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1.
Front Vet Sci ; 11: 1387719, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39086760

ABSTRACT

Background: Haemaphysalis flava is a notorious parasite for humans and animals worldwide. The organs of H. flava are bathed in hemolymph, which is a freely circulating fluid. Nutrients, immune factors, and waste can be transported to any part of the body via hemolymph. The main soluble components in hemolymph are proteins. However, knowledge of the H. flava proteome is limited. Methods: The hemolymph was collected from fully engorged H. flava ticks by leg amputation. Hemolymph proteins were examined by both blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate PAGE (SDS-PAGE). Proteins extracted from the gels were further identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Two bands (380 and 520 kDa) were separated from tick hemolymph by BN-PAGE and were further separated into four bands (105, 120, 130, and 360 kDa) by SDS-PAGE. LC-MS/MS revealed that seven tick proteins and 13 host proteins were present in the four bands. These tick proteins mainly belonged to the vitellogenin (Vg) family and the α-macroglobulin family members. In silico structural analysis showed that these Vg family members all had common conserved domains, including the N-terminus lipid binding domain (LPD-N), the C-terminus von Willebrand type D domain (vWD), and the domain of unknown function (DUF). Additionally, two of the Vg family proteins were determined to belong to the carrier protein (CP) by analyzing the unique N-terminal amino acid sequences and the cleaving sites. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the Vg family proteins and α-macroglobulin are the primary constituents of the hemolymph in the form of protein complexes. Our results provide a valuable resource for further functional investigations of H. flava hemolymph effectors and may be useful in tick management.

2.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 18385, 2024 Aug 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39117918

ABSTRACT

Quantum secret sharing is a basic quantum cryptographic primitive, which has a lot of applications in information security and privacy preservation. An efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol (Kuo et al. in EPJ Quantum Technol 10(1):29, 2023) based on a novel structure and single qubits was reported recently. In this paper, we give a cryptanalysis of this protocol and show that it cannot satisfy the security requirement for secret sharing because an unauthorized set of agents can gain access to some information on the dealer's secret by a special collusion attack. Furthermore, we put forward a way to deal with the security problem.

3.
Org Lett ; 26(30): 6390-6395, 2024 Aug 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39041664

ABSTRACT

An achiral counteranion-induced reversal of enantioselectivity in Ni(II)-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation/annulation of 2-naphthols with ß,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters was achieved. Using imidazolidine pyrroloimidazolone pyridine as the ligand and Ni(acac)2 as the Lewis acid, diverse naphthopyran derivatives were obtained in good yields (up to 94% yield) and high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). In the presence of Ni(OTf)2 as the Lewis acid, a series of chiral naphthopyran derivatives were obtained in good yields and with a controlled switch in stereoselectivity. DFT calculations reveal that the achiral counteranions regulate H-bonding interactions between counteranions with the N-H of the ligand and the O-H of 2-naphthol.

4.
Chemosphere ; 363: 142960, 2024 Jul 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39079588

ABSTRACT

Despite the emergence of hydrogels as ideal candidates for preparing the superhydrophilic materials for emulsion separation, their structural stability and swelling still hinder their long-term use, mainly due to structure defects after swelling. Herein, differing from the common modification, the eco-friendly poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) hydrogel foam was designed and synthesized via a one-step strategy by using the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) template method, which endowed it with a highly interpenetrated porous structure. Unlike the normal swellable hydrogels such as poly(N-isoproplyacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel, or modified hydrogel coatings, the pHEMA hydrogel foam displayed stable structure and underwater superoleophobicity after 20 d of immersion in water. The pHEMA hydrogel foam could separate different kinds of highly surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with a high separation efficiency of 99.3% for liquid paraffin emulsion obtained solely under gravity-driven. Additionally, it exhibited excellent antifouling performance and long-term acid/alkali tolerance over 100 h without decrease in emulsion separation efficiency (98.0%, oil/water ratio of 99:1) and permeation flux (over 2000 L·m-2·h-1) attributed to its stable bulky structure. Moreover, the pHEMA hydrogel foam demonstrated high cell viability of 96.87% and 95.96% after culturing the 3T3 clone A31 cells in the pHEMA hydrogel foam for 24 h and 48 h, respectively, indicating good biocompatibility. Hence, our work provides a new design to develop an eco-friendly bulk hydrogel foam that achieves stable structure and performance for emulsion separation.

