-650-1 (where 650 corresponded to activation temperature and 1 represented mass ratio of potassium citrate activator to carbonized NBCPB-400 precursor) displayed the largest micropore volume of 0.40 cm3·g-1 and a high specific surface area of 891 m2·g-1, which contributed to an excellent CO2 adsorption capacity of 4.19 mmol·g-1 at 100 kPa and 25 °C, a high CO2/N2 selectivity, and exceptional reusability (retained >97.5 % after 10 adsorption-desorption cycles). Additionally, the NBCPB-650-1 electrode also delivered a high capacitance of 220.9 F·g-1 at 1 A·g-1. Notably, the symmetrical NBCPB-650-1 supercapacitor exhibited a high energy density of 9 Wh·kg-1 at the power density of 100 W·kg-1. This study not only presents the potential application of NBCPB-650-1 material in CO2 capture and electrochemical energy storage, but also offers a new insight into easy-to-scale production of heteroatomic-modified porous biochar.
Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide , Cellulose , Charcoal , Electric Capacitance , Nitrogen , Carbon Dioxide/chemistry , Charcoal/chemistry , Porosity , Cellulose/chemistry , Adsorption , Nitrogen/chemistry , Gels/chemistry , ElectrodesABSTRACT
The α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers (α-CSHWs) were first prepared using phosphogypsum (PG) and electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) as raw materials for coating urea, demonstrating excellent controlled-release properties. The effects of different reaction conditions on α-CSHWs, achieved by optimizing the reaction time, the concentrations of NH4+, Mn2+, and other factors, were discussed. Results showed that when the EMR content was 25 wt%, the reaction temperature was 100 °C, and the reaction time was 3 h, α-CSHWs with a length-to-diameter ratio of 39 were obtained. Through experiments and density functional theory (DFT), the mechanism of α-CSHWs preparation was elucidated. The results show that the addition of EMR reduces the content of impurity ions PO43- and F- in PG while introducing NH4+ and Mn2+. Interestingly, both NH4+ and Mn2+ can reduce the nucleation time of α-CSHWs, while PO43-, Mn2+, and F- are more likely to adsorb on the (0 0 6) crystal plane of α-CSHWs, NH4+ readily adsorbs on the (4 0 0) crystal plane. The controlled-release performance of modified α-CSHWs incorporated into polyurethane-coated urea (PCU) was investigated, and it was found that the addition of Mα significantly prolonged the nutrient release period, with the period extending up to 116 days for coatings of 5wt% and above. This work not only enhances the efficiency of PG and EMR utilization but also serves as a reference for the straightforward synthesis and application of α-CSHWs.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the role of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring during early induction therapy for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Clinical data of 1 164 ALL patients first diagnosed between October 2016 and June 2019 was collected from 16 hospitals in South China Children's Leukemia Group. According to MRD assay on day 15 of early induction therapy, they were divided into MRD<0.10% group, MRD 0.10%-<10.00% group and MRD≥10.00% group. According to MRD assay on day 33, they were divided into MRD<0.01% group, MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group and MRD≥1.00% group. Age, onset white blood cell count, central nervous system leukemia (CNSL), molecular genetic characteristics and other data were compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Cox regression model was used to analyze prognostic factors. Results: Of the 1 164 enrolled patients, there were 692 males and 472 females. The age of diagnosis was 4.7 (0.5, 17.4) years. The white blood cell count at initial diagnosis was 10.7 (0.4, 1 409.0) ×109/L. Among all patients, 53 cases (4.6%) had CNSL. The follow-up time was 47.6 (0.5, 68.8) months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were (93.1±0.8) % and (90.3±1.1) %. On day 15 of early induction