ABSTRACT
In this study, the quality indexes and sensory evaluation of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. from the main production areas in Southwest China were analyzed. Further, correlation analysis (CRA), principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to comprehensively evaluate the quality characteristics of Z. armatum. The results showed that the sensory indexes and physicochemical indexes of Z. armatum were significantly correlated. Five principal component factors were extracted from 12 indexes by PCA, and a comprehensive evaluation model of quality was established with Y = 0.2943Y1 + 0.2387Y2 + 0.1896Y3 + 0.1679Y4 + 0.1094Y5. On this basis, 21 producing areas were grouped into 4 groups and 3 groups by Q-type CA, respectively. R-type CA showed that the content of hydroxyl-sanshools, linalool content and b* value were the quality characteristic indexes of Z. armatum in Southwest China. This work provided an important theory and practice reference for Z. armatum quality evaluation and in-depth product development.
Subject(s)
Bronchogenic Cyst , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods , Dyspnea , Echocardiography/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Aged , Bronchogenic Cyst/diagnostic imaging , Bronchogenic Cyst/surgery , Contrast Media/pharmacology , Diagnosis, Differential , Dissection/methods , Dyspnea/diagnosis , Dyspnea/etiology , Fatigue/diagnosis , Fatigue/etiology , Female , Humans , Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in various pathophysiological processes of heart. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 6B1 (COX6B1) is a subunit of cytochrome oxidase. METHODS: Cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal SD rats (within 24 h of birth) by repeating digestion of collagenase and trypsin. COX6B1 over-expression and hypoxia/reoxygenation was conducted on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Cell viability, apoptosis rates, mitochondria membrane potential and mitochondrial permeabilization transition pores (mPTPs) were then determined respectively by Cell performing Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Annexin-V/PI assay, JC-1 assay, mPTP assay. The expression of cyto C and apoptosis-related factors were detected by RT-Qpcr and Western blot. RESULTS: Hypoxia/reoxygenation increased apoptosis and mPTP levels, and decreased mitochondria membrane potential in I/R and I/R + EV groups. COX6B1 over-expression increased mitochondria cyto C, pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-9 and bcl-2, while it decreased cytosol cyto C, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9 and bax compared to I/R + EV group. CONCLUSION: COX6B1 protected cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by reducing ROS production and cell apoptosis, during which reduction of the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol was involved. Our study demonstrated that COX6B1 may be an candidate target gene in preventing hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of cardiomyocytes.
