Adaptive Tracking Control for Underactuated Double Pendulum Overhead Cranes With Variable Cable Length.

Although the literature on control of overhead crane systems is extensive and relatively mature, there is still a need to develop strategies that can simultaneously handle factors such as the double pendulum effect, variable cable length, input saturation, input dead zones, and external disturbances. This article is concerned with adaptive tracking control for underactuated overhead cranes in the presence of the above-mentioned challenging effects. The proposed controller is composed of the following two components. First, a tracking signal vector that effectively reduces system swing magnitudes is constructed to improve the transient performance and guarantee smooth operation of the system. Second, an adaptive law is designed to estimate and compensate for the overall effects of the friction, the external disturbances, and certain nonlinearities. The system stability has been proved rigorously via the Lyapunov method and Barbalat's lemma. Extensions to the cases with input saturation and dead zones have also been discussed. Extensive numerical simulations have been conducted to verify the performance and robustness of the proposed controller, in comparison to some existing methods.

The Uptake, Transfer, and Detoxification of Cadmium in Plants and Its Exogenous Effects.

Cadmium (Cd) exerts a toxic influence on numerous crucial growth and development processes in plants, notably affecting seed germination rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and biomass. While considerable advances in Cd uptake and detoxification of plants have been made, the mechanisms by which plants adapt to and tolerate Cd toxicity remain elusive. This review focuses on the relationship between Cd and plants and the prospects for phytoremediation of Cd pollution. We highlight the following issues: (1) the present state of Cd pollution and its associated hazards, encompassing the sources and distribution of Cd and the risks posed to human health; (2) the mechanisms underlying the uptake and transport of Cd, including the physiological processes associated with the uptake, translocation, and detoxification of Cd, as well as the pertinent gene families implicated in these processes; (3) the detrimental effects of Cd on plants and the mechanisms of detoxification, such as the activation of resistance genes, root chelation, vacuolar compartmentalization, the activation of antioxidant systems and the generation of non-enzymatic antioxidants; (4) the practical application of phytoremediation and the impact of incorporating exogenous substances on the Cd tolerance of plants.

Combination of an Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP) Mechanism and a Laminar Flow Pattern in a Microfluidic System for the Continuous Size-Based Sorting and Separation of Microparticles.

Optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-based microparticle sorting and separation is regarded as promising. However, current methods normally lack the downstream process for the transportation and collection of separated microparticles, which could limit its applications. To address this issue, an ODEP microfluidic chip encompassing three microchannels that join only at the central part of the microchannels (i.e., the working zone) was designed. During operation, three laminar flows were generated in the zone, where two dynamic light bar arrays were designed to sort and separate PS (polystyrene) microbeads of different sizes in a continuous manner. The separated PS microbeads were then continuously transported in laminar flows in a partition manner for the final collection. The results revealed that the method was capable of sorting and separating PS microbeads in a high-purity manner (e.g., the microbead purity values were 89.9 ± 3.7, 88.0 ± 2.5, and 92.8 ± 6.5% for the 5.8, 10.8, and 15.8 µm microbeads harvested, respectively). Overall, this study demonstrated the use of laminar flow and ODEP to achieve size-based sorting, separation, and collection of microparticles in a continuous and high-performance manner. Apart from the demonstration, this method can also be utilized for size-based sorting and the separation of other biological or nonbiological microparticles.

State Responses of Several Classes of Linear Systems Based on Fundamental Matrices.

State responses for several classes of linear systems are investigated in this article. The involved systems include state-delayed linear systems, and high-order linear systems. At first, the single-fundamental-matrix-based approach is extended to these systems, and their state responses are expressed by their fundamental matrices (FMs). In addition, the multiple-FMs-based approach is presented for these systems. Based on a group of FMs, the state responses for the considered time-invariant systems are derived. For the considered time-variant systems, their state responses are explicitly expressed by their transition matrices. As an application of the fundamental-matrix-based approach, a stabilizing control law is designed for a class of high-order fully actuated continuous-time linear systems with a single input-delay.