5.
Animals (Basel) ; 14(11)2024 May 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38891605

ABSTRACT

Haemaphysalis longicornis is a common tick species that carries several pathogens. There are few reports on the influence of different hosts on the structure of midgut microflora in H. longicornis. In this study, midgut contents of fully engorged female H. longicornis were collected from the surface of tiger (Panthera tigris) and deer (Dama dama). The bacterial genomic DNA of each sample was extracted, and the V3-V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA were sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq sequencing. The diversity of the bacterial community of the fully engorged female H. longicornis on the surface of tiger was higher than that of deer. In total, 8 phyla and 73 genera of bacteria annotations were detected in the two groups. At the phylum level, the bacterial phyla common to the two groups were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, there were 20 common bacterial genera, among which the relative abundances of Coxiella, Morganella, Diplorickettsia, and Acinetobacter were high. The Morganella species was further identified to be Morganella morganii. The alpha diversity index indicated that the bacterial diversity of the tiger group was higher than that of the deer group. Bacteroidota, Patescibacteria, Desulfobacterota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Cyanobacteria were solely detected in the tiger group. A total of 52 bacterial genera were unique in the tiger group, while one bacterial genus was unique in the deer group. This study indicates that there are differences in the structure of the gut bacteria of the same tick species among different hosts. Further culture-based methods are needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the tick microbiota parasitizing different hosts.

6.
J Org Chem ; 89(14): 9929-9936, 2024 Jul 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38916441

ABSTRACT

Typical catalysts used in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) transesterification encounter challenges in terms of environmental sustainability and economic viability. Calcium oxide (CaO), being an environmentally friendly and cost-effective catalyst, exhibits favorable compatibility with the criteria above. It has been conclusively demonstrated that CaO performs high efficiency as a catalyst for the transesterification between alcohols and DMC. The optimal conditions for the CaO-catalyzed transesterification of DMC and 1-octanol were determined (90 °C, 17 h, and CaO/1-octanol/DMC molar ratio = 0.3:1.0:40.0), under which the conversion of 1-octanol reaches 98.3%, while the yield and selectivity of methyl octyl carbonate are 98.1 and 99.9%, and CaO has been proven to have the efficient ability to be recycled three times. Meanwhile, the CaO-catalyzed reaction mechanism of the transesterification of DMC with alcohol is illustrated in the quantum chemical method based on the M06-2X functional, and the structures of the corresponding transition states are simultaneously derived. The activation energy barrier is proven to be effectively decreased by the catalytic effect of CaO. In addition, the electrostatic potential diagram verifies the proposed reaction sites. This research constructs the theoretical basis for CaO-based DMC chemistry and expands the green catalysts available for the synthesis of dialkyl carbonates.

7.
Cogn Neurodyn ; 18(3): 947-960, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38826651

ABSTRACT

Visual joint attention, the ability to track gaze and recognize intent, plays a key role in the development of social and language skills in health humans, which is performed abnormally hard in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The traditional convolutional neural network, EEGnet, is an effective model for decoding technology, but few studies have utilized this model to address attentional training in ASD patients. In this study, EEGNet was used to decode the P300 signal elicited by training and the saliency map method was used to visualize the cognitive properties of ASD patients during visual attention. The results showed that in the spatial distribution, the parietal lobe was the main region of classification contribution, especially for Pz electrode. In the temporal information, the time period from 300 to 500 ms produced the greatest contribution to the electroencephalogram (EEG) classification, especially around 300 ms. After training for ASD patients, the gradient contribution was significantly enhanced at 300 ms, which was effective only in social scenarios. Meanwhile, with the increase of joint attention training, the P300 latency of ASD patients gradually shifted forward in social scenarios, but this phenomenon was not obvious in non-social scenarios. Our results indicated that joint attention training could improve the cognitive ability and responsiveness of social characteristics in ASD patients.

