Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion vs Standard of Care After Ischemic Stroke Despite Anticoagulation.

Importance: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have ischemic stroke despite taking oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) have a very high risk of recurrence. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a mechanical stroke prevention strategy that may provide additional protection in patients with thromboembolic events under OAT. Objective: To compare percutaneous LAAO with continuing OAT alone regarding stroke prevention in patients with AF who had a thromboembolic event despite taking OAT. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study was a propensity score-matched comparison of the STR-OAC LAAO cohort, an international collaboration of 21 sites combining patients from multiple prospective registries of patients who underwent LAAO between 2010 and 2022. STR-OAC LAAO cohort patients who had follow-up longer than 3 months were propensity score-matched to a previously published control cohort comprising patients from an established international collaboration of investigator-initiated prospective studies. This control cohort included patients with nonvalvular AF, recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, and follow-up longer than 3 months who were taking OAT before the index event. Analyses were adjusted for imbalances in gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, and CHA2 DS2-VASc score. Exposure: Left atrial appendage occlusion vs continuation of oral anticoagulation therapy alone (control group). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was time to first ischemic stroke. Results: Four hundred thirty-three patients from the STR-OAC LAAO cohort (mean [SD] age, 72 [9] years; 171 [39%] females and 262 [61%] males; mean [SD] CHA2 DS2-VASc score, 5.0 [1.6]) were matched to 433 of 1140 patients (38%) from the control group. During 2-year follow-up, 50 patients experienced ischemic stroke: an annualized event rate of 2.8% per patient-year in the STR-OAC LAAO group vs 8.9% per patient-year in the control group. Left atrial appendage occlusion was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.19-0.58; P < .001) compared with the control group. After LAAO, OAT was discontinued in 290 patients (67%), and the remaining 143 patients (33%) continued OAT after LAAO as an adjunctive therapy. Conclusions and Relevance: In patients with nonvalvular AF and a prior thromboembolic event despite taking OAT, LAAO was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke compared with continued OAT alone. Randomized clinical trial data are needed to confirm that LAAO may be a promising treatment option for this population with a very high risk of stroke.

Sudden Hemodynamic Deterioration of a 75-Year-Old Woman With Progressive Jaw Pain.

This case report describes a diagnosis of left ventricular anterior free-wall rupture in a patient given anticoagulant treatment for subacute myocardial infarction.

Trends in adoption of extravascular cardiac implantable electronic devices: the Dutch cohort.

INTRODUCTION: Conventional implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and pacemakers carry a risk of pocket- and lead-related complications in particular. To avoid these complications, extravascular devices (EVDs) have been developed, such as the subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) and leadless pacemaker (LP). However, data on patient or centre characteristics related to the actual adoption of EVDs are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess real-world nationwide trends in EVD adoption in the Netherlands. METHODS: Using the Netherlands Heart Registration, all consecutive patients with a de novo S­ICD or conventional single-chamber ICD implantation between 2012-2020, or de novo LP or conventional single-chamber pacemaker implantation between 2014-2020 were included. Trends in adoption are described for various patient and centre characteristics. RESULT: From 2012-2020, 2190 S­ICDs and 10,683 conventional ICDs were implanted; from 2014-2020, 712 LPs and 11,103 conventional pacemakers were implanted. The general use has increased (S-ICDs 8 to 21%; LPs 1 to 8%), but this increase seems to have reached a plateau. S­ICD recipients were younger than conventional ICD recipients (p < 0.001) and more often female (p < 0.001); LP recipients were younger than conventional pacemaker recipients (p < 0.001) and more often male (p = 0.03). Both S­ICDs and LPs were mainly implanted in high-volume centres with cardiothoracic surgery on-site, although over time S­ICDs were increasingly implanted in centres without cardiothoracic surgery (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This nationwide study demonstrated a relatively quick adoption of innovative EVDs with a plateau after approximately 4 years. S­ICD use is especially high in younger patients. EVDs are mainly implanted in high-volume centres with cardiothoracic surgery back-up, but S­ICD use is expanding beyond those centres.