therapy, there were 466 cases in the MRD<0.10% group, 523 cases in the MRD 0.10%-<10.00% group and 175 cases in the MRD≥10.00% group. The 5-year OS rates of the MRD<0.10% group, MRD 0.10%-<10.00% group and MRD≥10.00% group were (95.4±1.0) %, (93.3±1.1) %, (85.4±2.9) %, respectively, while the RFS rates were (93.2±1.6) %, (90.8±1.4) %, (78.9±4.3) %, respectively (χ2=16.47, 21.06, both P<0.05). On day 33 of early induction therapy, there were 925 cases in the MRD <0.01% group, 164 cases in the MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group and 59 cases in the MRD≥1.00% group. The 5-year RFS rates in the MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group was lowest among three groups ((91.4±1.2) % vs. (84.5±3.2) % vs. (87.9±5.1) %). The difference between three groups is statistically significant (χ2=9.11, P=0.010). Among ALL patients with MRD≥10.00% on day 15 of induction therapy, there were 80 cases in the MRD <0.01% group on day 33, 45 cases in the MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group on day 33 and 45 cases in the MRD≥1.00% group on day 33. The 5-year RFS rates of three groups were (83.9±6.0)%, (67.1±8.2)%, (83.3±6.9)% respectively (χ2=6.90, P=0.032). Univariate analysis was performed in the MRD≥10.00% group on day 15 and the MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group on day 33.The 5-year RFS rate of children with CNSL was significantly lower than that without CNSL in the MRD≥10.00% group on day 15 ((50.0±20.4)% vs. (80.3±4.4)%,χ2=4.13,P=0.042). Patients with CNSL or MLL gene rearrangement in the MRD 0.01%-<1.00% group on day 33 had significant lower 5-year RFS rate compared to those without CNSL or MLL gene rearrangement ((50.0±25.0)% vs. (85.5±3.1)%,χ2=4.06,P=0.044;(58.3±18.6)% vs. (85.7±3.2)%,χ2=9.44,P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR=0.58, 95%CI 0.35-0.97) and white blood cell count at first diagnosis (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.27-0.70) were independent risk factors for OS. The MRD level on day 15 (OR=0.55,95%CI 0.31-0.97), ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene (OR=0.13,95%CI 0.03-0.54), MLL gene rearrangement (OR=2.55,95%CI 1.18-5.53) and white blood cell count at initial diagnosis (OR=0.52,95%CI 0.33-0.81) were independent prognostic factors for RFS. Conclusions: The higher the level of MRD in early induction therapy, the worse the OS. The MRD levels on day 15 is an independent prognostic factor for RFS.The MRD in early induction therapy guided accurate risk stratification and individualized treatment can improve the survival rate of pediatric ALL.
Subject(s)
Induction Chemotherapy , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Disease-Free Survival , Neoplasm, Residual/diagnosis , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Prognosis , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Infant , Child, Preschool , AdolescentABSTRACT
Magnonic crystals, periodic arrays of magnetic structures, have emerged as a promising platform for manipulating and controlling spin waves in magnetic materials. Magnetic antidot nanostructures, representing 2-D magnonic crystals, are versatile platforms for controlling and manipulating magnons. In this work, we systematically investigate the effects of inter-hole spacing and lattice (rhombic and honeycomb) arrangements on the dynamic properties of Ni80Fe20 antidot structures. The dynamic responses of antidot lattices of fixed hole diameter (d = 280 nm) and inter-hole spacing (s) between 90 and 345 nm are investigated using broadband ferromagnetic spectroscopy. Multiple resonance modes sensitive to s are observed due to the inhomogeneous internal field distribution induced by the presence of holes. There is a marked variation in mode frequency, mode intensity and the number of modes for rhombic antidot lattice as the inter-hole spacing and applied field direction are varied. Our experimental results are in good agreement with micromagnetic simulations. Our findings may find application in the design of magnonic-based devices.
