ABSTRACT
Interesting phenomena during the Au-assisted chemical beam epitaxy of InAs-InSb nanowire heterostructures have been observed and interpreted within the framework of a theoretical model. An unusual, non-monotonous diameter dependence of the InSb nanowire growth rate is demonstrated experimentally within a range of deposition conditions. Such a behavior is explained by competition between the Gibbs-Thomson effect and different diffusion-induced material fluxes. Theoretical fits to the experimental data obtained at different flux pressures of In and Sb precursors allow us to deduce some important kinetic coefficients. Furthermore, we discuss why the InAs nanowire stem forms in the wurtzite phase while the upper InSb part has a pure zinc blende crystal structure. It is hypothesized that the 30° angular rotation of nanowire when passing from InAs to the InSb part is driven by the lowest surface energy of (1100) wurtzite and (110) zinc blende facets.
Subject(s)
Arsenicals/chemistry , Crystallization/methods , Gold/chemistry , Indium/chemistry , Models, Chemical , Nanostructures/chemistry , Nanostructures/ultrastructure , Nanotechnology/methods , Arsenicals/radiation effects , Computer Simulation , Indium/radiation effects , Macromolecular Substances/chemistry , Macromolecular Substances/radiation effects , Materials Testing , Models, Molecular , Molecular Conformation/radiation effects , Nanostructures/radiation effects , Particle Size , Surface Properties/radiation effectsABSTRACT
The incidence of SLC6A4 gene 5HTTLPR polymorphism alleles was evaluated in 223 male athletes engaged in endurance sports, the results were compared with those in 177 male nonathletes. Association between 5-HTTLPR genotypes and the effect of exhaustive treadmill running on simple and complex visual reactions and critical flicker frequency threshold was studied. We found that the incidence of LL genotype was significantly higher in athletes in comparison to nonathletes; after exercise, the velocity of visual reactions and critical flicker frequency increased; exercise did not change the velocity of complex visual reaction in LL-carriers, and increased it in SS-carriers. We conclude that exhausting treadmill running leads to facilitation sensory information processing in athletes and that SS-carriers are more susceptible to the effect of exhaustive treadmill running than LL-carriers.
Subject(s)
Athletes , Exercise/physiology , Reaction Time/genetics , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Adult , Genotype , Humans , Male , Physical Endurance/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Young AdultABSTRACT
Changes in nerve conduction after 10-min electroneurostimulation of the posterior surface of the neck were studied. Changes in the parameters of laser-induced potentials obtained during stimulation of C7 dermatome on hands and posterior surface of the neck were found. Decrease in the amplitude and shortening of the component latency were shown. Method of laser-induced potentials was concluded to provide unbiased estimation of the level and peculiarities of analgesic effects of physical factors.
Subject(s)
Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory/physiology , Neural Conduction/physiology , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/methods , Adult , Hand/physiology , Humans , Laser Therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Neck/physiology , Nociceptors/physiologyABSTRACT
Changes in the functional status under the effect of intense mental exercise were studied in carriers of different variants of DAT1, DRD2, and COMT genes. The volunteers (n=140) performed 3-h monotonous mental work (information processing and logical problem solving). The degree of fatigue was evaluated before and after exercise by the HAM (Health status-Activity-Moods) and AMF (Acute Mental Fatigue) questionnaires. A significant relationship between the DAT1, DRD2, and COMT gene polymorphism and changes in the mental sphere status were revealed. The effects of these polymorphisms were the most pronounced in girls. The results are discussed within the framework of hypothesis on the effects of changes in the phasic/tonic dopamine proportion on the studied functions.
Subject(s)
Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics , Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Genetic Variation , Mental Fatigue/physiopathology , Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics , DNA Primers/genetics , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Fatigue/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sex Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
In order to test the "serotonin" hypothesis of the genesis of central fatigue, we studied association between genotype and fatigue (3-hour mental workload consisting of information processing and logical task solution) using analysis of variance for different indices (well-being, activity, mood, mental fatigue index). It was concluded that young men with serotonin deficit (LL genotype) and girls with serotonin excess (S genotype) were less tolerant to long-lasting mental workload. Thus, we confirmed that the degree of central fatigue depends on the function of the serotonin system and revealed gender differences in adaptive capacities of carriers of different variants of serotonin transporter.
Subject(s)
Fatigue/genetics , Mental Processes , Polymorphism, Genetic , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Sex Characteristics , Affect , Alleles , Analysis of Variance , Female , Humans , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychological Tests , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
We studied the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism on human emotional state in humans (189 athletes and 212 volunteers not engaged in sport activity). The distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme genotypes was estimated. The dependence of aggression on age, sex, and professional activity was evaluated. This polymorphism was associated with physical aggression in female synchronized swimmers. Physical aggression in II genotype carriers was lower than in D allele carriers. Our results indicate that individual differences in aggression depend on professional activity and are genetically determined.