Methamphetamine and the Synthetic Cathinone 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Produce Persistent Effects on Prefrontal and Striatal Microglial Morphology and Neuroimmune Signaling Following Repeated Binge-like Intake in Male and Female Rats.

Psychostimulants alter cellular morphology and activate neuroimmune signaling in a number of brain regions, yet few prior studies have investigated their persistence beyond acute abstinence or following high levels of voluntary drug intake. In this study, we examined the effects of the repeated binge-like self-administration (96 h/week for 3 weeks) of methamphetamine (METH) and 21 days of abstinence in female and male rats on changes in cell density, morphology, and cytokine levels in two addiction-related brain regions-the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dorsal striatum (DStr). We also examined the effects of similar patterns of intake of the cocaine-like synthetic cathinone derivative 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) or saline as a control. Robust levels of METH and MDPV intake (~500-1000 infusions per 96 h period) were observed in both sexes. We observed no changes in astrocyte or neuron density in either region, but decreases in dendritic spine densities were observed in PFC pyramidal and DStr medium spiny neurons. The microglial cell density was decreased in the PFC of METH self-administering animals, accompanied by evidence of microglial apoptosis. Changes in microglial morphology (e.g., decreased territorial volume and ramification and increased cell soma volume) were also observed, indicative of an inflammatory-like state. Multiplex analyses of PFC and DStr cytokine content revealed elevated levels of various interleukins and chemokines only in METH self-administering animals, with region- and sex-dependent effects. Our findings suggest that voluntary binge-like METH or MDPV intake induces similar cellular perturbations in the brain, but they are divergent neuroimmune responses that persist beyond the initial abstinence phase.

Divergent cardiac and renal effects of miR-181c-5p inhibition in a rodent heart failure model.

Aims: MiR-181c-5p overexpression associates with heart failure (HF) and cardiac damage, but the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of miR-181c-5p inhibition on cardiac function and fibrosis in a rodent model of diastolic dysfunction, and evaluated additional effects on kidney as relevant comorbid organ. Methods and results: Diastolic dysfunction was induced in male C57/BL6J mice (n = 20) by combining high-fat diet, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, and angiotensin II administration, and was compared to sham controls (n = 18). Mice were randomized to subcutaneous miR-181c-5p antagomiR (INH) or scrambled antagomiR injections (40 mg/kg/week). HF mice demonstrated diastolic dysfunction and increased fibrosis, which was attenuated by INH treatment. Remarkably, HF + INH animals had a threefold higher mortality rate (60%) compared to HF controls (20%). Histological examination revealed increased glomerular damage in all INH treated mice, and signs of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in mice who died prematurely. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a miR-181c-5p-related downregulation of cardiac but not renal Tgfbr1 in HF + INH mice, while INH treatment reduced renal but not cardiac Vegfa expression in all mice. Conclusion: This study demonstrates cardiac anti-fibrotic effects of miR-181c-5p inhibition in a rodent HF model through targeting of Tgfbr1 in the heart. Despite improved diastolic function, HF + INH mice had higher mortality due to increased predisposition for TMA, increased renal fibrosis and glomerular damage, associated with Vegfa downregulation in kidneys.

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Patients With Anticoagulation Failure vs Anticoagulation Contraindication.

BACKGROUND: Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) provides mechanical cardioembolic protection for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who cannot use oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT). Patients with a thrombotic event despite OAT are at high risk for recurrence and may also benefit from LAAO. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the efficacy of LAAO in AF patients with a thrombotic event on OAT compared to: 1) LAAO in AF patients with a contraindication for OAT; and 2) historical data. METHODS: The international LAAO after stroke despite oral anticoagulation (STR-OAC LAAO) collaboration included patients who underwent LAAO because of thrombotic events on OAT. This cohort underwent propensity score matching and was compared to the EWOLUTION (Evaluating Real-Life Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Receiving the WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Technology) registry, which represents patients who underwent LAAO because of OAT contraindications. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke. Event rates were compared between cohorts and with historical data without OAT, yielding relative risk reductions based on risk scores. RESULTS: Analysis of 438 matched pairs revealed no significant difference in the ischemic stroke rate between the STR-OAC LAAO and EWOLUTION cohorts (2.5% vs 1.9%; HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.72-2.61). STR-OAC LAAO patients exhibited a higher thromboembolic risk (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.04-2.83) but lower bleeding risk (HR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.88) compared to EWOLUTION patients. The mortality rate was slightly higher in EWOLUTION (4.3% vs 6.9%; log-rank P = 0.028). Relative risk reductions for ischemic stroke were 70% and 78% in STR-OAC LAAO and EWOLUTION, respectively, compared to historical data without OAT. CONCLUSIONS: LAAO in patients with a thrombotic event on OAT demonstrated comparable stroke rates to the OAT contraindicated population in EWOLUTION. The thromboembolic event rate was higher and the bleeding rate lower, reflecting the intrinsically different risk profile of both populations. Until randomized trials are available, LAAO may be considered in patients with an ischemic event on OAT.

