ABSTRACT
While resource bootstrapping is widely employed by novice entrepreneurs,and social identities and decision logic are studied as important antecedents of entrepreneurs' adoption of resource bootstrapping behaviors, both scholars and practitioners have but a hazy understanding on the configuration effect of entrepreneur's social identities and decision logic on resource bootstrapping behaviors. In this paper, we combined the necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the configuration effects of entrepreneur's social identity and decision logic on resource bootstrapping behaviors. Analysis of 411 questionnaire date acquired from novice entrepreneurs, we found that none of single antecedent condition of both the entrepreneur's social identity and decision logic constitute the necessary condition of novice entrepreneurs' high resource bootstrapping behaviors. We also found a substitutive relationship between Darwinian social identity and communitary social identity that will lead the novice entrepreneurs with high dual effectual-causal decision logic to choose high joint utilization bootstrapping, and a complementary relationship between the three social identities of novice entrepreneurs such that those with high dual effectual-causal decision logic prefer different resource bootstrapping behaviors because of different social identities.Furthermore, we found that the core and edge conditions in the decision logic play different roles in the resource bootstrapping behaviors of novice entrepreneurs, with the core decision logic conditions having a greater impact on the resource bootstrapping behaviors. These findings deepen our understanding of the causal complexity among entrepreneur's social identity, decision logic and resource bootstrapping behaviors. It also provides theoretical guidance for effective resource integration for novice entrepreneurs facing resource constraints.
ABSTRACT
Malus sieversii, commonly known as wild apples, represents a Tertiary relict plant species and serves as the progenitor of globally cultivated apple varieties. Unfortunately, wild apple populations are facing significant degradation in localized areas due to a myriad of factors. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the nutrient status and spatiotemporal variations of M. sieversii, green leaves were collected in May and July, and the fallen leaves were collected in October. The concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were measured, and the stoichiometric ratios as well as nutrient resorption efficiencies were calculated. The study also explored the relative contributions of soil, topographic, and biotic factors to the variation in nutrient traits. The results indicate that as the growing period progressed, the concentrations of N and P in the leaves significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the concentration of K in October was significantly lower than in May and July. Throughout plant growth, leaf N-P and N-K exhibited hyperallometric relationships, while P-K showed an isometric relationship. Resorption efficiency followed the order of N < P < K (P < 0.05), with all three ratios being less than 1; this indicates that the order of nutrient limitation is K > P > N. The resorption efficiencies were mainly regulated by nutrient concentrations in fallen leaves. A robust spatial dependence was observed in leaf nutrient concentrations during all periods (70.1-97.9% for structural variation), highlighting that structural variation, rather than random factors, dominated the spatial variation. Nutrient resorption efficiencies (NRE, PRE, and KRE) displayed moderate structural variation (30.2-66.8%). The spatial patterns of nutrient traits varied across growth periods, indicating they are influenced by multifactorial elements (in which, soil property showed the highest influence). In conclusion, wild apples manifested differentiated spatiotemporal variability and influencing factors across various leaf nutrient traits. These results provide crucial insights into the spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of leaf nutrient traits of M. sieversii at the permanent plot scale for the first time. This work is of great significance for the ecosystem restoration and sustainable management of degrading wild fruit forests.