Simultaneous production of biosurfactant and extracellular unspecific peroxygenases by Moesziomyces aphidis XM01 enables an efficient strategy for crude oil degradation.

Crude oil is a hazardous pollutant that poses significant and lasting harm to human health and ecosystems. In this study, Moesziomyces aphidis XM01, a biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs)-producing yeast, was utilized for crude oil degradation. Unlike most microorganisms relying on cytochrome P450, XM01 employed two extracellular unspecific peroxygenases, MaUPO.1 and MaUPO.2, with preference for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes respectively, thus facilitating efficient crude oil degradation. The MELs produced by XM01 exhibited a significant emulsification activity of 65.9% for crude oil and were consequently supplemented in an "exogenous MELs addition" strategy to boost crude oil degradation, resulting in an optimal degradation ratio of 72.3%. Furthermore, a new and simple "pre-MELs production" strategy was implemented, achieving a maximum degradation ratio of 95.9%. During this process, the synergistic up-regulation of MaUPO.1, MaUPO.1 and the key MELs synthesis genes contributed to the efficient degradation of crude oil. Additionally, the phylogenetic and geographic distribution analysis of MaUPO.1 and MaUPO.1 revealed their wide occurrence among fungi in Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, with high transcription levels across global ocean, highlighting their important role in biodegradation of crude oil. In conclusion, M. aphidis XM01 emerges as a novel yeast for efficient and eco-friendly crude oil degradation.

Detoxifying bacterial genes for deoxynivalenol epimerization confer durable resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the presence of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) pose serious threats to wheat production and food safety worldwide. DON, as a virulence factor, is crucial for the spread of FHB pathogens on plants. However, germplasm resources that are naturally resistant to DON and DON-producing FHB pathogens are inadequate in plants. Here, detoxifying bacteria genes responsible for DON epimerization were used to enhance the resistance of wheat to mycotoxin DON and FHB pathogens. We characterized the complete pathway and molecular basis leading to the thorough detoxification of DON via epimerization through two sequential reactions in the detoxifying bacterium Devosia sp. D6-9. Epimerization efficiently eliminates the phytotoxicity of DON and neutralizes the effects of DON as a virulence factor. Notably, co-expressing of the genes encoding quinoprotein dehydrogenase (QDDH) for DON oxidation in the first reaction step, and aldo-keto reductase AKR13B2 for 3-keto-DON reduction in the second reaction step significantly reduced the accumulation of DON as virulence factor in wheat after the infection of pathogenic Fusarium, and accordingly conferred increased disease resistance to FHB by restricting the spread of pathogenic Fusarium in the transgenic plants. Stable and improved resistance was observed in greenhouse and field conditions over multiple generations. This successful approach presents a promising avenue for enhancing FHB resistance in crops and reducing mycotoxin contents in grains through detoxification of the virulence factor DON by exogenous resistance genes from microbes.

[Multi-scenario Simulation of Construction Land Expansion and Its Impact on Ecosystem Carbon Storage in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration].