Association of Biomarkers of Neuronal Injury and Inflammation With Insomnia Trajectories After Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Insomnia affects about one-third of patients with traumatic brain injury and is associated with worsened outcomes after injury. We hypothesized that higher levels of plasma neuroinflammation biomarkers at the time of TBI would be associated with worse 12-month insomnia trajectories. METHODS: Participants were prospectively enrolled from 18 level-1 trauma centers participating in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury study from February 26, 2014, to August 8, 2018. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), S100b, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) were collected on days 1 (D1) and 14 (D14) after TBI. The insomnia severity index was collected at 2 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. Participants were classified into insomnia trajectory classes based on a latent class model. We assessed the association of biomarkers with insomnia trajectories, controlling for medical and psychological comorbidities and demographics. RESULTS: Two thousand twenty-two individuals with TBI were studied. Elevations in D1 hsCRP were associated with persistent insomnia (severe, odds ratio [OR] = 1.33 [1.11, 1.59], p = 0.002; mild, OR = 1.10 [1.02, 1.19], p = 0.011). Similarly, D14 hsCRP elevations were associated with persistent insomnia (severe, OR = 1.27 [1.02, 1.59], p = 0.03). Of interest, D1 GFAP was lower in persistent severe insomnia (median [Q1, Q3]: 154 [19, 445] pg/mL) compared with resolving mild (491 [154, 1,423], p < 0.001) and persistent mild (344 [79, 1,287], p < 0.001). D14 GFAP was similarly lower in persistent (11.8 [6.4, 19.4], p = 0.001) and resolving (13.9 [10.3, 20.7], p = 0.011) severe insomnia compared with resolving mild (20.6 [12.4, 39.6]. Accordingly, increases in D1 GFAP were associated with reduced likelihood of having persistent severe (OR = 0.76 [95% CI 0.63-0.92], p = 0.004) and persistent mild (OR = 0.88 [0.81, 0.96], p = 0.003) compared with mild resolving insomnia. No differences were found with other biomarkers. DISCUSSION: Elevated plasma hsCRP and, surprisingly, lower GFAP were associated with adverse insomnia trajectories after TBI. Results support future prospective studies to examine their utility in guiding insomnia care after TBI. Further work is needed to explore potential mechanistic connections between GFAP levels and the adverse insomnia trajectories.

Expression of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 is required for virus-specific mouse CD8+ T cell memory development.

Lactate-proton symporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) facilitates lactic acid export from T cells. Here, we report that MCT1 is mandatory for the development of virus-specific CD8+ T cell memory. MCT1-deficient T cells were exposed to acute pneumovirus (pneumonia virus of mice, PVM) or persistent γ-herpesvirus (Murid herpesvirus 4, MuHV-4) infection. MCT1 was required for the expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells and the control of virus replication in the acute phase of infection. This situation prevented the subsequent development of virus-specific T cell memory, a necessary step in containing virus reactivation during γ-herpesvirus latency. Instead, persistent active infection drove virus-specific CD8+ T cells toward functional exhaustion, a phenotype typically seen in chronic viral infections. Mechanistically, MCT1 deficiency sequentially impaired lactic acid efflux from activated CD8+ T cells, caused an intracellular acidification inhibiting glycolysis, disrupted nucleotide synthesis in the upstream pentose phosphate pathway, and halted cell proliferation which, ultimately, promoted functional CD8+ T cell exhaustion instead of memory development. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MCT1 expression is mandatory for inducing T cell memory and controlling viral infection by CD8+ T cells.