8.
J Gen Virol ; 105(5)2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38809251

ABSTRACT

Tick-borne orthoflaviviruses (TBFs) are classified into three conventional groups based on genetics and ecology: mammalian, seabird and probable-TBF group. Recently, a fourth basal group has been identified in Rhipicephalus ticks from Africa: Mpulungu flavivirus (MPFV) in Zambia and Ngoye virus (NGOV) in Senegal. Despite attempts, isolating these viruses in vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines or intracerebral injection of newborn mice with virus-containing homogenates has remained unsuccessful. In this study, we report the discovery of Xinyang flavivirus (XiFV) in Haemaphysalis flava ticks from Xìnyáng, Henan Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis shows that XiFV was most closely related to MPFV and NGOV, marking the first identification of this tick orthoflavivirus group in Asia. We developed a reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR assay to screen wild-collected ticks and egg clutches, with absolute infection rates of 20.75 % in adult females and 15.19 % in egg clutches, suggesting that XiFV could be potentially spread through transovarial transmission. To examine potential host range, dinucleotide composition analyses revealed that XiFV, MPFV and NGOV share a closer composition to classical insect-specific orthoflaviviruses than to vertebrate-infecting TBFs, suggesting that XiFV could be a tick-only orthoflavivirus. Additionally, both XiFV and MPFV lack a furin cleavage site in the prM protein, unlike other TBFs, suggesting these viruses might exist towards a biased immature particle state. To examine this, chimeric Binjari virus with XIFV-prME (bXiFV) was generated, purified and analysed by SDS-PAGE and negative-stain transmission electron microscopy, suggesting prototypical orthoflavivirus size (~50 nm) and bias towards uncleaved prM. In silico structural analyses of the 3'-untranslated regions show that XiFV forms up to five pseudo-knot-containing stem-loops and a prototypical orthoflavivirus dumbbell element, suggesting the potential for multiple exoribonuclease-resistant RNA structures.


Subject(s)
Flavivirus , Ixodidae , Phylogeny , Animals , Flavivirus/genetics , Flavivirus/classification , Flavivirus/isolation & purification , China , Ixodidae/virology , Female
9.
J Org Chem ; 89(11): 8041-8054, 2024 Jun 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38757188

ABSTRACT

A base-assisted dearomative [2 + 1] spiroannulation of p/o-bromophenols with activated olefins (methylenemalonates) to construct various cyclopropyl spirocyclohexadienone skeletons is reported. Furthermore, several other halophenols (X = Cl, I) were also tolerated in this process. Control experiments reveal a dearomative Michael addition of phenols at their halogenated positions to methylenemalonates, followed by intramolecular radical-based SRN1 dehalogenative cyclopropanation. However, according to the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, an SN2 dehalogenative cyclopropanation with the same low activation energy barrier should not be excluded. The utility of this method is showcased by gram-scale syntheses and transformations of the dearomatized products.

10.
Water Res ; 257: 121695, 2024 Jun 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38723352

ABSTRACT

Wolframite (FeWO4), a typical polyoxometalate, serves as an auspicious candidate for heterogeneous catalysts, courtesy of its high chemical stability and electronic properties. However, the electron-deficient surface-active Fe species in FeWO4 are insufficient to cleave H2O2 via Fe redox-mediated Fenton-like catalytic reaction. Herein, we doped Sulfur (S) atom into FeWO4 catalysts to refine the electronic structure of FeWO4 for H2O2 activation and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. Furthermore, spin-state reconstruction on S-doped FeWO4 was found to effectively refine the electronic structure of Fe in the d orbital, thereby enhancing H2O2 activation. S doping also accelerated electron transfer during the conversion of sulfur species, promoting the cycling of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Consequently, S-doped FeWO4 bolstered the Fenton-like reaction by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to FeWO4. Significantly, the developed S-doped FeWO4 exhibited a remarkable removal efficiency of approximately 100% for SMX within 40 min in real water samples. This underscores its extensive pH adaptability, robust catalytic stability, and leaching resistance. The matrix effects of water constituents on the performance of S-doped FeWO4 were also investigated, and the results showed that a certain amount of Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, HCO3- and PO43- exhibited negligible effects on the degradation of SMX. Theoretical calculations corroborate that the distinctive spin-state reconstruction of Fe center in S-doped FeWO4 is advantageous for H2O2 decomposition. This discovery offers novel mechanistic insight into the enhanced catalytic activity of S doping in Fenton-like reactions and paves the way for expanding the application of FeWO4 in wastewater treatment.


Subject(s)
Sulfur , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Sulfur/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry , Tungsten Compounds/chemistry , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Catalysis , Water Purification/methods , Oxidation-Reduction , Iron/chemistry
11.
Neural Plast ; 2024: 8862647, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38715980

