Evolocumab Treatment in Dyslipidemic Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: One-Year Safety and Efficacy Results.

Background: The inhibition of PCSK9 lowered LDL cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. However, the effect on patients who have undergone surgical myocardial revascularization has not yet been evaluated. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2022, 180 dyslipidemic patients who underwent coronary artery bypass were included in the study. Until December 2019, 100 patients optimized therapy with statin ± ezetimibe (SG). Since January 2020, 80 matched patients added treatment with Evolocumab every 2 weeks (EG). All 180 patients were followed-up at 3 and 12 months, comparing outcomes. Results: The two groups are homogenous. At 3 months and 1 year, a significant decrease in the parameter mean levels of LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol is detected in the Evolocumab group compared to the standard group. No mortality was detected in either group. No complications or drug discontinuation were recorded. In the SG group, five patients (5%) suffered a myocardial infarction during the 1-year follow-up. In the EG group, two patients (2.5%) underwent PTCA due to myocardial infarction. There is no significant difference in overall survival according to the new treatment (p-value = 0.9), and the hazard ratio is equal to 0.94 (95% C.I.: [0.16-5.43]; p-value = 0.9397). Conclusions: The use of Evolocumab, which was started immediately after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, significantly reduced LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol levels compared to statin treatment alone and is completely safe. However, at one year of follow-up, this result did not have impact on the reduction in major clinical events.

Perioperative left ventricular perforation in incomplete TAVI and completion of the procedure after surgical repair.

BACKGROUND: The use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) continues to grow worldwide. Despite increased operator experience, evolution of the technique, and deflectable catheters, major complications still occur in ≤ 6% up to 8% of cases. Such major complications have been associated with a 2- to threefold increase in 30-day mortality. Complications specifically involving the aorta, aortic valve annulus, or left ventricle are rare, occurring in only 0.2-1.1% of cases. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 65-year-old female patient with left ventricular lateral wall perforation during incomplete implantation of a TAVI device, and successive percutaneous completion after surgical repair of the lesion under cardiopulmonary bypass. The surgical strategy and the type of surgical treatment depend on the type of perforation. In general, repair of the lesion and aortic valve replacement are performed. Removal of the TAVI prosthesis and excision of the native aortic valve are standard parts of this repair. CONCLUSION: Here we propose a safe alternative for the completion of the TAVI approach after surgical repair, which requires close coordination between the members of the heart team (anesthesiologist, perfusionist, cardiologist, nurse and cardiac surgeon).