Best practices for implementing a technology-based intervention protocol: Participant and researcher considerations.

Technology-based interventions present a promising approach to support health and wellness for older adults with a range of cognitive abilities. Technology can enhance access to interventions and support scaling of programs to reach more people. However, the use of technology for intervention delivery requires particular attention to users' needs and preferences and ensuring the materials are adaptable and supportive of a diverse range of technology proficiency levels. We share best practices based on lessons learned from the deployment of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) wherein we delivered an 8-week social engagement intervention through a video technology platform called OneClick for older adults with varying cognitive abilities. We developed a set of best practices and guidelines informed by the lessons learned through this RCT implementation. Technology-based interventions require attention to the application (e.g., video calls), system requirements (e.g., system memory, broadband internet), training (e.g., adaptability based on user competency), and support (e.g., handouts, live contact). These best practices relate to user needs; training design; personnel responsibility; structuring delivery and content; and evaluating success. These research-based best practices can guide the design, development, and implementation of technology-based interventions to support older adults with varying cognitive abilities.

Pathophysiology and clinical relevance of atrial myopathy.

Atrial myopathy is a condition that consists of electrical, structural, contractile, and autonomic remodeling of the atria and is the substrate for development of atrial fibrillation, the most common arrhythmia. Pathophysiologic mechanisms driving atrial myopathy are inflammation, oxidative stress, atrial stretch, and neurohormonal signals, e.g., angiotensin-II and aldosterone. These mechanisms initiate the structural and functional remodeling of the atrial myocardium. Novel therapeutic strategies are being developed that target the pathophysiologic mechanisms of atrial myopathy. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of atrial myopathy, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Toward personalized care for insomnia in the US Army: a machine learning model to predict response to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The standard of care for military personnel with insomnia is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). However, only a minority seeking insomnia treatment receive CBT-I, and little reliable guidance exists to identify those most likely to respond. As a step toward personalized care, we present results of a machine learning (ML) model to predict CBT-I response. METHODS: Administrative data were examined for n = 1,449 nondeployed US Army soldiers treated for insomnia with CBT-I who had moderate-severe baseline Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores and completed 1 or more follow-up ISIs 6-12 weeks after baseline. An ensemble ML model was developed in a 70% training sample to predict clinically significant ISI improvement (reduction of at least 2 standard deviations on the baseline ISI distribution). Predictors included a wide range of military administrative and baseline clinical variables. Model accuracy was evaluated in the remaining 30% test sample. RESULTS: 19.8% of patients had clinically significant ISI improvement. Model area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (standard error) was 0.60 (0.03). The 20% of test-sample patients with the highest probabilities of improvement were twice as likely to have clinically significant improvement compared with the remaining 80% (36.5% vs 15.7%; χ21 = 9.2, P = .002). Nearly 85% of prediction accuracy was due to 10 variables, the most important of which were baseline insomnia severity and baseline suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: Pending replication, the model could be used as part of a patient-centered decision-making process for insomnia treatment. Parallel models will be needed for alternative treatments before such a system is of optimal value. CITATION: Gabbay FH, Wynn GH, Georg MW, et al. Toward personalized care for insomnia in the US Army: a machine learning model to predict response to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(6):921-931.

Peripheral Microvascular Dysfunction in Children and Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: A Literature Review.

Although there is a continually growing number of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) due to medical and surgical advances, these patients still have a poorer prognosis compared to healthy individuals of similar age. In patients with heart failure, microvascular dysfunction (MVD) has recently emerged as a crucial modulator of disease initiation and progression. Because of the substantial pathophysiological overlap between CHD and heart failure induced by other etiologies, MVD could be important in the pathophysiology of CHD as well. MVD is believed to be a systemic disease and may be manifested in several vascular beds. This review will focus on what is currently known about MVD in the peripheral vasculature in CHD. Therefore, a search on the direct assessment of the vasodilatory capacity of the peripheral microcirculation in patients with CHD was conducted in the PubMed database. Since there is little data available and the reported studies are also very heterogeneous, peripheral MVD in CHD is not sufficiently understood to date. Its exact extent and pathophysiological relevance remain to be elucidated in further research.

