Dual-polarization programmable metasurfaces can flexibly manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves while providing approximately twice the information capacity. Therefore, they hold significant applications in next-generation communication systems. However, there are three challenges associated with the existing dual-polarization programmable metasurfaces. This article aims to propose a novel design to address them. First, the design overcomes the challenge of element- and polarization-independent controls, enabling more powerful manipulations of EM waves. Second, by using more energy-efficient tunable components and reducing their number, the design can be nearly passive (maximum power consumption of 27.7 mW), leading to a significant decrease in the cost and power consumption of the system (at least two orders of magnitude lower than the power consumption of conventional programmable metasurfaces). Third, the design can operate in a broad bandwidth, which is attractive for practical engineering applications. Both the element and array of the metasurface are meticulously designed, and their performance has been carefully studied. The experiments demonstrate that 2D wide-angle beam scanning can be realized. Moreover, secure communication based on directional information modulation can be implemented by exploiting the metasurface and an efficient discrete optimization algorithm, showing its programmable, multiplexing, broadband, green, and secure features.
Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editors' attention by a concerned reader that the cell invasion and migration assay data shown in Fig. 6 and the cell proliferation assay experiments shown in Fig. 2 were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles by different authors; furthermore, in Fig. 2, for the '10 mM metformin' experiment, certain of the glioma cells appeared to be strikingly similar to other cells contained within the same data panels. Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been published elsewhere or were under consideration for publication prior to its submission to Molecular Medicine Reports, and owing to concerns with the authenticity of certain of the data, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [Molecular Medicine Reports 20: 887894, 2019; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10369].
The powerful capability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in tailoring electromagnetic waves and fields has put them under the spotlight in wireless communications. However, the current designs are criticized due to their poor frequency selectivity, which hinders their applications in real-world scenarios where the spectrum is becoming increasingly congested. Here we propose a filtering RIS to feature sharp frequency-selecting and 2-bit phase-shifting properties. It permits the signals in a narrow bandwidth to transmit but rejects the out-of-band ones; meanwhile, the phase of the transmitted signals can be digitally controlled, enabling flexible manipulations of signal propagations. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured, and its high quality factor and phase-shifting characteristics are validated by scattering parameters and beam-steering phenomena. Further, we conduct a wireless communication experiment to illustrate the intriguing functions of the RIS. The filtering behavior enables the RIS to perform wireless signal manipulations with anti-interference ability, thus showing big potential to advance the development of next-generation wireless communications.
Solving ill-posed inverse problems typically requires regularization based on prior knowledge. To date, only prior knowledge that is formulated mathematically (e.g., sparsity of the unknown) or implicitly learned from quantitative data can be used for regularization. Thereby, semantically formulated prior knowledge derived from human reasoning and recognition is excluded. Here, we introduce and demonstrate the concept of semantic regularization based on a pre-trained large language model to overcome this vexing limitation. We study the approach, first, numerically in a prototypical 2D inverse scattering problem, and, second, experimentally in 3D and 4D compressive microwave imaging problems based on programmable metasurfaces. We highlight that semantic regularization enables new forms of highly-sought privacy protection for applications like smart homes, touchless human-machine interaction and security screening: selected subjects in the scene can be concealed, or their actions and postures can be altered in the reconstruction by manipulating the semantic prior with suitable language-based control commands.
