Sarcoidosis and Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Granulomas following COVID-19 Vaccination (ChAdOx1): Successful Treatment with Tofacitinib.

Sarcoidosis and complications related to fillers have been reported following the COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, cutaneous sarcoidosis has been observed around polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) injection sites. Foreign-body reactions to PMMA can occur simultaneously with systemic sarcoidosis, suggesting a shared pathogenic mechanism between both conditions. To report a case of sarcoidosis and PMMA granulomas following COVID-19 vaccination (ChAdOx11), successfully treated with tofacitinib. We present a 59-year-old woman who developed systemic sarcoidosis and a granulomatous reaction to PMMA filler following the COVID-19 vaccination (ChAdOx11). Notably, both PMMA and the vaccine were potential triggers for sarcoidosis. Treatment with tofacitinib produced marked improvement in both the cutaneous and pulmonary involvement of sarcoidosis and the granulomatous reaction to PMMA. This successful outcome suggests tofacitinib, a pan-JAK inhibitor, an alternative treatment for cutaneous and systemic sarcoidosis, as well as a potential therapy for granulomatous complications of dermal fillers, such as PMMA.

Language Statistics at Different Spatial, Temporal, and Grammatical Scales.

In recent decades, the field of statistical linguistics has made significant strides, which have been fueled by the availability of data. Leveraging Twitter data, this paper explores the English and Spanish languages, investigating their rank diversity across different scales: temporal intervals (ranging from 3 to 96 h), spatial radii (spanning 3 km to over 3000 km), and grammatical word ngrams (ranging from 1-grams to 5-grams). The analysis focuses on word ngrams, examining a time period of 1 year (2014) and eight different countries. Our findings highlight the relevance of all three scales with the most substantial changes observed at the grammatical level. Specifically, at the monogram level, rank diversity curves exhibit remarkable similarity across languages, countries, and temporal or spatial scales. However, as the grammatical scale expands, variations in rank diversity become more pronounced and influenced by temporal, spatial, linguistic, and national factors. Additionally, we investigate the statistical characteristics of Twitter-specific tokens, including emojis, hashtags, and user mentions, revealing a sigmoid pattern in their rank diversity function. These insights contribute to quantifying universal language statistics while also identifying potential sources of variation.

New clinical approach in facial mild-moderate acne: Re-stabilization of skin microbiota balance with a topical biotechnological phytocomplex.

OBJECTIVES: Dysbiosis of the skin microbiota has been identified as a key factor in the development of acne. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of a facial cream gel containing a biotechnological phytocomplex, niacinamide and succinic acid on the bacterial diversity of subjects with mild-moderate acne and its clinical benefits due to microbiota changes. METHODS: Open-label, clinical study in 44 subjects with mild-moderate acne treated with a facial cream gel for 8 weeks. Bacterial diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of skin samples. Clinical effects were evaluated using the IGA acne severity scale, biometric measurements, and safety. RESULTS: After 56 days of product's use, an increase in alpha and beta diversity was found (p < 0.01), with a decrease in the relative abundance of C. acnes (48.99% vs. 38.83%, p < 0.001). Regarding clinical results, a decrease in acne severity on the IGA scale (27.33%, p < 0.001), number of non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions (respectively: 31.12%, p = 0.05; 42.27%, p < 0.001), amount of sebum (89.00%, p < 0.01) and erythema (15.35%, p < 0.01), was found. Responder analysis of the IGA score showed that 61.36% of patients improved by at least one point at day 56. The product was well tolerated throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the facial cream gel on skin was effective in rebalancing the microbiota, inhibiting biofilm formation and other virulence factors, reducing the number of mild-moderate acne lesions and sebum secretion, and consequently improving acne's severity.

Sourdough Bread with Different Fermentation Times: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome.