The impact of stoichiometry on the initial steps of crystal formation: Stability and lifetime of charged triple-ion complexes.

Minerals form in natural systems from solutions with varying ratios of their lattice ions, yet non-stoichiometric conditions have generally been overlooked in investigations of new formation (nucleation) of ionic crystals. Here, we investigated the influence of cation:anion ratio in the solution on the initial steps of nucleation by studying positively and negatively charged triple ion complexes and subsequent particle size evolution. Our model systems are carbonates and sulfates of calcium and barium, as it was recently shown that solution stoichiometry affects the timing and rate of their nucleation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and dynamic light scattering (DLS) flow experiments show that nucleation correlates with the stability and lifetime of the initial complexes, which were significantly impacted by the cation:anion stoichiometry and ion type. Specifically, B a S O 4 2 2 - ${{\rm B}{\rm a}{\left({{\rm S}{\rm O}}_{4}\right)}_{2}^{2-}}$ was found to have higher association constants and its lifetime was twofold longer than B a 2 S O 4 2 + ${{{\rm B}{\rm a}}_{2}{{\rm S}{\rm O}}_{4}^{2+}}$ . Similar trends were observed for B a C O 3 ${{{\rm B}{\rm a}{\rm C}{\rm O}}_{3}}$ and C a S O 4 ${{{\rm C}{\rm a}{\rm S}{\rm O}}_{4}}$ . Contrastingly, for C a C O 3 ${{{\rm C}{\rm a}{\rm C}{\rm O}}_{3}}$ , C a C O 3 2 2 - ${{\rm C}{\rm a}{\left({{\rm C}{\rm O}}_{3}\right)}_{2}^{2-}}$ was found to have lower association constants and its lifetime was shorter than C a 2 C O 3 2 + ${{{\rm C}{\rm a}}_{2}{{\rm C}{\rm O}}_{3}^{2+}}$ . These trends in stability and lifetime follow the same asymmetrical behaviour as observed experimentally for particle formation using techniques like DLS. This suggests a causal relationship between the stability and lifetime of the initial charged complexes and the nucleation under non-stoichiometric conditions.

Cardioversion strategy impacts rate control during recurrences in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A subanalysis of the RACE 7 ACWAS trial.

BACKGROUND: In the Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion Trial 7-Acute Cardioversion versus Wait and See, patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) were randomized to either early or delayed cardioversion. AIM: This prespecified sub-analysis aimed to evaluate heart rate during AF recurrences after an emergency department (ED) visit identified by an electrocardiogram (ECG)-based handheld device. METHODS: After the ED visit, included patients (n = 437) were asked to use an ECG-based handheld device to monitor for recurrences during the 4-week follow-up period. 335 patients used the handheld device and were included in this analysis. Recordings from the device were collected and assessed for heart rhythm and rate. Optimal rate control was defined as a target resting heart rate of <110 beats per minute (bpm). RESULTS: In 99 patients (29.6%, mean age 67 ± 10 years, 39.4% female, median 6 [3-12] AF recordings) a total of 314 AF recurrences (median 2 [1-3] per patient) were identified during follow-up. The average median resting heart rate at recurrence was 100 ± 21 bpm in the delayed vs 112 ± 25 bpm in the early cardioversion group (p = .011). Optimal rate control was seen in 68.4% [21.3%-100%] and 33.3% [0%-77.5%] of recordings (p = .01), respectively. Randomization group [coefficient -12.09 (-20.55 to -3.63, p = .006) for delayed vs. early cardioversion] and heart rate on index ECG [coefficient 0.46 (0.29-0.63, p < .001) per bpm increase] were identified on multivariable analysis as factors associated with lower median heart rate during AF recurrences. CONCLUSION: A delayed cardioversion strategy translated into a favorable heart rate profile during AF recurrences.

Characterization of blaOXA-48-carrying plasmids and small non-AMR-coding plasmids collected from Ukrainian patients.