Background: The role of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unconfirmed. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibody/tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with or without TACE as first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Methods: This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included advanced HCC patients receiving either TACE with ICIs plus anti-VEGF antibody/TKIs (TACE-ICI-VEGF) or only ICIs plus anti-VEGF antibody/TKIs (ICI-VEGF) from January 2018 to December 2022. The study design followed the target trial emulation framework with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW) to minimize biases. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05332821. Findings: Among 1244 patients included in the analysis, 802 (64.5%) patients received TACE-ICI-VEGF treatment, and 442 (35.5%) patients received ICI-VEGF treatment. The median follow-up time was 21.1 months and 20.6 months, respectively. Post-application of sIPTW, baseline characteristics were well-balanced between the two groups. TACE-ICI-VEGF group exhibited a significantly improved median OS (22.6 months [95% CI: 21.2-23.9] vs 15.9 months [14.9-17.8]; P < 0.0001; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.63 [95% CI: 0.53-0.75]). Median PFS was also longer in TACE-ICI-VEGF group (9.9 months [9.1-10.6] vs 7.4 months [6.7-8.5]; P < 0.0001; aHR 0.74 [0.65-0.85]) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) version 1.1. A higher ORR was observed in TACE-ICI-VEGF group, by either RECIST v1.1 or modified RECIST (41.2% vs 22.9%, P < 0.0001; 47.3% vs 29.7%, P < 0.0001). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 178 patients (22.2%) in TACE-ICI-VEGF group and 80 patients (18.1%) in ICI-VEGF group. Interpretation: This multicenter study supports the use of TACE combined with ICIs and anti-VEGF antibody/TKIs as first-line treatment for advanced HCC, demonstrating an acceptable safety profile. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Nanjing Life Health Science and Technology Project.
OBJECTIVE: In this study, our aim was to develop and validate the effectiveness of diverse radiomic models for distinguishing between gnathic fibrous dysplasia (FD) and ossifying fibroma (OF) before surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 220 patients with confirmed FD or OF. We extracted radiomic features from nonenhanced CT images. Following dimensionality reduction and feature selection, we constructed radiomic models using logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, light gradient boosting machine, and eXtreme gradient boosting. We then identified the best radiomic model using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. After combining radiomics features with clinical features, we developed a comprehensive model. ROC curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the models' robustness and clinical value. RESULTS: We extracted 1834 radiomic features from CT images, reduced them to eight valuable features, and achieved high predictive efficiency, with area under curves (AUC) exceeding 0.95 for all the models. Ultimately, our combined model, which integrates radiomic and clinical data, displayed superior discriminatory ability (AUC: training cohort 0.970; test cohort 0.967). DCA highlighted its optimal clinical efficacy. CONCLUSION: Our combined model effectively differentiates between FD and OF, offering a noninvasive and efficient approach to clinical decision-making.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) plus variceal embolization for treating gastric varices (GVs) remains controversial. This nationwide multicenter cohort study aimed to evaluate whether adding variceal embolization to a small diameter (8-mm) TIPS could reduce the rebleeding incidence in patients with different types of GVs. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study involved 629 patients who underwent 8-mm TIPS for gastric varices at 7 medical centers. The primary endpoint was all-cause rebleeding, and the secondary endpoints included overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 629 patients were included. Among them, 429 (68.2%) had gastroesophageal varices type 1 (GOV1), 145 (23.1%) had gastroesophageal varices type 2 (GOV2), and 55 (8.7%) had isolated gastric varices type 1 (IGV1). In the entire cohort, adjunctive embolization reduced rebleeding (6.2% vs 13.6%; P = .005) and OHE (31.0% vs 39.4%; P = .02) compared with TIPS alone. However, no significant differences were found in mortality (12.0% vs 9.7%; P = .42). In patients with GOV2 and IGV1, TIPS plus variceal embolization reduced both rebleeding (GOV2: 7.8% vs 25.1%; P = .01; IGV1: 5.6% vs 30.8%; P = .03) and OHE (GOV2: 31.8% vs 51.5%; P = .008; IGV1: 11.6% vs 38.5%; P = .04). However, in patients with GOV1, adjunctive embolization did not reduce rebleeding (5.9% vs 8.7%; P = .37) or OHE (33.1% vs 35.3%; P = .60). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with TIPS alone, 8-mm TIPS plus variceal embolization reduced rebleeding and OHE in patients with GOV2 and IGV1. These findings suggest that patients with GOV2 and IGV1, rather than GOV1, could benefit from embolization with TIPS.