The Mediterranean diet, featuring sourdough bread, shows promise in managing metabolic syndrome. This study explored the effects of two sourdough breads, with differing fermentation times but similar nutritional profiles, on inflammation, satiety, and gut microbiota composition in adults with metabolic syndrome. In a double-blind clinical trial, participants were randomized to consume either Elias Boulanger® long-fermentation (48 h) sourdough bread (EBLong) or Elias Boulanger® short-fermentation (2 h) sourdough bread (EBShort) over a two-month period. We assessed clinical parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, satiety-related hormones, and the richness and abundance of gut microbiota at baseline and follow-up. The participants included 31 individuals (mean age, 67, 51.6% female). EBShort was associated with reduced levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), and all participants, regardless of the intervention, exhibited a decrease in sICAM and diastolic pressure from baseline (p < 0.017). At follow-up, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were lower in EBShort (-744 pg/mL; 95%CI: -282 to -1210 pg/mL) compared to EBLong. No differences in microbiota richness or abundance were observed. EBShort bread was effective in reducing some inflammation markers. The consumption of sourdough bread may offer potential benefits in reducing inflammation markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome; however, longer fermentation times did not show additional benefits.

Nano-Photonic Crystal D-Shaped Fiber Devices for Label-Free Biosensing at the Attomolar Limit of Detection.

Maintaining both high sensitivity and large figure of merit (FoM) is crucial in regard to the performance of optical devices, particularly when they are intended for use as biosensors with extremely low limit of detection (LoD). Here, a stack of nano-assembled layers in the form of 1D photonic crystal, deposited on D-shaped single-mode fibers, is created to meet these criteria, resulting in the generation of Bloch surface wave resonances. The increase in the contrast between high and low refractive index (RI) nano-layers, along with the reduction of losses, enables not only to achieve high sensitivity, but also a narrowed resonance bandwidth, leading to a significant enhancement in the FoM. Preliminary testing for bulk RI sensitivity is carried out, and the effect of an additional nano-layer that mimics a biological layer where binding interactions occur is also considered. Finally, the biosensing capability is assessed by detecting immunoglobulin G in serum at very low concentrations, and a record LoD of 70 aM is achieved. An optical fiber biosensor that is capable of attaining extraordinarily low LoD in the attomolar range is not only a remarkable technical outcome, but can also be envisaged as a powerful tool for early diagnosis of diseases.

A new topical biotechnological phytocomplex for truncal mild-moderate acne restores skin microbiota balance.

BACKGROUND: The disruption of the microbial community or dysbiosis alters the functional composition, metabolic activity, and local distribution of the microbiota leading the development of acne. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a lotion containing a biotechnological phytocomplex, niacinamide, and succinic acid in the bacterial diversity of subjects with truncal mild-moderate acne and its clinical benefits due to microbiota changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Open, clinical study in 43 subjects with truncal mild-moderate acne treated with a lotion for 8 weeks. Bacterial diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of skin samples. Clinical effects were evaluated through IGA acne severity scale, biometric measurements, and safety. RESULTS: After 56 days of product's use, an increase in richness alpha diversity was found (p = 0.005), with a decrease in Cutibacterium acnes relative abundance (66.43% vs. 58.11%, p = 0.009). The clinical results showed a decrease in IGA score (27.59% decrease; p = 0.001), the inflammatory lesions (52.12% decrease, p = 0.006) and erythema (18.33% decrease, p = 0.007), and desquamation index (63.83% decrease, p = 0.02). The responder analysis of the IGA score showed that 60.47% of patients improved by at least one point at day 56. The product was well tolerated along the study. CONCLUSION: The use of the lotion on acneic skin was effective on rebalancing the microbiota, inhibiting biofilm formation and other virulence factors, reducing erythema and desquamation, and improving acne's severity.

HIV-infected Latin American asylum seekers in Madrid, Spain, 2022: A prospective cohort study from a major gateway in Europe.

BackgroundRecent migration trends have shown a notable entry of Latin American asylum seekers to Madrid, Spain.AimTo characterise the profile of asylum-seeking Latin American migrants who are living with HIV in Spain and to outline the barriers they face in accessing HIV treatment.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted between 2022 and 2023 with a 6-month follow-up period. Latin American asylum seekers living with HIV were recruited mainly from non-governmental organisations and received care at an HIV clinic in a public hospital in Madrid.ResultsWe included 631 asylum seekers. The primary countries of origin were Colombia (30%), Venezuela (30%) and Peru (18%). The median age was 32 years (interquartile range (IQR): 28-37), and 553 (88%) were cis men of which 94% were men who have sex with men. Upon their arrival, 49% (n = 309) lacked social support, and 74% (n = 464) faced barriers when attempting to access the healthcare system. Upon entry in Europe, 500 (77%) participants were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). At their first evaluation at the HIV clinic, only 386 (61%) had continued taking ART and 33% (n = 209) had detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. Six months later, 99% took ART and 98% had achieved an undetectable viral load.ConclusionsLatin American asylum seekers living with HIV in Madrid, Spain encountered barriers to healthcare and to ART. One-third of these individuals presented detectable HIV viral load when assessed in the HIV clinic, highlighting this as an important public health issue.