PURPOSE: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) pose a serious threat for healthcare facilities worldwide, yet the mode of transmission is often unclear. Recently, we recorded an increase of blaOXA-48-harboring isolates at our hospital associated with patients with previous medical treatment in the Ukraine. We used long-read whole genome sequencing (lrWGS) to characterize these isolates including their plasmids. METHODS: Samples were collected as part of clinical routine diagnostic or screening of multi-drug resistance bacteria (MDRB). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and all MDRB (n = 10) were sequenced by lrWGS for genotyping, identification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and characterization of plasmids. RESULTS: While routine analysis of core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) did not show any genetic similarities between isolates, we found an unexpected high similarity in the plasmid diversity of different Enterobacterales in patients with previous medical treatment in the Ukraine. This included an IncL/M plasmid carrying blaOXA-48 and additional small non-AMR-coding plasmids. CONCLUSION: Our results show that lrWGS can be used in the routine setting to uncover similarities in plasmids and may give further information about potential epidemiologic associations. In the future, analysis of both AMR and non-AMR plasmids may provide an additional layer of information for molecular surveillance of CPE.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in colorectal cancer screening in the Philippines

Background and Objective@#Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence in the Philippines. Currently, there is a paucity in literature that is focused on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Filipinos regarding CRC screening. This is the first study in the Philippines that describes this. @*Methods@#This is a cross-sectional study that validated a 52-item Filipino questionnaire on the knowledge on colorectal cancer, willingness to undergo CRC screening, and perceived benefits and barriers to fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy. The study enrolled household heads more than 20 years of age residing in both urban and rural communities in the Philippines. @*Results@#The UP-PGH CRC KAP (University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital Colorectal Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices) and Rawl Questionnaire’s validity and internal consistency were established in a pilot study of 30 respondents. A total of 288 respondents were then enrolled to the main study group with a median age of 54.0. Knowledge scores for prognosis and utility of CRC screening were modest (6.3/12 and 8.4/20, respectively). Perceived benefit scores to FOBT and colonoscopy were high (9.9/12 and 13.9/16, respectively).Median scores to barriers to FOBT and colonoscopy were intermediate (22.5/36 and 35.8/60, respectively). Notably, a vast majority (86.1%) were willing to participate in CRC screening programs initiated by the government, and 46.9% agreed to undergo screening tests even as out-of-pocket expense. @*Conclusion@#The UP-PGH CRC KAP Questionnaire as well as the Filipino translation of the Rawl Questionnaire are reliable and valid tools in extensively assessing the knowledge of Filipinos on CRC and willingness to undergo screening, as well as the benefits of and barriers to FOBT and colonoscopy. Knowledge scores were modest suggesting that directed educational campaigns and awareness programs can aid in increasing awareness about CRC and its screening. Household income and highest educational attainment were significantly positively correlated with knowledge scores, and perceived benefits of and barriers to CRC screening. Scores were generally comparable between urban and rural communities.

Elevated oxidative stress in patients with congenital heart disease and the effect of cyanosis: a meta-analysis.

Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological mechanism in the development of numerous cardiovascular disorders. To improve therapy and preventive strategies, clinicians need a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of congenital heart diseases (CHD). The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether oxidative stress is elevated in patients with CHD compared to healthy controls, and to evaluate whether a difference in oxidative stress parameters can be observed between patients with cyanotic (cCHD) and acyanotic CHD (aCHD). Therefore, 21 studies investigating oxidative stress in peripheral blood of both children and adults with CHD were reviewed. Different methods to assess the oxidant status were compared and divided into three categories: pro-oxidative or anti-oxidative stress markers and the ratio of pro-to-anti oxidative stress markers. This meta-analysis showed elevated oxidative stress levels in patients with CHD, and more specifically in patients with cCHD. Moreover, this indicates that there could be potential in oxidative stress measurements as a new biomarker of disease severity. Further research will be needed to clarify the exact role of oxidative stress and its contributors in CHD in order to get a better and more in-depth understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of CHD, especially the higher susceptibility of the right ventricle (RV) to progress to heart failure (HF). This could facilitate the development of antioxidant treatments and RV-specific HF therapies, which are necessary to improve survival in these patients and could be of particular importance in cCHD.