ABSTRACT
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may be synergistic selected during bio-treatment of chromium-containing wastewater and causing environmental risks through horizontal transfer. This research explored the impact of self-screening bacterium Acinetobacter sp. SL-1 on the treatment of chromium-containing wastewater under varying environmental conditions. The findings indicated that the optimal Cr(VI) removal conditions were an anaerobic environment, 30 °C temperature, 5 g/L waste molasses, 100 mg/L Cr(VI), pH = 7, and a reaction time of 168 h. Under these conditions, the removal of Cr(VI) reached 99.10 %, however, it also developed cross-resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin, clarithromycin, ofloxacin following exposure to Cr(VI). When decrease Cr(VI) concentration to 50 mg/L at pH of 9 with waste molasses as carbon source, the expression of ARGs was down regulated, which decreased the horizontal transfer possibility of ARGs and minimized the potential environmental pollution risk caused by ARGs. The study ultimately emphasized that the treatment of chromium-containing wastewater with waste molasses in conjunction with SL-1 not only effectively eliminates hexavalent chromium but also mitigates the risk of environmental pollution.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter , Catechols , Wastewater , Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Molasses , Carbon/metabolism , Acinetobacter/metabolism , Chromium/metabolism , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Biodegradation, EnvironmentalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Retifanlimab is a humanized, hinge-stabilized immunoglobulin G4κ monoclonal antibody against human programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). This first-in-human, phase I study assessed the safety and efficacy of retifanlimab in patients with advanced solid tumors and identified optimal dosing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: POD1UM-101 was conducted in two parts: (i) dose escalation-evaluated retifanlimab [1 mg/kg every 2 weeks (q2w), 3 or 10 mg/kg q2w or every 4 weeks (q4w)] in patients with relapsed/refractory, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors; (ii) cohort expansion-biomarker-unselected tumor-specific cohorts [endometrial, cervical, sarcoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)] received retifanlimab 3 mg/kg q2w, and tumor-agnostic cohorts received flat dosing [375 mg every 3 weeks (q3w), or 500 and 750 mg q4w]. Primary objectives were safety and tolerability; secondary objective was efficacy in selected tumor types. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in dose escalation, 134 in PD-1 therapy-naïve tumor-specific cohort expansion (endometrial, n = 29; cervical, NSCLC, soft tissue sarcoma, each n = 35), and 45 in flat dosing (375 mg q3w, 500 and 750 mg q4w, each n = 15). No dose-limiting toxicities occurred during dose escalation; maximum tolerated dose was not reached and 3-mg/kg q2w expansion dose was selected based on safety and pharmacokinetic data. Immune-related adverse events were experienced by 40 patients (30%) in tumor-specific cohorts (most frequently hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, colitis, nephritis) and 6 (13%) in flat dosing (most frequently hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism). Objective response rate (95% confidence interval) was 14% (4.8 to 30.3), 14% (3.9 to 31.7), 20% (8.4 to 36.9), and 3% (0.1 to 14.9) in advanced NSCLC, endometrial, cervical, and sarcoma tumor-specific cohorts that progressed after multiple prior systemic therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Retifanlimab demonstrated clinical pharmacology, safety, and antitumor activity consistent with the programmed death (ligand)-1 inhibitor class. POD1UM-101 results support further exploration of retifanlimab as monotherapy and backbone immunotherapy in combination treatments, with recommended doses of 500 mg q4w and 375 mg q3w.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adult , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology , Aged, 80 and overABSTRACT
Effects of total vermibed depth, as well as the ratio of aerobic (the unsubmerged) to anaerobic (the submerged) zone on the performance of the horizontal subsurface flow macrophyte-assisted vermifilters (HSSF-MAVFs) treating synthetic brewery wastewater at a higher hydraulic loading rate (HLR), were investigated for the first time. Results showed that the HSSF-MAVF with a 50 cm total and 18 cm submerged vermibed depth yielded the optimum removal of the pollutants, ensuring a (91.2 ± 1.7)%, (81.8 ± 1.9)%, (67.4 ± 3.9)%, and (63.1 ± 2.3)% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium N (NH4 + -N), total N (TN), and organic N, respectively, whereas there was an increase of (142 ± 6.3)% in the effluent nitrate-N (NO3 - -N) than that in the influent. At the optimum condition, the effluent concentrations of all the pollutants including COD, NH4 + -N, NO3 - -N, TN, and organic N were well below the surface water discharge standards specified by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), and thus, the effluent of the HSSF-MAVF could be safely discharged into the surface water bodies. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Total vermibed depth of HSSF-MAVFs was optimized for organic and nitrogen removal. HSSF-MAVFs were subjected to the higher HLR of synthetic brewery wastewater. Removal of COD and NH4 + -N was decreased with the increase in submerged bed depth. Removal of organic N and TN was increased with the increase in submerged bed depth. Total/unsubmerged bed depth had a positive impact on the organic and N removal.