Trauma resulting in rare avulsion-type renal injury and lobe migration: An uncommon case report.

In this case report, we discuss a rare incident of avulsion-type renal injury in a 24-year-old male with no significant medical history. The injury occurred during a traffic accident, where he was involved in a direct impact collision between a motorcycle and a vehicle, leading to altered corticomedullary differentiation in the right kidney, a retroperitoneal hematoma, and free fluid in the cavity. The patient underwent successful emergency abdominal surgery, which involved the removal of the damaged kidney due to the severity of the injury. During his postoperative recovery in the ICU, he received extensive care, including sedation, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support. Ultimately, he made a successful recovery and was discharged after rehabilitation. This case highlights the complexities involved in managing patients with renal injuries resulting from high-energy impact accidents. It emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in treatment, the challenges associated with deciding on surgical intervention, and the significance of rehabilitation in patient recovery. The uniqueness of this case, characterized by its distinct mechanism of injury and the severity of the trauma, contributes to our broader understanding of renal trauma management in the field of trauma medicine. It underscores the need for personalized patient care strategies and emphasizes the effectiveness of surgical interventions in severe cases of renal trauma.

Tumor-derived hypoxic small extracellular vesicles promote endothelial cell migration and tube formation via ALS2/Rab5/ß-catenin signaling.

Tumor hypoxia has been associated with cancer progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis via modifications in the release and cargo composition of extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor cells. Indeed, hypoxic extracellular vesicles are known to trigger a variety of angiogenic responses via different mechanisms. We recently showed that hypoxia promotes endosomal signaling in tumor cells via HIF-1α-dependent induction of the guanine exchange factor ALS2, which activates Rab5, leading to downstream events involved in cell migration and invasion. Since Rab5-dependent signaling is required for endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, we explored the possibility that hypoxia promotes the release of small extracellular vesicles containing ALS2, which in turn activate Rab5 in recipient endothelial cells leading to pro-angiogenic properties. In doing so, we found that hypoxia promoted ALS2 expression and incorporation as cargo within small extracellular vesicles, leading to subsequent transfer to recipient endothelial cells and promoting cell migration, tube formation, and downstream Rab5 activation. Consequently, ALS2-containing small extracellular vesicles increased early endosome size and number in recipient endothelial cells, which was followed by subsequent sequestration of components of the ß-catenin destruction complex within endosomal compartments, leading to stabilization and nuclear localization of ß-catenin. These events converged in the expression of ß-catenin target genes involved in angiogenesis. Knockdown of ALS2 in donor tumor cells precluded its incorporation into small extracellular vesicles, preventing Rab5-downstream events and endothelial cell responses, which depended on Rab5 activity and guanine exchange factor activity of ALS2. These findings indicate that vesicular ALS2, secreted in hypoxia, promotes endothelial cell events leading to angiogenesis. Finally, these events might explain how tumor angiogenesis proceeds in hypoxic conditions.

Unified scaling for the optimal path length in disordered lattices.

In recent decades, much attention has been focused on the topic of optimal paths in weighted networks due to its broad scientific interest and technological applications. In this work we revisit the problem of the optimal path between two points and focus on the role of the geometry (size and shape) of the embedding lattice, which has received very little attention. This role becomes crucial, for example, in the strong disorder (SD) limit, where the mean length of the optimal path (ℓ[over ¯]_{opt}) for a fixed end-to-end distance r diverges as the lattice size L increases. We propose a unified scaling ansatz for ℓ[over ¯]_{opt} in D-dimensional disordered lattices. Our ansatz introduces two exponents, φ and χ, which respectively characterize the scaling of ℓ[over ¯]_{opt} with r for fixed L, and the scaling of ℓ[over ¯]_{opt} with L for fixed r, both in the SD limit. The ansatz is supported by a comprehensive numerical study of the problem on 2D lattices, yet we also present results in D=3. We show that it unifies well-known results in the strong and weak disorder regimes, including the crossover behavior, but it also reveals novel scaling scenarios not yet addressed. Moreover, it provides relevant insights into the origin of the universal exponents characterizing the scaling of the optimal path in the SD limit. For example, for the fractal dimension of the optimal path in the SD limit, d_{opt}, we find d_{opt}=φ+χ.