Patient Engagement and Provider Effectiveness of a Novel Sleep Telehealth Platform and Remote Monitoring Assessment in the US Military: Pilot Study Providing Evidence-Based Sleep Treatment Recommendations.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are common and costly in the US military. Yet, within the military health system, there is a gross shortage of trained specialist providers to address sleep problems. As a result, demand for sleep medicine care far exceeds the available supply. Telehealth including telemedicine, mobile health, and wearables represents promising approaches to increase access to high-quality and cost-effective care. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient engagement and provider perceived effectiveness of a novel sleep telehealth platform and remote monitoring assessment in the US military. The platform includes a desktop web portal, native mobile app, and integrated wearable sensors (ie, a commercial off-the-shelf sleep tracker [Fitbit]). The goal of the remote monitoring assessment was to provide evidence-based sleep treatment recommendations to patients and providers. METHODS: Patients with sleep problems were recruited from the Internal Medicine clinic at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Patients completed intensive remote monitoring assessments over 10 days (including a baseline intake questionnaire, daily sleep diaries, and 2 daily symptom surveys), and wore a Fitbit sleep tracker. Following the remote monitoring period, patients received assessment results and personalized sleep education in the mobile app. In parallel, providers received a provisional patient assessment report in an editable electronic document format. Patient engagement was assessed via behavioral adherence metrics that were determined a priori. Patients also completed a brief survey regarding ease of completion. Provider effectiveness was assessed via an anonymous survey. RESULTS: In total, 35 patients with sleep problems participated in the study. There were no dropouts. Results indicated a high level of engagement with the sleep telehealth platform, with all participants having completed the baseline remote assessment, reviewed their personalized sleep assessment report, and completed the satisfaction survey. Patients completed 95.1% of sleep diaries and 95.3% of symptom surveys over 10 days. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction with most aspects of the remote monitoring assessment. In total, 24 primary care providers also participated and completed the anonymous survey. The results indicate high levels of perceived effectiveness and identified important potential benefits from adopting a sleep telehealth approach throughout the US military health care system. CONCLUSIONS: Military patients with sleep problems and military primary care providers demonstrated high levels of engagement and satisfaction with a novel sleep telehealth platform and remote monitoring assessment. Sleep telehealth approaches represent a potential pathway to increase access to evidence-based sleep medicine care in the US military. Further evaluation is warranted.

Risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in inflammatory bowel disease by inherited risk in a population-based incident cohort.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract with increasing prevalence globally. Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major complication in IBD patients, it is often underappreciated with limited tools for risk stratification. AIM: To estimate the proportion of VTE among IBD patients and assess genetic risk factors (monogenic and polygenic) for VTE. METHODS: Incident VTE was followed for 8465 IBD patients in the UK Biobank (UKB). The associations of VTE with F5 factor V leiden (FVL) mutation, F2 G20210A prothrombin gene mutation (PGM), and polygenic score (PGS003332) were tested using Cox hazards regression analysis, adjusting for age at IBD diagnosis, gender, and genetic background (top 10 principal components). The performance of genetic risk factors for discriminating VTE diagnosis was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS: The overall proportion of incident VTE was 4.70% in IBD patients and was similar for CD (4.46%), UC (4.49%), and unclassified (6.42%), and comparable to that of cancer patients (4.66%) who are well-known at increased risk for VTE. Mutation carriers of F5/F2 had a significantly increased risk for VTE compared to non-mutation carriers, hazard ratio (HR) was 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42-2.65. In contrast, patients with the top PGS decile had a considerably higher risk for VTE compared to those with intermediate scores (middle 8 deciles), HR was 2.06 (95%CI: 1.57-2.71). The AUC for differentiating VTE diagnosis was 0.64 (95%CI: 0.61-0.67), 0.68 (95%CI: 0.66-0.71), and 0.69 (95%CI: 0.66-0.71), respectively, for F5/F2 mutation carriers, PGS, and combined. CONCLUSION: Similar to cancer patients, VTE complications are common in IBD patients. PGS provides more informative risk information than F5/F2 mutations (FVL and PGM) for personalized thromboprophylaxis.