Subject(s)
Emotions/physiology , Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aggression/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/physiology , Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics , Sports/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Genetic and psychological analysis of the relationships between catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and various types of aggressiveness was performed in 114 women. Dispersion analysis revealed significant association of ValVal genotype with elevated physical aggression.
Subject(s)
Aggression , Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Adolescent , Child , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Male , Methionine/genetics , Personality/genetics , Valine/genetics , Young AdultABSTRACT
Associations of functional polymorphism in genes of dopamine receptor DRD2, dopamine transporter DAT, and dopamine degrading enzyme COMT with variations in anxiety sensitivity threshold were studied. On the basis of genetic and psychological analysis, an attempt was undertaken to evaluate the relationship of DRD2, DAT and COMT genotypes with values obtained using different anxiety scales. It was found that carriers of VA1(+)9(+) genotype exhibit increased anxiety and significantly differed from individuals with other genotypes. The results were illustrated with model of dopamine diffusion in the extracellular space of the striatum in carriers of different genotypes.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics , Dopamine/metabolism , Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Female , Genetic Markers , Genotype , Humans , Male , Models, Biological , Models, Theoretical , Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics , Young AdultABSTRACT
The association between the subjective time perception and polymorphism of some genes, regulating activity of serotonin and dopamine, was studied in 89 synchronized swimmers. COMT gene, responsible for dopamine destruction, influences on reproduction of short time intervals (1-2 s). 5-HT2A and MAOA genes, regulating activity of serotonin, influence on subjective time flow. 5-HTT and COMT genes, regulating activity of serotonin and dopamine respectively, are related with accuracy of orientation in time. Association of time perception with different genes and mediators suggests different perception mechanisms, in different time ranges, in concordance with the previous physiological studies. The current study reveals that these physiological mechanisms have different molecular-neurochemical basis that helps to overcome the gap between the investigation on systemic and molecular levels.
Subject(s)
Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics , Monoamine Oxidase/genetics , Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Swimming , Time Perception , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Dopamine/metabolism , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, Genetic , Serotonin/metabolismABSTRACT
Genetic variations of serotonin transporter gene (5HTT) are closely related with human adaptive ability to control emotions and are very attractive in investigation of athletes whose life is accompanied by high emotional pressure. This study was concerned with the effect of genetic polymorphism of 5HTT on aggression of athletes. In total, the study enrolled 86 synchronized swimmers. Analysis of genotype was carried out in 73 young females (aged 8-18) actively engaged in competitions. Psychological testing of aggression (Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory) was performed in 64 sportswomen. Analysis of correlation between scores on the primary scales of this test and genotypic features showed that scores of Indirect Hostility were higher but scores of Irritability and Negativism were lower in sportswomen with genotype of the SS type as compared to other groups (LS and LL types). The correlation of 5HTT genotype, aggressiveness and success in competitions is discussed.
Subject(s)
Aggression/physiology , Impulsive Behavior/psychology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Sports/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aggression/psychology , Child , Female , Genotype , Humans , Impulsive Behavior/genetics , Middle Aged , Promoter Regions, GeneticSubject(s)
Dopamine/metabolism , Personality/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Receptors, Dopamine/genetics , Sports , Temperament , Animals , Humans , MiceABSTRACT
The monomer form of prolactin prevailed in the blood of cows and she-goats in the physiological conditions associated with an intensive prolactin secretion. The dimer's content increased at the final stage of lactation and in pregnancy. High level of prolactin was found in the colostrum, a form of the prolactin with the milk mass over 100000 having been identified in the soluble fraction of milk. This particular form seems to appear directly in the mammal gland by means of binding of the monomer with an unknown protein.
Subject(s)
Colostrum/chemistry , Prolactin/analysis , Ruminants/physiology , Animals , Cattle , Chromatography, Gel/methods , Female , Goats , Lactation/physiology , Molecular Weight , Pregnancy , Radioimmunoassay/methodsSubject(s)
Hemophilia A/complications , Knee Joint/abnormalities , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Hemarthrosis/etiology , Hemophilia B/complications , Humans , Infant , Male , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Results of chemical synovectomy of knee joints with 70 per cent ethyl alcohol were analyzed in patients with hemophilia. The chemical synovectomy proved to be effective at early stages of hemophilic arthropathy and may be used in order to prevent progress of hemophilic arthropathy in patients with recurrent hemarthroses.