Shape effects in the fluctuations of random isochrones on a square lattice.

We consider the isochrone curves in first-passage percolation on a 2D square lattice, i.e., the boundary of the set of points which can be reached in less than a given time from a certain origin. The occurrence of an instantaneous average shape is described in terms of its Fourier components, highlighting a crossover between a diamond and a circular geometry as the noise level is increased. Generally, these isochrones can be understood as fluctuating interfaces with an inhomogeneous local width which reveals the underlying lattice structure. We show that once these inhomogeneities have been taken into account, the fluctuations fall into the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class with very good accuracy, where they reproduce the Family-Vicsek Ansatz with the expected exponents and the Tracy-Widom histogram for the local radial fluctuations.

Gene Expression and Prognostic Value of NADPH Oxidase Enzymes in Breast Cancer.

NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX) are involved in all stages of carcinogenesis, but their expression levels and prognostic value in breast cancer (BC) remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess the expression and prognostic value of NOX enzymes in BC samples using online databases. For this, mRNA expression from 290 normal breast tissue samples and 1904 BC samples obtained from studies on cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and The Human Protein Atlas were analyzed. We found higher levels of NOX2, NOX4, and Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) in normal breast tissue. NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 exhibited higher expression in BC, except for the basal subtype, where NOX4 expression was lower. DUOX1 mRNA levels were lower in all BC subtypes. NOX2, NOX4, and NOX5 mRNA levels increased with tumor progression stages, while NOX1 and DUOX1 expression decreased in more advanced stages. Moreover, patients with low expression of NOX1, NOX4, and DUOX1 had lower survival rates than those with high expression of these enzymes. In conclusion, our data suggest an overexpression of NOX enzymes in breast cancer, with certain isoforms showing a positive correlation with tumor progression.

Promoting advanced medical services in the framework of 3PM-a proof-of-concept by the "Centro" Region of Portugal.

Multidisciplinary team from three universities based in the "Centro" Region of Portugal developed diverse approaches as parts of a project dedicated to enhancing and expanding Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medicine (3PM) in the Region. In a sense, outcomes acted as a proof-of-concept, in that they demonstrated the feasibility, but also the relevance of the approaches. The accomplishments comprise defining a new regional strategy for implementing 3PM within the Region, training of human resources in genomic sequencing, and generating good practices handbooks dedicated to diagnostic testing via next-generation sequencing, to legal and ethical concerns, and to knowledge transfer and entrepreneurship, aimed at increasing literacy on 3PM approaches. Further approaches also included support for entrepreneurship development and start-ups, and diverse and relevant initiatives aimed at increasing literacy relevant to 3PM. Efforts to enhance literacy encompassed citizens across the board, from patients and high school students to health professionals and health students. This focus on empowerment through literacy involved a variety of initiatives, including the creation of an illustrated book on genomics and the production of two theater plays centered on genetics. Additionally, authors stressed that genomic tools are relevant, but they are not the only resources 3PM is based on. Thus, they defend that other initiatives intended to enable citizens to take 3PM should include multi-omics and, having in mind the socio-economic burden of chronic diseases, suboptimal health status approaches in the 3PM framework should also be considered, in order to anticipate medical intervention in the subclinical phase. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-024-00353-9.

Nb-Based Catalysts for the Valorization of Furfural into Valuable Product through in One-Pot Reaction.

Nb-based catalysts supported on porous silica with different textural properties have been synthesized, characterized, and tested in the one-pot reaction of furfural to obtain valuable chemicals. The catalytic results reveal that the presence of fluoride in the synthesis, which limits the growing of the porous silica, limits diffusional problems of the porous silica, obtaining higher conversion values at shorter reaction times. On the other hand, the incorporation of NbOx species in the porous silica provides Lewis acid sites and a small proportion of Brönsted acid sites, in such a way that the main products are alkyl furfuryl ethers, which can be used as fuel additives.