ABSTRACT

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The neural mechanisms underlying ADHD remain inadequately understood, and current approaches do not well link neural networks and attention networks within brain networks. Our objective is to investigate the neural mechanisms related to attention and explore neuroimaging biological tags that can be generalized within the attention networks. In this paper, we utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to examine the differential functional connectivity network between ADHD and typically developing individuals. We employed a graph convolutional neural network model to identify individuals with ADHD. After classification, we visualized brain regions with significant contributions to the classification results. Our results suggest that the frontal, temporal, parietal, and cerebellar regions are likely the primary areas of dysfunction in individuals with ADHD. We also explored the relationship between regions of interest and attention networks, as well as the connection between crucial nodes and the distribution of positively and negatively correlated connections. This analysis allowed us to pinpoint the most discriminative brain regions, including the right orbitofrontal gyrus, the left rectus gyrus and bilateral insula, the right inferior temporal gyrus and bilateral transverse temporal gyrus in the temporal region, and the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe, multiple regions of the basal ganglia and the upper cerebellum. These regions are primarily involved in the attention executive control network and the attention orientation network. Dysfunction in the functional connectivity of these regions may contribute to the underlying causes of ADHD.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Brain , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neural Networks, Computer , Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Female , Brain/physiopathology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging , Nerve Net/physiopathology , Adult , Brain Mapping/methods , Neural Pathways/physiopathology , Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging , Young Adult , Adolescent , Child , Attention/physiology
12.
Nat Chem ; 16(8): 1301-1311, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38719944

ABSTRACT

Chiral sulfur pharmacophores are crucial for drug discovery in bioscience and medicinal chemistry. While the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of sulfoxides and sulfinate esters with stereogenic-at-sulfur(IV) centres is well developed, the synthesis of chiral sulfinamides remains challenging, which has primarily been attributed to the high nucleophilicity and competing reactions of amines. In this study, we have developed an efficient methodology for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral sulfinamides and sulfinate esters by the sulfinylation of diverse nucleophiles, including aromatic amines and alcohols, using our bifunctional chiral 4-arylpyridine N-oxides as catalysts. The remarkable results are a testament to the efficiency, versatility and broad applicability of the developed synthetic approach, serving as a valuable tool for the synthesis of sulfur pharmacophores. Mechanistic experiments and density functional theory calculations revealed that the initiation and stereocontrol of this reaction are induced by an acyl transfer catalyst. Our research provides an efficient approach for the construction of optically pure sulfur(IV) centres.

13.
Parasitol Res ; 123(4): 197, 2024 Apr 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38668762

ABSTRACT

The majority of ixodid ticks display host-specificity to varying extents. Feeding on different hosts affects their development and reproduction. Consequences can be analyzed at the level of the egg, as it is the initial stage of tick development. Tick egg proteins are abundant and diverse, providing nutrients for embryonic development. However, studies on tick egg profiles are scarce. In this study, we aimed to analyze whether feeding Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks on the yaks (Bos grunniens) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) has an impact on the variety and variability of the egg proteome. Detached engorged females were used to lay eggs, which were then collected, dewaxed, and subjected to protein extraction. The extracted egg proteins were enzymatically digested using Filter-Aided Sample Preparation (FASP), and the unique peptides were separated and detected by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The MS data were searched against the previously constructed whole tick transcriptome library of H. qinghaiensis, and the UniProt database for the identification of tick-derived egg proteins. The analysis revealed 49 and 53 high-confidence proteins identified in eggs collected from B. grunniens (EggBg) and O. aries (EggOa), respectively. Of these, 46 high-confidence proteins were common to both egg types, while three were unique to EggBg and seven to EggOa. All the identified proteins mainly belonged to enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, transporters, and proteins with unknown functions. The differential abundance analysis showed that nine proteins were significantly more present in EggBg, while six were significantly more present in EggOa. Overall, enzymes were the most diverse group, while vitellogenin (Vg) was the most abundant. Blood meal uptake on different hosts has a certain effect on the egg proteome composition and the abundance of some proteins, but it may also lead to compensation of protein roles.


Subject(s)
Egg Proteins , Ixodidae , Animals , Ixodidae/physiology , Ixodidae/metabolism , Ixodidae/growth & development , Female , Egg Proteins/metabolism , Cattle , Sheep , Proteome , Ovum/chemistry , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Chromatography, Liquid , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Tick Infestations/parasitology , Feeding Behavior
14.
Fitoterapia ; 175: 105882, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38452906

ABSTRACT

Falonolide A (1) and B (2), two novel polyyne hybrid phthalides resulting from unprecedented carbon skeleton polymerized by Z-ligustilide and falcarindiol, along with six new related phthalides (3-8), were isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, computer-assisted structure elucidation (CASE) analysis, DP4+ probability analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1-8 was proposed, and the production mechanism of 2 was revealed by density functional theory (DFT) method. Compounds 4 and 6 exhibited significant vasodilatory activity with EC50 of 8.00 ± 0.86 and 6.92 ± 1.02 µM, respectively. Compound 4 also displayed significant inhibitory effect of NO production with EC50 value of 8.82 ± 0.30 µM. Based on the established compounds library, structure-activity relationship analysis of phthalides was explored to provide insights into the drug development of vasodilators and anti-flammatory.