It is of great practical significance for regional sustainable development and ecological construction to quantitatively analyze the impact of construction land expansion on terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage and to explore the optimization scheme of simulating construction land expansion to improve future ecosystem carbon storage. Based on the land use and cover change (LUCC) and other geospatial data of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2020, this study utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and the patch-generating land-use simulation (PLUS) model to assess and analyze the changes in ecosystem carbon stocks and spatial patterns regionally. In this study, we performed linear regression analysis to investigate the relationship between urban land expansion and changes in ecosystem carbon stocks for varying urban land proportion levels during two distinct time intervals, 2000-2010 and 2010-2020, which was conducted at a spatial resolution of 2 km. Three distinct urban land expansion scenarios were subjected to simulation to forecast the prospective land use pattern by 2030. Subsequently, we quantified the ramifications of these scenarios on ecosystem carbon stocks during the period from 2020 to 2030. The results were as follows:① In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, the ecosystem carbon stocks exhibited notable variations over the study period, with values of 2 088.02, 2 106.78, and 2 121.25 Tg recorded for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively, resulting in a cumulative carbon sequestration of 33.23 Tg C during the study duration. It is noteworthy that forest carbon storage emerged as the dominant contributor, with an increase from 1 010.17 Tg in 2000 to 1 136.53 Tg in 2020. Throughout the study period, the spatial distribution of carbon stocks displayed relative stability. Regions characterized by lower carbon content were concentrated in the vicinity of the Bohai Rim region and in proximity to cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang, as well as rural settlements. In contrast, grid units with moderate and high carbon stocks were predominantly situated in the western Taihang Mountain and the northern Yanshan Mountain. Additionally, there was a tendency of increasing carbon stocks in the Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain region, whereas those surrounding major urban centers such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, and Tangshan experienced a notable decline in carbon stocks. Such reductions were most pronounced in regions undergoing urban land expansion during the study period. ② In grid units with an urban land proportion exceeding 10% at each level, a strong correlation was observed between urban land expansion and changes in carbon stocks during both the 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 periods. The changes in urban land proportion adequately explained the variations in carbon stocks. However, the explanatory power of urban land on carbon stocks decreased during the 2010-2020 period, indicating that other factors played a more substantial role in influencing carbon stocks during this time. The regression coefficients for both periods exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. In comparison to that during the 2000-2010 period, the impact of urban land expansion on carbon stocks was relatively smaller during 2010-2020, indicating a weakening influence. ③ In light of three distinct development scenarios, namely natural development (Scenario Ⅰ), a 15% reduction in the rate of urban land expansion (Scenario Ⅱ), and a 30% reduction in the rate of urban land expansion (Scenario Ⅲ), the projected ecosystem carbon stocks for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration in the year 2030 were estimated to be 2 129.12, 2 133.55, and 2 139.10 Tg, respectively. These projections indicated an increase of 7.88, 12.30, and 17.85 Tg in comparison to the current carbon stocks. All scenarios demonstrated that the terrestrial ecosystem would play a role of carbon sink, particularly with the greatest carbon sink observed in the scenario with a 30% reduction in urban land expansion. The fit performance between urban land expansion and carbon stock changes during the 2020-2030 period was significantly better than that during the 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 periods, and the regression coefficients showed a fluctuating increase with an increase in urban land proportion. Across grid units with different urban land proportion levels, the regression coefficients exhibited the order of Scenario Ⅰ < Scenario Ⅱ < Scenario Ⅲ. In pursuit of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration should prioritize scenarios with reduced rates of urban land expansion, especially in regions with higher urban land proportions.

Long-Term Outcomes of dMMR/MSI-H Rectal Cancer Treated With Anti-PD-1-Based Immunotherapy as Curative-Intent Treatment.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy has shown encouraging efficacy in patients with deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), which suggests its potential as a curative-intent therapy and a promising treatment option for organ preservation. We aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of patients with dMMR/MSI-H LARC who experienced clinical complete response (cCR) after anti-PD-1 therapy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with dMMR/MSI-H LARC who achieved cCR and received nonoperative management following neoadjuvant anti-PD-1-based treatment from 4 Chinese medical centers. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year after they achieved cCR, their clinical data were collected, and survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients who achieved cCR and received nonoperative management from March 2018 to May 2022 were included, with a median age of 51.0 years (range, 19.0-77.0 years). The median treatment course to reach cCR was 6.0 (range, 1.0-12.0). Fifteen patients (62.5%) continued their treatments after experiencing cCR, and the median treatment course was 17.0 (range, 3.0-36.0). No local regrowth or distant metastasis was observed in a median follow-up time of 29.1 months (range, 12.6-48.5 months) after cCR. The 3-year disease-free and overall survivals were both 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dMMR/MSI-H locally advanced or low-lying rectal cancer who achieved cCR following anti-PD-1-based therapy had promising long-term outcomes. A prospective clinical trial with a larger sample size is required to further validate these findings.

ALKBH5-mediated m6A modification of IL-11 drives macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition and pathological cardiac fibrosis in mice.