OBJECTIVE: This Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to analyze the associations between clinicopathological characteristics and BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma (AM) patients and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched from 2010 to 2024. The search terms used were specific to BRAF and AM. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials were considered eligible. The incidence of BRAF mutation and corresponding clinicopathological features in AM patients were subjected to Bayesian network analyses and diagnostic accuracy evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 937 AM patients from 20 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of BRAF mutations in AM patients was 72%. According to the Bayesian network analysis, BRAF mutations are more likely to occur in younger (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; credible interval [CrI]: 1.2-4.5), mandible site (OR, 3.6; 95% CrI: 2.7-5.2), and unicystic (OR, 1.6; 95% CrI: 1.1-2.4) AM patients. Similarly, higher diagnostic accuracy was found in the younger, mandible, and unicystic AM groups. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence, risk, and diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutation in AM were greater in younger patients, those with mandible involvement, and those with unicystic AM than in patients with other clinicopathological features. In addition, there was a strong concordance in the diagnostic accuracy between molecular tests and immunohistochemical analysis.
Objectives: The objective of this network meta-analysis is to systematically compare the efficacy of diverse progestin-based combination regimens in treating patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia. The primary goal is to discern the optimal combination treatment regimen through a comprehensive examination of their respective effectiveness. Methods: We systematically searched four prominent databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, for randomized controlled trials addressing the efficacy of progestins or progestin combinations in the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia. The search spanned from the inception of these databases to December 2023. Key outcome indicators encompassed survival indices, criteria for assessing efficacy, as well as pregnancy and relapse rate. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024496311). Results: From the 1,558 articles initially retrieved, we included 27 studies involving a total of 5,323 subjects in our analysis. The results of the network meta-analysis revealed that the mTOR inhibitor+megestrol acetate (MA)+tamoxifen regimen secured the top rank in maintaining stable disease (SD) (SUCRA=73.4%) and extending progression-free survival (PFS) (SUCRA=72.4%). Additionally, the progestin combined with tamoxifen regimen claimed the leading position in enhancing the partial response (PR) (SUCRA=75.2%) and prolonging overall survival (OS) (SUCRA=80%). The LNG-IUS-based dual progestin regimen emerged as the frontrunner in improving the complete response (CR) (SUCRA=98.7%), objective response rate (ORR) (SUCRA=99.1%), pregnancy rate (SUCRA=83.7%), and mitigating progression (SUCRA=8.0%) and relapse rate (SUCRA=47.4%). In terms of safety, The LNG-IUS-based dual progestin regimen had the lowest likelihood of adverse events (SUCRA=4.2%), while the mTOR inhibitor regimen (SUCRA=89.2%) and mTOR inbitor+MA+tamoxifen regimen (SUCRA=88.4%) had the highest likelihood of adverse events. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia exhibited the most favorable prognosis when undergoing progestin combination therapy that included tamoxifen, mTOR inhibitor, or LNG-IUS. Notably, among these options, the LNG-IUS-based dual progestin regimen emerged as particularly promising for potential application. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42024496311.
Information metasurface has shown great potential in wireless communications owing to its ability to flexibly control electromagnetic waves. However, it is still a big challenge to achieve high-security and large-channel capacity wireless communications by a simple system. Here, we propose a space-polarization-division multiplexing secure wireless communication system with information camouflage capability based on the information metasurface, which can realize multichannel encrypted wireless communications with different polarization coding strategies independently and simultaneously. A polarization mask key is introduced to encrypt the target message, and the cipher message is further concealed behind a cover image with steganography and sent to the user by using the polarization modulation strategy. Different polarization mask keys can be adopted in each individual communication by changing the polarization coding strategy to enhance the system security. The proposed scheme integrates computational algorithm encryption and physical layer security together and thus has the advantages of high security, large channel capacity, and strong camouflage ability.
Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland (AciCC) is a low-grade carcinoma characterized by the overexpression of the transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3). AciCC has been the subject of a few molecular research projects. This study delves into AciCC's molecular landscape to identify additional alterations and explore their clinical implications. RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining for markers NR4A3/NR4A2, DOG-1, S100, and mammaglobin were utilized on 41 AciCCs and 11 secretory carcinoma (SC) samples. NR4A3 was evident in 35 AciCCs, while the residual 6 were NR4A3-negative and NR4A2-positive; SC samples were consistently NR4A3-negative. A novel fusion, PON3 exon 1- LCN1 exon 5, was detected in 9/41 (21.9%) AciCCs, exhibiting a classical histologic pattern with serous cell components growing in solid sheets alongside the intercalated duct-like component. Clinical follow-up of 39 patients over a median of 59 months revealed diverse prognostic outcomes: 34 patients exhibited no disease evidence, whereas the remaining 5 experienced poorer prognosis, involving local recurrence, lymph node, and distant metastasis, and disease-associated death, 4 of which harbored the PON3::LCN1 fusion. In addition, the HTN3::MSANTD3 fusion was recurrently identified in 7/41 AciCC cases. SC patients lacked both fusions. Immunohistochemistry uncovered differential expression of DOG-1, S100, and mammaglobin across samples, providing nuanced insights into their roles in AciCC. This study accentuates PON3::LCN1 and HTN3::MSANTD3 fusions as recurrent molecular events in AciCC, offering potential diagnostic and prognostic utility and propelling further research into targeted therapeutic strategies.
Biomarkers, Tumor , Carcinoma, Acinar Cell , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 , Salivary Gland Neoplasms , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/pathology , Female , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/genetics , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/mortality , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/metabolism , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/chemistry , Middle Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Adult , Aged , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/analysis , Receptors, Steroid/genetics , Receptors, Steroid/metabolism , Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics , Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/analysis , Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism , Young Adult , Gene Fusion , Aged, 80 and over , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics , Immunohistochemistry
Background/purpose: There is inconsistent evidence regarding whether the botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection can relieve pain caused by bruxism. This study aimed to estimate the efficiency of BTA injection in relieving pain caused by bruxism at different follow-up periods. Materials and methods: Five electronic databases were searched from 2005 to 2022 using search terms related to botulinum toxin and bruxism. Only controlled clinical trials were included. Two investigators reviewed each article and discussed any disagreements until a consensus was reached. Pain outcomes as evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) were subjected to single-arm and Bayesian network meta-analyses. Pooling data were measured by a random-effects model. Results: Eleven studies with a total of 365 bruxism patients were included. According to the single-arm analyses of the pooled data, the reduction in bruxism-related pain after BTA injection measured 4.06 points (95% CI = 3.37 to 4.75) on the VAS, and the pain relief was significant in the first 6 months after treatment (P < 0.01). According to the Bayesian analysis, BTA also resulted in significantly greater pain relief than oral splinting (mean difference (MD), -1.5; 95% credible interval (CrI) = -2.7 to -0.19) or saline injection (MD, -3.3; 95% CrI = -6.2 to -0.32). Conclusion: BTA significantly relieves the pain of bruxism for 6 months after injection, and its therapeutic efficacy was higher than that of oral splinting. Nevertheless, further long-term follow-up randomized controlled trials comparing BTA with other management or drugs are warranted.
Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and amplification of electromagnetic waves are converse phenomena, where incoming radiations are coherently dissipated or amplified by structured incidences. Realizing such two phenomena simultaneously in a single device may benefit various applications such as biological sensing, photo detection, radar stealth, solar-thermal energy sharing, and wireless communications. However, previous experimental realizations of CPA and amplification generally require precise controls to the loss and gain of a system, making dynamic switching between the absorption and amplification states a challenge. To this end, we propose a nonlinear approach to realize CPA and parametric amplification (PA) simultaneously at the same frequency and demonstrate experimentally dynamic switch from the CPA to PA states in a judiciously designed nonlinear spoof plasmonic waveguide. The measured output signal gain can be continuously tuned from -33 dB to 22 dB in a propagation length of 9.2 wavelengths. Compared to the traditional linear CPA, our approach relaxes the stringent requirements on device dimensions and material losses, opening a new route to actively modulate the electromagnetic waves with giant amplification-to-absorption contrast in a compact platform. The proposed nonlinear plasmonic platform has potential applications in on-chip systems and wireless communications.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is caused by BCR::ABL1. Tyrosine kinase-inhibitors (TKIs) are the initial therapy. Several organizations have reported milestones to evaluate response to initial TKI-therapy and suggest when a change of TKI should be considered. Achieving treatment-free remission (TFR) is increasingly recognized as the optimal therapy goal. Which TKI is the best initial therapy for which persons and what depth and duration of molecular remission is needed to achieve TFR are controversial. In this review we discuss these issues and suggest future research directions.
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Protein Kinase Inhibitors , Humans , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology , Remission Induction , Biology
Micro-Doppler effect is a vital feature of a target that reflects its oscillatory motions apart from bulk motion and provides an important evidence for target recognition with radars. However, establishing the micro-Doppler database poses a great challenge, since plenty of experiments are required to get the micro-Doppler signatures of different targets for the purpose of analyses and interpretations with radars, which are dramatically limited by high cost and time-consuming. Aiming to overcome these limits, a low-cost and powerful simulation platform of the micro-Doppler effects is proposed based on time-domain digital coding metasurface (TDCM). Owing to the outstanding capabilities of TDCM in generating and manipulating nonlinear harmonics during wave-matter interactions, it enables to supply rich and high-precision electromagnetic signals with multiple micro-Doppler frequencies to describe the micro-motions of different objects, which are especially favored for the training of artificial intelligence algorithms in automatic target recognition and benefit a host of applications like imaging and biosensing.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with the hallmark of aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aß) into extracellular fibrillar deposition. Accumulating evidence suggests that soluble toxic Aß oligomers exert diverse roles in neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the eventual pathogenesis of AD. Aß is derived from the sequential cleavage of amyloid-ß precursor protein (APP) by ß-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase. The current effect of single targeting is not ideal for the treatment of AD. Therefore, developing multipotent agents with multiple properties, including anti-Aß generation and anti-Aß aggregation, is attracting more attention for AD treatment. Previous studies indicated that Quercetin was able to attenuate the effects of several pathogenetic factors in AD. Here, we showed that naturally synthesized Quercetin-3-O-glc-1-3-rham-1-6-glucoside (YCC31) could inhibit Aß production by reducing ß-secretase activity. Further investigations indicated that YCC31 could suppress toxic Aß oligomer formation by directly binding to Aß. Moreover, YCC31 could attenuate Aß-mediated neuronal death, ROS and NO production, and pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Taken together, YCC31 targeting multiple pathogenetic factors deserves further investigation for drug development of AD.
Alzheimer Disease , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Humans , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism , Quercetin/pharmacology , Quercetin/therapeutic use , Cytokines , Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/metabolism , Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/therapeutic use , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism , Glucosides/therapeutic use
The detailed dynamics of small molecular nonvolatile chemical and bacterial diversities, as well as their relationship are still unclear in the manufacturing process of Keemun black tea (KMBT). Herein, mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics, Feature-based Molecular Networking (FBMN) and bacterial DNA amplicon sequencing were used to investigate the dense temporal samples of the manufacturing process. For the first time, we reveal that the pyrogallol-type catechins are oxidized asynchronously before catechol-type catechins during the black tea processing. Rolling is the key procedure for forming the small molecular nonvolatile metabolite profile (SMNMetProf), increasing the metabolite richness, and then shaping the bacterial community structure in the KMBT manufacturing process, which decreases both molecular weight and molecular polarity of the small molecular nonvolatile metabolites. The SMNMetProf of black tea is formed by the endogenous enzymatic oxidation of tea leaves, rather than bacterial fermentation.