Lung cancer screening in Brazil: recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, Brazilian Thoracic Association, and Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging.

Although lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common and lethal tumors, only 15% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Smoking is still responsible for more than 85% of cases. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces LC-related mortality by 20%, and that reduction reaches 38% when LCS by LDCT is combined with smoking cessation. In the last decade, a number of countries have adopted population-based LCS as a public health recommendation. Albeit still incipient, discussion on this topic in Brazil is becoming increasingly broad and necessary. With the aim of increasing knowledge and stimulating debate on LCS, the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, the Brazilian Thoracic Association, and the Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging convened a panel of experts to prepare recommendations for LCS in Brazil. The recommendations presented here were based on a narrative review of the literature, with an emphasis on large population-based studies, systematic reviews, and the recommendations of international guidelines, and were developed after extensive discussion by the panel of experts. The following topics were reviewed: reasons for screening; general considerations about smoking; epidemiology of LC; eligibility criteria; incidental findings; granulomatous lesions; probabilistic models; minimum requirements for LDCT; volumetric acquisition; risks of screening; minimum structure and role of the multidisciplinary team; practice according to the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System; costs versus benefits of screening; and future perspectives for LCS.

Liposarcomas paratesticulares simultáneos con diferencias histopatológicas. Reporte de un caso

El liposarcoma es un tumor de origen mesenquimal que se presenta comúnmente en el retroperitoneo; es de crecimiento lento y su capacidad de producir metástasis depende de su tipo histológico. Este trabajo tiene como propósito presentar un caso de liposarcomas paratesticulares simultáneos con diferentes tipos histológicos, en un paciente masculino, de 80 años con antecedentes de salud y nivel socioeconómico bajo que venía presentando desde hacía dos años aumento de volumen en la región inguinal izquierda y testículo ipsilateral, al inicio fue indoloro; luego, a medida que aumentó de tamaño se tornó doloroso, abarcando la región inguinoescrotal derecha en su totalidad. El examen físico, incluido el signo de la transiluminación fue negativo. El estudio analítico mostró solamente velocidad de sedimentación globular en 95 mm/h y la LDH en 650 U/l; la ecografía testicular mostró una masa heterogénea, solida e hiperecoica, de aspecto graso inguinoescrotal y de más de 30 cm, sin llegarse a observar el testículo. Se realizó exéresis tumoral encontrándose tres tumores liposarcomatosos, dos de ellos con características histopatológicas similares y el otro con patrón histológico diferente. Luego del tratamiento quirúrgico el paciente se recuperó satisfactoriamente y no ha presentado recidiva según los controles periódicos realizados. Se consideró la publicación del caso pues los liposarcomas pueden llegar a confundirse a la exploración clínica con la presencia de una hernia inguinal de contenido graso con sintomatología similar a estas; por lo que debe hacerse una exploración clínica exhaustiva para realizar un correcto diagnóstico. El estudio histopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico de la enfermedad que, además, reveló la presencia de tres tumores liposarcomatosos y dos variantes histopatológicas del mismo, de lo cual no se encontraron reportes en la literatura revisada.

Liposarcoma is a mesenchymal origin tumor that commonly occurs in the retroperitoneum; It is slow growing and its ability to produce metastasis depends on its histological type. The purpose of this work is to present a case of simultaneous paratesticular liposarcomas with different histological types, in an 80-years-old male patient with a health history and low socioeconomic level; For two years he had been experiencing an increase in volume in the left inguinal region and ipsilateral testicle, which at first was painless; Then, as it increased in size, it became painful, covering the entire right inguinoscrotal region. Physical examination, including transillumination sign, was negative. The analytical study only showed erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 95 mm/h and LDH at 650 U/l; The testicular ultrasound showed heterogeneous, solid and hyperechoic mass, with a fatty inguinoscrotal appearance and measuring more tan 30 cm, without the testicle being observed. Tumor excision was performed and three liposarcomatous tumors were found, two of them with similar histopathological characteristics and the other with a different histological pattern. After the surgical treatment, the patient recovered satisfactorily and has not had a recurrence according to the periodic controls carried out. The publication of the case was considered because liposarcomas can be confused on clinical examination with the presence of an inguinal hernia with fatty content with symptoms similar to these; Therefore, a thorough clinical examination must be performed to make a correct diagnosis. The histopathological study confirmed the diagnosis of the disease; which, in addition, revealed the presence of three liposarcomatous tumors and two histopathological variants of the same, from which no reports were found in the reviewed literature.