Subject(s)
Benzofurans , Ligusticum , Phytochemicals , Plant Roots , Ligusticum/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Benzofurans/pharmacology , Benzofurans/isolation & purification , Benzofurans/chemistry , Animals , Structure-Activity Relationship , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Phytochemicals/isolation & purification , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Vasodilator Agents/isolation & purification , Vasodilator Agents/chemistry , Mice , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Rats , China , Male , RAW 264.7 Cells , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
15.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1295305, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38481990

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Ubiquitination is a crucial biological mechanism in humans, essential for regulating vital biological processes, and has been recognized as a promising focus for cancer therapy. Our objective in this research was to discover potential enzymes associated with ubiquitination that may serve as therapeutic targets for individuals with esophageal carcinoma (ESCA). Methods: To identify genes linked to the prognosis of ESCA, we examined mRNA sequencing data from patients with ESCA in the TCGA database. Further investigation into the role of the candidate gene in ESCA was conducted through bioinformatic analyses. Subsequently, we carried out biological assays to assess its impact on ESCA development. Results: Through univariate Cox regression analysis, we identified Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 B (UBE2B) as a potential gene associated with the prognosis of ESCA. UBE2B exhibited significant upregulation and was found to be correlated with survival outcomes in ESCA as well as other cancer types. Additionally, UBE2B was observed to be involved in various biological pathways linked to the development of ESCA, including TNF-a signaling via NF-κB, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammatory response, and hypoxia. Moreover, immune-related pathways like B cell activation (GO: 0042113), B cell receptor signaling pathway (GO: 0050853) and B cell mediated immunity (GO:0019724) were also involved. It was found that high expression of UBE2B was correlated with the increase of several kinds of T cells (CD8 T cells, Th1 cells) and macrophages, while effector memory T cell (Tem) and Th17 cells decreased. Furthermore, UBE2B showed potential as a prognostic biomarker for ESCA, displaying high sensitivity and specificity. Notably, proliferation and migration in ESCA cells were effectively suppressed when the expression of UBE2B was knocked down. Conclusions: To summarize, this study has made a discovery regarding the importance of gaining new insights into the role of UBE2B in ESCA. UBE2B might be an oncogene with good ability in predicting and diagnosing ESCA. Consequently, this discovery highlights the feasibility of targeting UBE2B as a viable approach for treating patients with ESCA.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma , Esophageal Neoplasms , Humans , Prognosis , Oncogenes , B-Lymphocytes , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics , Biomarkers , Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/genetics
16.
Neural Netw ; 172: 106148, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38309138

ABSTRACT

Decoding emotional neural representations from the electroencephalographic (EEG)-based functional connectivity network (FCN) is of great scientific importance for uncovering emotional cognition mechanisms and developing harmonious human-computer interactions. However, existing methods mainly rely on phase-based FCN measures (e.g., phase locking value [PLV]) to capture dynamic interactions between brain oscillations in emotional states, which fail to reflect the energy fluctuation of cortical oscillations over time. In this study, we initially examined the efficacy of amplitude-based functional networks (e.g., amplitude envelope correlation [AEC]) in representing emotional states. Subsequently, we proposed an efficient phase-amplitude fusion framework (PAF) to fuse PLV and AEC and used common spatial pattern (CSP) to extract fused spatial topological features from PAF for multi-class emotion recognition. We conducted extensive experiments on the DEAP and MAHNOB-HCI datasets. The results showed that: (1) AEC-derived discriminative spatial network topological features possess the ability to characterize emotional states, and the differential network patterns of AEC reflect dynamic interactions in brain regions associated with emotional cognition. (2) The proposed fusion features outperformed other state-of-the-art methods in terms of classification accuracy for both datasets. Moreover, the spatial filter learned from PAF is separable and interpretable, enabling a description of affective activation patterns from both phase and amplitude perspectives.