Cardiac macrophage contributes to the development of cardiac fibrosis, but factors that regulate cardiac macrophages transition and activation during this process remains elusive. Here we show, by single-cell transcriptomics, lineage tracing and parabiosis, that cardiac macrophages from circulating monocytes preferentially commit to macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) under angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension, with accompanying increased expression of the RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylases, ALKBH5. Meanwhile, macrophage-specific knockout of ALKBH5 inhibits Ang II-induced MMT, and subsequently ameliorates cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing identifies interlukin-11 (IL-11) mRNA as a target for ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation, leading to increased IL-11 mRNA stability and protein levels. By contrast, overexpression of IL11 in circulating macrophages reverses the phenotype in ALKBH5-deficient mice and macrophage. Lastly, targeted delivery of ALKBH5 or IL-11 receptor α (IL11RA1) siRNA to monocytes/macrophages attenuates MMT and cardiac fibrosis under hypertensive stress. Our results thus suggest that the ALKBH5/IL-11/IL11RA1/MMT axis alters cardiac macrophage and contributes to hypertensive cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in mice, and thereby identify potential targets for cardiac fibrosis therapy in patients.

Mechanism of Qili Qiangxin Capsule for Heart Failure Based on miR133a-Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of Qili Qiangxin Capsule (QLQX) improvement of heart failure (HF) based on miR133a-endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway. METHODS: A left coronary artery ligation-induced HF after myocardial infarction model was used in this study. Rats were randomly assigned to the sham group, the model group, the QLQX group [0.32 g/(kg·d)], and the captopril group [2.25 mg/(kg·d)], 15 rats per group, followed by 4 weeks of medication. Cardiac function such as left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the maximal rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dt max), and the maximal rate of decrease of left ventricular pressure (-dp/dt max) were monitored by echocardiography and hemodynamics. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson stainings were used to visualize pathological changes in myocardial tissue. The mRNA expression of miR133a, glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), X-box binding protein1 (XBP1), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and Caspase 12 were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of GRP78, p-IRE1/IRE1 ratio, cleaved-ATF6, XBP1-s (the spliced form of XBP1), CHOP and Caspase 12 were detected by Western blot. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect the rate of apoptosis. RESULTS: QLQX significantly improved cardiac function as evidenced by increased EF, FS, LVSP, +dp/dt max, -dp/dt max, and decreased LVEDP (P<0.05, P<0.01). HE staining showed that QLQX ameliorated cardiac pathologic damage to some extent. Masson staining indicated that QLQX significantly reduced collagen volume fraction in myocardial tissue (P<0.01). Results from RT-PCR and Western blot showed that QLQX significantly increased the expression of miR133a and inhibited the mRNA expressions of GRP78, IRE1, ATF6 and XBP1, as well as decreased the protein expressions of GRP78, cleaved-ATF6 and XBP1-s and decreased p-IRE1/IRE1 ratio (P<0.05, P<0.01). Further studies showed that QLQX significantly reduced the expression of CHOP and Caspase12, resulting in a significant reduction in apoptosis rate (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The pharmacological mechanism of QLQX in improving HF is partly attributed to its regulatory effect on the miR133a-IRE1/XBP1 pathway.

[Effect and mechanism of Jiedu Huoxue Decoction in regulating YAP/ACSL4 pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in treatment of acute kidney injury].