An accurate aging clock developed from large-scale gut microbiome and human gene expression data.

Accurate measurement of the biological markers of the aging process could provide an "aging clock" measuring predicted longevity and enable the quantification of the effects of specific lifestyle choices on healthy aging. Using machine learning techniques, we demonstrate that chronological age can be predicted accurately from (1) the expression level of human genes in capillary blood and (2) the expression level of microbial genes in stool samples. The latter uses a very large metatranscriptomic dataset, stool samples from 90,303 individuals, which arguably results in a higher quality microbiome-aging model than prior work. Our analysis suggests associations between biological age and lifestyle/health factors, e.g., people on a paleo diet or with IBS tend to have higher model-predicted ages and people on a vegetarian diet tend to have lower model-predicted ages. We delineate the key pathways of systems-level biological decline based on the age-specific features of our model.

Lung cancer screening in Brazil: recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, Brazilian Thoracic Association, and Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging / Recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Torácica, Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia e Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem para o rastreamento do câncer de pulmão no Brasil

ABSTRACT Although lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common and lethal tumors, only 15% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Smoking is still responsible for more than 85% of cases. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces LC-related mortality by 20%, and that reduction reaches 38% when LCS by LDCT is combined with smoking cessation. In the last decade, a number of countries have adopted population-based LCS as a public health recommendation. Albeit still incipient, discussion on this topic in Brazil is becoming increasingly broad and necessary. With the aim of increasing knowledge and stimulating debate on LCS, the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, the Brazilian Thoracic Association, and the Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging convened a panel of experts to prepare recommendations for LCS in Brazil. The recommendations presented here were based on a narrative review of the literature, with an emphasis on large population-based studies, systematic reviews, and the recommendations of international guidelines, and were developed after extensive discussion by the panel of experts. The following topics were reviewed: reasons for screening; general considerations about smoking; epidemiology of LC; eligibility criteria; incidental findings; granulomatous lesions; probabilistic models; minimum requirements for LDCT; volumetric acquisition; risks of screening; minimum structure and role of the multidisciplinary team; practice according to the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System; costs versus benefits of screening; and future perspectives for LCS.

RESUMO O câncer de pulmão (CP) é uma das neoplasias mais comuns e letais no Brasil, e apenas 15% dos pacientes são diagnosticados nos estágios iniciais. O tabagismo persiste como o responsável por mais de 85% de todos os casos. O rastreamento do CP (RCP) por meio da TC de baixa dosagem de radiação (TCBD) reduz a mortalidade do CP em 20%, e, quando combinado com a cessação do tabagismo, essa redução chega a 38%. Na última década, diversos países adotaram o RCP como recomendação de saúde populacional. No Brasil, embora ainda incipiente, a discussão sobre o tema é cada vez mais ampla e necessária. Com o intuito de aumentar o conhecimento e estimular o debate sobre o RCP, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Torácica, a Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia e o Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem constituíram um painel de especialistas para elaborar as recomendações para o RCP. As recomendações aqui apresentadas foram baseadas em revisão narrativa da literatura, com ênfase em grandes estudos populacionais, em revisões sistemáticas e em recomendações de diretrizes internacionais, sendo construídas após ampla discussão pelo grupo de especialistas. Os temas revisados foram os seguintes: porque rastrear, considerações gerais sobre tabagismo, epidemiologia do CP, critérios de elegibilidade, achados incidentais, lesões granulomatosas, modelos probabilísticos, requisitos mínimos da TCBD, aquisições volumétricas, riscos do rastreamento, estrutura mínima e papel da equipe multidisciplinar, conduta segundo o Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS), custos vs. benefícios e perspectivas do rastreamento.