Camellia sinensis , Catechin , Tea , Commerce , DNA, Bacterial/genetics
A strictly anaerobic, motile bacterium, designated as strain Ai-910T, was isolated from the sludge of an anaerobic digestion tank in China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative rods. Optimal growth was observed at 38 °C (growth range 25-42 °C), pH 8.5 (growth range 5.5-10.5), and under a NaCl concentration of 0.06% (w/v) (range 0-2.0%). Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15â:â0 and anteiso-C15â:â0. The respiratory quinone was MK-7. Using xylose as the growth substrate, succinate was produced as the fermentation product. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16 S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain Ai-910T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage that reflects a new genus in the family Marinilabiliaceae, sharing high similarities to Alkaliflexus imshenetskii Z-7010T (92.78%), Alkalitalea saponilacus SC/BZ-SP2T (92.51%), and Geofilum rubicundum JAM-BA0501T (92.36%). Genomic similarity (average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization) values between strain Ai-910T and its phylogenetic neighbors were below 65.27 and 16.90%, respectively, indicating that strain Ai-910T represented a novel species. The average amino acid identity between strain Ai-910T and other related members of the family Marinilabiliaceae were below 69.41%, supporting that strain Ai-910T was a member of a new genus within the family Marinilabiliaceae. Phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic analysis revealed that strain Ai-910T was distinguished from other phylogenetic relatives within the family Marinilabiliaceae. The genome size was 3.10 Mbp, and the DNA G + C content of the isolate was 42.8 mol%. Collectively, differences of the phenotypic and phylogenetic features of strain Ai-910T from its close relatives suggest that strain Ai-910T represented a novel species in a new genus of the family Marinilabiliaceae, for which the name Xiashengella succiniciproducens gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain of Xiashengella succiniciproducens is Ai-910T (= CGMCC 1.17893T = KCTC 25,304T).
Bacteria , Succinic Acid , Anaerobiosis , Phylogeny , Succinates , DNA
Speech recognition becomes increasingly important in the modern society, especially for human-machine interactions, but its deployment is still severely thwarted by the struggle of machines to recognize voiced commands in challenging real-life settings: oftentimes, ambient noise drowns the acoustic sound signals, and walls, face masks or other obstacles hide the mouth motion from optical sensors. To address these formidable challenges, an experimental prototype of a microwave speech recognizer empowered by programmable metasurface is presented here that can remotely recognize human voice commands and speaker identities even in noisy environments and if the speaker's mouth is hidden behind a wall or face mask. The programmable metasurface is the pivotal hardware ingredient of the system because its large aperture and huge number of degrees of freedom allows the system to perform a complex sequence of sensing tasks, orchestrated by artificial-intelligence tools. Relying solely on microwave data, the system avoids visual privacy infringements. The developed microwave speech recognizer can enable privacy-respecting voice-commanded human-machine interactions is experimentally demonstrated in many important but to-date inaccessible application scenarios. The presented strategy will unlock new possibilities and have expectations for future smart homes, ambient-assisted health monitoring, as well as intelligent surveillance and security.
Microwaves , Speech Recognition Software , Humans
Programmable metasurface technology can achieve flexible manipulations of electromagnetic waves in real time by adjusting the surface structure and material properties and has shown extraordinary potential in many fields such as wireless communications and the Internet of Things. However, most of the programmable metasurfaces have a common feature: a tail (electrical wires and DC powers), which is difficult to supply in some particular application scenarios such as canyons and mountains. To eliminate the limitation of DC power supply, the programmable metasurface and wireless power transfer technology are combined to propose a tailless information-energy metasurface (IEMS). The tailless IEMS platform can dynamically control electromagnetic waves without relying on an external DC power supply; instead, the required DC power is provided internally by the IEMS platform itself. In the tailless IEMS experiments, the concept is demonstrated through the dynamic regulation of wireless channels and the wireless transmission of DC power. This work provides a self-powered method for programmable metasurfaces, expands the application scenarios, facilitates the miniaturization of systems, and makes it easy to integrate with other systems.