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollutants , Wastewater , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Anaerobiosis , Nitrogen , Bioreactors , Water , DenitrificationABSTRACT
The use of 2D materials to produce hydrogen (H2 ) fuel via photocatalytic water splitting has been intensively studied. However, the simultaneous fulfillment of the three essential requirements-high photon utilization, rapid carrier transfer, and low-barrier redox reactions-for wide-pH-range production of H2 still poses a significant challenge with no additional modulation. By employing the first-principles calculations, it has been observed that the Janus ZnXY2 structures (X = Si/Ge/Sn, Y = S/Se/Te) exhibit significantly enhanced built-in electric fields (0.20-0.36 eV Å-1 ), which address the limitations intrinsically. Compared to conventional Janus membranes, the ductile ZnSnSe2 and ZnSnTe2 monolayers have stronger regulation of electric fields, resulting in improved electron mobility and excitonic nature (Ebinding = 0.50/0.35 eV). Both monolayers exhibit lower energy barriers of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, 0.98/0.86 eV, pH = 7) and resistance to photocorrosion across pH 0-7. Furthermore, the 1% tensile strain can further boost visible light utilization and intermediate absorption. The optimal AC-type bilayer stacking configuration is conducive to enhancing electric fields for photocatalysis. Overall, Janus ZnXY2 membranes overcome the major challenges faced by conventional 2D photocatalysts via intrinsic polarization and external amelioration, enabling efficient and controllable photocatalysis without the need for doping or heterojunctions.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore and analyze the distribution characteristics of chord µ related parameters, as well as the pupil center's relative position to the coaxial corneal light reflex on the corneal surface, and the influencing factors in young myopia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 761 myopic patients (761 eyes) were collected from March 2021 to December 2021 in the Refractive Surgery Center of Tianjin Eye Hospital, including 388 males and 373 females, with an average age of (24±6) years. The relationship between age, sex, diopter, anterior and posterior corneal surface parameters, and chord µ related parameters was analyzed, including the x and y absolute values of the pupil center, chord µ length, and angle. The normality of the data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the influencing factors of chord µ were analyzed through Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis. Results: The equivalent spherical degree and chord µ length were (-5.47±1.66) D and (0.178±0.095) mm, respectively. The chord µ length followed an approximately normal distribution. The chord µ length of 266 eyes (35%) was distributed in the range of 0.120 to 0.200 mm, while the chord µ length of 479 eyes (63%) was<0.200 mm, and the chord µ length of 620 eyes (81%) was<0.260 mm. The chord µ angle distribution accounted for the largest proportion in the superior nasal quadrant (45.6%), followed by the superior temporal quadrant (34.3%), the inferior temporal quadrant (10.1%), and the inferior nasal quadrant (10.0%). High myopia (r=0.11, P=0.002) and high astigmatism (r=0.08, P=0.023) were associated with an increase in chord µ length. The higher the degree of myopia, the smaller the chord µ angle (r=-0.09, P=0.019). The larger the ISV (r=0.09, P=0.017), IVA (r=0.08, P=0.025), and IHD (r=0.08, P=0.039) on the anterior surface of the cornea, the longer the chord µ length. The higher the astigmatism of the posterior corneal surface, the greater the absolute value of the Y coordinate of the pupil center (r=0.07, P=0.044), and the longer the chord µ length (r=0.08, P=0.035), and the smaller the chord µ angle (r=-0.08, P=0.032). Conclusions: The chord µ length of young myopic individuals in China followed an approximately normal distribution, with the majority located in the superior nasal and superior temporal quadrants. High myopia, high astigmatism, and irregular corneal shape are the main factors related to an increase in chord µ length.
Subject(s)
Astigmatism , Myopia , Refractive Surgical Procedures , Male , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Astigmatism/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cornea , Myopia/surgery , Corneal Topography , Refraction, OcularABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effects of anterolateral thigh chimeric perforator flap in repairing complex wounds of foot and ankle. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From May 2018 to June 2022, 23 patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University to repair complex wounds of foot and ankle with anterolateral thigh chimeric perforator flaps, including 15 males and 8 females, aged from 20 to 66 years. The wounds were all accompanied by bone exposure and defects, and were complicated with varying degrees of infection. All patients underwent debridement and continuous vacuum sealing drainage treatment for 1 week in stage â , with the skin and soft tissue defect area after debridement being 10 cm×5 cm to 22 cm×7 cm. In stage â ¡, the anterolateral thigh chimeric perforator flap was used to cover the defective wound, of which the muscle flap was used to fill the deep invalid cavity of the ankle joint or cover bone and internal fixation exposures, and the skin flap was used to cover the superficial wound, with the area of the skin flap ranging from 11 cm×6 cm to 23 cm×8 cm, and the area of the muscle flap ranging from 4.0 cm×2.5 cm to 8.0 cm×5.0 cm. The survival of the flap was observed after operation. During follow-up, the color, texture, appearance, and complications of the flap were observed, the function of ankle joint and its range of dorsiflexion motion and plantar flexion motion were measured, and the scar hyperplasia and muscular hernia in donor area were observed. Results: Ecchymosis and epidermal necrosis occurred at the tip of the flap in 1 patient on 5 days after operation and healed after dressing change for 1 week; the other flaps of patients survived successfully. After 6 to 40 months of follow-up, the color, texture, and shape of flaps were good, but 1 patient was not satisfied with the shape of the flap because of flap swelling; the ankle joint movement was basically normal, the dorsiflexion motion was 15-30°, and the plantar flexion motion was 20-45°; the scar hyperplasia in the donor area of the flap was not obvious, and no muscular hernia occurred. Conclusions: The anterolateral thigh chimeric perforator flap can effectively fill the deep invalid cavity of ankle joint and cover the superficial wound at the same time, with minimal damage to the donor site. So it is an ideal flap for repairing the complex wounds of foot and ankle.
