ABSTRACT
This is a case report showing acute hypoxemia during anesthesia. Immediate differentiation using lung POCUS (point-of-care ultrasound), in addition to physical examination and portable chest radiography, was made. This is the first case report of sputum impaction due to pneumonia causing hypoxemia that has been detected by lung POCUS during anesthesia.
ABSTRACT
Since its outbreak in China, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused worldwide disaster. Globally, there have been 71,581,532 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 1,618,374 deaths, reported to World Health Organization (data retrieved on December 16, 2020). Currently, no treatment modalities for COVID-19 (e.g., vaccines or antiviral drugs) with confirmed efficacy and safety are available. Although the possibilities and relevant challenges of some alternatives (e.g., use of stem cells as immunomodulators) have been proposed, the personal protective equipment is still the only way to protect and lower infection rates of COVID-19 among healthcare workers and airway managers (intubators). In this article, we described the combined use of a plastic sheet as a barrier with the intubating stylet for tracheal intubation in patients needing mechanical ventilation. Although conventional or video-assisted laryngoscopy is more popular and familiar to other groups around the world, we believe that the video-assisted intubating stylet technique is much easier to learn and master. Advantages of the video stylet include the creation of greater working distance between intubator and patient, less airway stimulation, and less pharyngeal space needed for endotracheal tube advancement. All the above features make this technique reliable and superior to other devices, especially when a difficult airway is encountered in COVID scenario. Meanwhile, we proposed the use of a flexible and transparent plastic sheet to serve as a barrier against aerosol and droplet spread during airway management. We demonstrated that the use of a plastic sheet would not interfere or hinder the intubator's maneuvers during endotracheal intubation. Moreover, we demonstrated that the plastic sheet was effective in preventing the spread of mist and water spray in simulation models with a mannequin. In our experience, we found that this technique most effectively protected the intubator and other operating room personnel from infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/therapy , Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/prevention & control , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Personal Protective Equipment , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/transmission , Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Physical Distancing , Plastics/chemistry , Taiwan/epidemiology , Video Recording/instrumentationSubject(s)
Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Infection Control/instrumentation , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Inhalation Exposure/prevention & control , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Occupational Health , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Aerosols , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Equipment Design , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Humans , Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Protective Factors , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2 , Viral Load , Virus SheddingSubject(s)
Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , Plastics , Pneumonia, Viral , Airway Management , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Verbal orders in the operating room between the surgeon and circulating nurse are prevalent at many institutions. We present a case in which a communication breakdown involving a verbal order resulted in the patient receiving an excessively high dose of epinephrine via subcuticular infiltration. The overdose was quickly identified by an increase in T-wave amplitude on electrocardiogram (ECG). The hemodynamic changes were treated, and the patient suffered no long-term sequelae. This report emphasizes the need to have strategies in place to prevent medication errors.
Subject(s)
Drug Overdose/diagnosis , Epinephrine/adverse effects , Medical Errors/adverse effects , Propofol/administration & dosage , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Drug Overdose/drug therapy , Drug Overdose/physiopathology , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Humans , Infant , Male , Perioperative Period , Physician-Nurse Relations , Propofol/therapeutic use , Sevoflurane/administration & dosage , Sevoflurane/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Anesthesia, Dental , Anesthesiology , Laryngeal Masks , Child , Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal , Respiratory SystemABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve, is a pure sensory nerve that supplies the anteromedial aspect of the lower leg from the knee to the foot. There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided techniques to block the saphenous nerve. We therefore undertook a retrospective case series to investigate the efficacy of an ultrasound-guided subsartorial approach to saphenous nerve block. METHODS: During a four-month period, all patients receiving a subsartorial saphenous nerve block for lower extremity surgery at our institution had their medical records reviewed. Patient demographics and data were recorded, including block characteristics, intraoperative anesthetic management, pre-block, post-block, and postoperative pain scores, as well as postoperative analgesic dosing. Preoperative block success was defined by minimal intraoperative analgesic administration and a pain score of 0 in the postanesthesia care unit not requiring analgesic supplementation. Postoperative block success was defined by reduction of pain score to 0 without need for additional analgesic dosing. RESULTS: Thirty-nine consecutive patients were identified as receiving an ultrasound-guided subsartorial saphenous nerve block. Overall, this ultrasound-guided technique was found to have a 77% success rate. CONCLUSION: This case series shows that an ultrasound-guided subsartorial approach to saphenous nerve blockade is a moderately effective means to anesthetize the anteromedial lower extremity. The success rate is based on stringent criteria with an endpoint of postoperative analgesia. A randomized prospective study would provide a more definitive answer regarding the efficacy of this technique for surgical anesthesia.