Subject(s)
Brain , Emotions , Humans , Emotions/physiology , Brain/physiology , Electroencephalography/methods , Cognition , Recognition, Psychology
17.
Mol Ecol Resour ; 24(4): e13939, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38372463

ABSTRACT

Utilization of faeces has long been a popular approach for genetic and ecological studies of wildlife. However, the success of molecular marker genotyping and genome resequencing is often unpredictable due to insufficient enrichment of endogenous DNA in the total faecal DNA that is dominated by bacterial DNA. Here, we report a simple and cheap method named PEERS to predominantly lyse animal cells over bacteria by using sodium dodecyl sulphate so as to discharge endogenous DNA into liquid phase before bacterial DNA. By brief centrifugation, total DNA with enriched endogenous fraction can be extracted from the supernatant using routine methods. Our assessments showed that the endogenous DNA extracted by PEERS was significantly enriched for various types of faeces from different species, preservation time and conditions. It significantly improves the genotyping correctness and efficiency of genome resequencing with the total additional cost of $ 0.1 and a short incubation step to treat a faecal sample. We also provide methods to assess the enrichment efficiency of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and models to predict the usability of faecal DNA for genotyping of short tandem repeat, single-nucleotide polymorphism and whole-genome resequencing.


Subject(s)
DNA , Mammals , Animals , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA/genetics , Feces , Mammals/genetics , Animals, Wild/genetics
18.
Mar Genomics ; 73: 101087, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38365347

ABSTRACT

Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious soil-borne disease, which seriously damages the growth of tobacco crops. Bacillus velezensis A5 was isolated from 3000 m deep-sea sediments of the Pacific Ocean, and was found to be antagonistic to TBW. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain A5, which has a 4,000,699-bp single circular chromosome with 3827 genes and a G + C content of 46.44%, 87 tRNAs, and 27 rRNAs. A total of 12 gene clusters were identified in the genome of strain A5, which were responsible for the biosynthesis of antibacterial compounds, including surfactin, bacillaene, fengycin, difficidin, bacillibactin, and bacilysin. Additionally, strain A5 was found to contain a series of genes related to the biosynthesis of carbohydrate-active enzymes and secreted proteins. Our results indicate that strain A5 can be considered a promising biocontrol agent against TBW in agricultural fields.


Subject(s)
Bacillus , Genome, Bacterial , Pacific Ocean , Bacillus/genetics , Bacillus/metabolism , Bacteria/genetics , Sequence Analysis
19.
Cereb Cortex ; 34(2)2024 01 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38212289

ABSTRACT

Effective visual search is essential for daily life, and attention orientation as well as inhibition of return play a significant role in visual search. Researches have established the involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cognitive control during selective attention. However, neural evidence regarding dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates inhibition of return in visual search is still insufficient. In this study, we employed event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic causal modeling to develop modulation models for two types of visual search tasks. In the region of interest analyses, we found that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction were selectively activated in the main effect of search type. Dynamic causal modeling results indicated that temporoparietal junction received sensory inputs and only dorsolateral prefrontal cortex →temporoparietal junction connection was modulated in serial search. Such neural modulation presents a significant positive correlation with behavioral reaction time. Furthermore, theta burst stimulation via transcranial magnetic stimulation was utilized to modulate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex region, resulting in the disappearance of the inhibition of return effect during serial search after receiving continuous theta burst stimulation. Our findings provide a new line of causal evidence that the top-down modulation by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex influences the inhibition of return effect during serial search possibly through the retention of inhibitory tagging via working memory storage.


Subject(s)
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex , Prefrontal Cortex , Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Prefrontal Cortex/physiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods , Reaction Time/physiology
20.
Mol Neurobiol ; 61(2): 1157-1174, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37697220

ABSTRACT

Survivors experiencing acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMP) tend to develop white matter injury (WMI). The mechanism of ACMP-induced WMI remains unclear. Considering the role of ferroptosis in initiating oligodendrocyte damage to deteriorate WMI, exploring therapeutic options to attenuate ferroptosis is a feasible approach to alleviating WMI. Our results indicated that ACMP induced accumulation of iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) eventually leading to WMI and motor impairment after ACMP. Furthermore, ferrostatin-1 reduced iron and ROS deposition to alleviate ferroptosis, thereafter reducing WMI to promote the recovery of motor function. The nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway was found to be involved in alleviating ferroptosis as seen with the administration of ferrostatin-1. The present study rationalizes that targeting ferroptosis to alleviate WMI is a feasible therapeutic strategy for managing ACMP.


Subject(s)
Aminopyridines , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning , Cyclohexylamines , Ferroptosis , Phenylenediamines , White Matter , Humans , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/complications , White Matter/metabolism , Iron/metabolism , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
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