Subject(s)
Perforator Flap , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Soft Tissue Injuries , Female , Humans , Male , Ankle/surgery , Ankle Joint/surgery , Cicatrix/surgery , Hernia , Hyperplasia , Skin Transplantation , Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery , Thigh/surgery , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , AgedABSTRACT
Wetlands are one of the most critical components of an ecosystem, supporting many ecological niches and a rich diversity of flora and fauna. The ecological significance of these sites makes it imperative to study the changes in their inundation extent and propose necessary measures for their conservation. This study analyzes all 64 Ramsar sites in China based on their inundation patterns using Landsat imagery from 1991 to 2020. Annual composites were generated using the short-wave infrared thresholding technique from June to September to create inundation maps. The analysis was carried out on each Ramsar site individually to account for its typical behavior due to regional geographical and climatic conditions. The results of the inundation analysis for each site were subjected to the Mann-Kendall test to determine their trends. The analysis showed that 8 sites exhibited a significantly decreasing trend, while 14 sites displayed a significantly increasing trend. The accuracy of the analysis ranged from a minimum of 72.0% for Hubei Wang Lake to a maximum of 98.0% for Zhangye Heihe Wetland National Nature Reserve. The average overall accuracy of the sites was found to be 90.0%. The findings emphasize the necessity for conservation strategies and policies for Ramsar sites.
ABSTRACT
The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) has been widely recognized as a promising method for green ammonia synthesis. However, the inert NîN bond, inferior catalytic activity and small electrochemically active area impede its practical application. To circumvent these problems, we proposed self-supported Ti-doped iron phosphide (FeP) nanorod arrays grown on carbon cloth (Ti-FeP/CC) as an electrode for eNRR. The introduction of Ti doping sites regulated the electron structure of FeP, leading to electron migration from Fe to P, which facilitated N2-to-NH3 conversion. The as-prepared Ti-FeP/CC showed an enhancement of electrochemical surface area (ECSA), high electrical conductivity and well-exposed active sites. Ti-FeP/CC was capable of producing a high NH3 yield of 10.93 µg h-1 cm-2 and faradaic efficiency of 10.77% at an optimal voltage of -0.3 V (vs. RHE) in a 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution with excellent stability and durability during the eNRR process. This work not only presents a promising electrode material for eNRR, but also provides a new insight into rational heteroatom doping for electrocatalysis.
ABSTRACT
The pursuit of superhydrophilic materials with hierarchical structures has garnered significant attention across diverse application domains. In this study, we have successfully crafted Ni-Mn LDHs@CuC2O4 nanosheet arrays on a copper mesh (CM) through a synergistic process involving chemical oxidation and hydrothermal deposition. Initially, CuC2O4 nanosheets were synthesized on the copper mesh, closely followed by the growth of Ni-Mn LDHs nanosheets, culminating in the establishment of a multi-tiered surface architecture with exceptional superhydrophilicity and remarkable underwater superoleophobicity. The resultant Ni-Mn LDHs@CuC2O4 CM membrane showcased an unparalleled amalgamation of traits, including superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity, and the ability to harness photocatalytic forces for self-cleaning actions, making it an advanced oil-water separation membrane. The membrane's performance was impressive, manifesting in a remarkable water flux range (70 kL·m-2·h-1) and an efficient oil separation capability for both oil/water mixture and surfactant-stabilized emulsions (below 60 ppm). Moreover, the innate superhydrophilic characteristics of the membrane rendered it a prime candidate for deployment as a supercapacitor cathode material. Evidenced by a capacitance of 5080 mF·cm-2 at a current density of 6 mA cm-2 in a 6 M KOH electrolyte, the membrane's potential extended beyond oil-water separation. This work not only introduces a cutting-edge oil-water separation membrane and supercapacitor electrode but also offers a promising blueprint for the deliberate engineering of hierarchical structure arrays to cater to a spectrum of related applications.
