Rapid Non-Destructive Detection Technology in the Field of Meat Tenderness: A Review.

Traditionally, tenderness has been assessed through shear force testing, which is inherently destructive, the accuracy is easily affected, and it results in considerable sample wastage. Although this technology has some drawbacks, it is still the most effective detection method currently available. In light of these drawbacks, non-destructive testing techniques have emerged as a preferred alternative, promising greater accuracy, efficiency, and convenience without compromising the integrity of the samples. This paper delves into applying five advanced non-destructive testing technologies in the realm of meat tenderness assessment. These include near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, Raman spectroscopy, airflow optical fusion detection, and nuclear magnetic resonance detection. Each technology is scrutinized for its respective strengths and limitations, providing a comprehensive overview of their current utility and potential for future development. Moreover, the integration of these techniques with the latest advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology is explored. The fusion of AI with non-destructive testing offers a promising avenue for the development of more sophisticated, rapid, and intelligent systems for meat tenderness evaluation. This integration is anticipated to significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the quality assessment in the meat industry, ensuring a higher standard of safety and nutritional value for consumers. The paper concludes with a set of technical recommendations to guide the future direction of non-destructive, AI-enhanced meat tenderness detection.

Research Progress of Rapid Non-Destructive Detection Technology in the Field of Apple Mold Heart Disease.

Apples are rich in vitamins and dietary fiber and are one of the essential fruits in people's daily diet. China has always been a big apple consumer, and with the improvement of people's life quality, nutrition, and health requirements, the demand for high-quality apples has increased year by year. Apple mold heart disease is one of the main diseases affecting apple quality. However, this disease cannot be easily detected from the surface, so it is difficult to detect mold heart disease. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of seven non-destructive detection technologies, including near infrared spectroscopy technology, hyperspectral technology, Raman spectroscopy technology, electronic nose technology, acoustic technology, electrical technology, and magnetic technology, summarizes their application status in the detection of apple mold heart disease, and then analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Combined with the current rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, this paper proposes the future development trends of using non-destructive technologies to detect apple mold heart disease. It is expected to provide basic theory and application references for the intelligent detection of apple mold heart disease.

Comparative analysis of genome-wide chromosomal histone modification patterns in maize cultivars and their wild relatives.

Recent advances demonstrate that epigenome changes can also cause phenotypic diversity and can be heritable across generations, indicating that they may play an important role in evolutionary processes. In this study, we analyzed the chromosomal distribution of several histone modifications in five elite maize cultivars (B73, Mo17, Chang7-2, Zheng58, ZD958) and their two wild relatives (Zea mays L. ssp. parviglumis and Zea nicaraguensis) using a three-dimensional (3D) epigenome karyotyping approach by combining immunostaining and 3D reconstruction with deconvolution techniques. The distribution of these histone modifications along chromosomes demonstrated that the histone modification patterns are conserved at the chromosomal level and have not changed significantly following domestication. The comparison of histone modification patterns between metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei showed that some of the histone modifications were retained as the cell progressed from interphase into metaphase, although remodelling existed. This study will increase comprehension of the function of epigenetic modifications in the structure and evolution of the maize genome.

Fast magnetic isolation of simple sequence repeat markers in microfluidic channels.

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are widely used for genome mapping, genetic diversity characterization and medical diagnosis. The fast isolation by AFLP of sequence containing repeats (FIASCO) is a powerful method for SSR marker isolation, but it is laborious, costly, and time consuming and requires multiple rounds of washing. Here, we report a superparamagnetic bead (SPMB)-based FIASCO method in a magnetic field controllable microfluidic chip (MFCM-Chip). This method dramatically reduces the assay time by 4.25-fold and reduces the quantity of magnetic beads and probes by 10-fold through the magnetic capture of (AG)n-containing fragments from Herba Leonuri, followed by washing and eluting on a microchip. The feasibility of this method was further evaluated by PCR and sequencing, and the results showed that the proportion of fragments containing SSRs was 89%, confirming that this platform is a fast and efficient method for SSR marker isolation. This cost-effective platform will make the powerful FIASCO technique more accessible for routine use with a wide variety of materials.

One-pot cross-coupling of N-acyl N,O-acetals with alpha,beta-unsaturated compounds.

The synergistic action of BF(3).OEt(2) and SmI(2) allowed a series of intermolecular cross-couplings of readily available N-acyl N,O-acetals with alpha,beta-unsaturated compounds to be performed in high yields, which was applied to the stereoselective synthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (+)-xenovenine.