Subject(s)
Copper , Pulmonary Surfactants , Electric Capacitance , Electrodes , PhenotypeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG). METHODS: This was a single center retrospective observational study. All of the patients were diagnosed with HPVG. The patients were admitted to Peking University Third Hospital from January 2017 to January 2021. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, abdominal imaging, treatment of the primary disease, and clinical outcomes of the patients were collected via electronic medical records. The study was approved by institutional review board and the information of all the patients was kept de-identified. RESULTS: A total of seven cases were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 67 (63, 81) years. Six of the patients were male. The seven patients all presented with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, which was the most common symptom. Six patients developed septic shock after admission. The signs of HPVG were detected by CT scans in all the patients, showing gas embolization. It might also be found as unique "aquarium sign" in abdominal ultrosonography. Four cases were caused by intestinal lesions, including acute volvulus, intestinal obstruction, and rectal abscess. Two were caused by ischemic bowel disease and the other one was caused by severe acute pancreatitis. The gas accumulation could disappear after effective anti-shock therapy and surgery (Cases 1, 2, and 6). Two patients had good postoperative outcomes, and one patient was discharged after non-surgical treatment. However, the prognosis was poor in the patients with intestinal ischemia necrosis accompanied by shock and multiple organ dysfunction (Cases 3, 4, 5, and 7 all died). CONCLUSION: The HPVG patients generally have acute abdominal pain and show up at Emergency Department. The prognosis depends on the potential cause of HPVG. The mechanism and clinical management for the appearance of gas in the portal vein is not well understood. Patients complicated with shock, ascites, and peritonitis may have intestinal necrosis, which indicates surgical intervention and higher mortality. CT is the preferred diagnostic method in standard clinical practice. Physicians need to have a comprehensive understanding of the proactive diagnostic strategy, and active treatment for the primary disease.
Subject(s)
Pancreatitis , Vascular Diseases , Humans , Male , Female , Acute Disease , Portal Vein , Vascular Diseases/complications , Vascular Diseases/diagnosis , Vascular Diseases/therapy , Necrosis , Abdominal PainABSTRACT
With the development of industry, heavy metal (HM) pollution of soil has become an increasingly serious problem. Using passivators made of industrial by-products to immobilize HMs in contaminated soil is a promising in-situ remediation technology. In this study, the electrolytic manganese slag (EMS) was modified into a passivator (named M-EMS) by ball milling, and the effects of M-EMS on adsorption of As(V) in aquatic samples and on immobilization of As(V) and other HMs in soil samples were investigated under different conditions. Results demonstrated that M-EMS had a maximum As(V) adsorption capacity of 65.3 mg/g in the aquatic samples. Adding M-EMS to the soil reduced the leaching of As (from 657.2 to 319.8 µg/L) and other HMs after 30 d of incubation, reduced the bioavailability of As(V) and improved the quality and microbial activity of the soil. The mechanism for M-EMS to immobilize As in the soil are complex reactions, ion exchange reaction with As and electrostatic adsorption. This work provides new ideas of using waste residue matrix composites for sustainable remediation of Arsenic in the aquatic environment and soil.
Subject(s)
Arsenic , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Metals, Heavy , Soil Pollutants , Arsenic/analysis , Manganese , Soil/chemistry , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Metals, Heavy/chemistry , Electrolytes , Water Pollution , WaterABSTRACT
Currently, little information is available on relative contributions among biochar (BC), activated carbon (AC), magnetic BC (MBC), and magnetic AC (MAC) to enhance the effectiveness of a microbial electrolytic cells coupled with anaerobic digestion (MEC-AD) system and the impact of carbon-based materials on microbial community. In this study, six anaerobic reactors were constructed to demonstrate the effects of different carbon-based materials on organic matter elimination in the MEC-AD system. Remarkably, the reactor containing MBC exhibited a significant increase in organic removal, achieving 95.0 % chemical oxygen demand (COD) eradication. Additionally, the MBC-added MEC-AD reactor yields acetic acid at a rate 2.9 times higher than that of the BC-added reactor. Electrical stimulation enriched electro-producing bacteria such as Pseudomonas (18.1 %) and Gordonia (6.8 %), which were further promoted by the addition of MBC, indicating that the microbial communities cultivated with the MBC could provide the necessary microbiome for the MEC.