Jiedu Huoxue Decoction(JDHX), first recorded in the Correction on Errors in Medical Works by WANG Qing-ren, is an effective formula screened out from ancient formulas by the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) master ZHANG Qi to treat acute kidney injury(AKI) caused by heat, toxicity, stasis, and stagnation. This paper elucidated the therapeutic effect of JDHX on AKI and probed into the potential mechanism from ferroptosis. Thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four groups(n=8): normal, model, and low-and high-dose JDHX. Since the clinical treatment of AKI depends on supportive or alternative therapies and there is no specific drug, this study did not include a positive drug group. The low dose of JDHX corresponded to half of clinically equivalent dose, while the high dose corresponded to the clinically equivalent dose. Mice were administrated with JDHX by gavage daily for 7 consecutive days, while those in the normal group and the model group were administered with the corresponding volume of distilled water. On day 5 of drug administration, mice in other groups except the normal group were injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin solution at a dose of 20 mg·kg~(-1) to induce AKI, and the normal group was injected with saline. All of the mice were sacrificed 72 h after modeling, blood and kidney samples were collected for subsequent analysis. The levels of serum creatine(Scr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were measured by the commercial kits. The expression level of kidney injury molecule 1(KIM-1) in the serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) staining, and Prussian blue staining were employed to observe the pathological changes, glycogen deposition, and iron deposition, respectively, in the renal tissue. In addition, the levels of glutathione(GSH), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase(CAT) in the renal tissue were examined by biochemical colorimetry. Western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3(LPCAT3), and Yes-associated protein(YAP, a key molecule in the Hippo pathway) in the renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry was then employed to detect the location and expression of YAP in the renal tissue. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the mRNA levels of ACSL4 and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4). Compared with the normal group, the model group showed elevated serum levels of Scr, BUN, and KIM-1. In the AKI model group, the tubular epithelial cells underwent atrophy and necrotic detachment, disappearance of brush border, and some tubules became protein tubules or experienced vacuole-like degeneration. In addition, this group presented widening of the interstitium or even edema, increased renal tubule injury score, and obvious glycogen and iron deposition in parts of the renal tissue. Moreover, the model group had lower GSH, SOD, and CAT levels, higher ASCL4 and LPCAT3 levels, and lower GPX4 expression and higher YAP expression than the normal group. Compared with the model group, high dose of JDHX effectively protected renal function, lowered the levels of Scr, BUN and KIM-1, alleviated renal pathological injury, reduced glycogen and iron deposition, and elevated the GSH, SOD, and CAT levels in the renal tissue. Furthermore, JDHX down-regulated the protein levels of ACSL4, LPCAT3, and YAP and up-regulated the level of GPX4, compared with the model group. In conclusion, JDHX can protect mice from cisplatin-induced AKI by inhibiting ferroptosis via regulating the YAP/ACSL4 signaling pathway.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of naphthoylamide derivatives as inhibitors of STAT3 phosphorylation.

The phosphorylation of STAT3 plays a critical physiological role in the proliferation of rectal cancer. Hence, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation is an effective anticancer approach. In this work, we designed a novel 5-R'-1-naphthylmethylamide scaffold as a small molecule inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation. The results showed that 3D and 4D have exceptional inhibitory ability against three different colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, and can induce apoptosis of CRC cells by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, while having no killing effect on normal human cells. 3D and 4D can inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and also inhibit the nuclear translocation of interleukin (IL)-6-induced STAT3. In the in vivo tumor model research, 4D significantly reduced the tumor volume of mice and had no drug toxicity on other organ tissues. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that 3D and 4D had greater binding free energy when interacting with the STAT3 SH2 structural domain, and could establish H-π interaction modes. Dynamic simulation studies indicated that both compounds were able to bind tightly to STAT3.

Banana MaNAC1 activates secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis to enhance chilling resistance in fruit.

Chilling injury has a negative impact on the quantity and quality of crops, especially subtropical and tropical plants. The plant cell wall is not only the main source of biomass production, but also the first barrier to various stresses. Therefore, improving the understanding of the alterations in cell wall architecture is of great significance for both biomass production and stress adaptation. Herein, we demonstrated that the cell wall principal component cellulose accumulated during chilling stress, which was caused by the activation of MaCESA proteins. The sequence-multiple comparisons show that a cold-inducible NAC transcriptional factor MaNAC1, a homologue of Secondary Wall NAC transcription factors, has high sequence similarity with Arabidopsis SND3. An increase in cell wall thickness and cellulosic glucan content was observed in MaNAC1-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines, indicating that MaNAC1 participates in cellulose biosynthesis. Over-expression of MaNAC1 in Arabidopsis mutant snd3 restored the defective secondary growth of thinner cell walls and increased cellulosic glucan content. Furthermore, the activation of MaCESA7 and MaCESA6B cellulose biosynthesis genes can be directly induced by MaNAC1 through binding to SNBE motifs within their promoters, leading to enhanced cellulose content during low-temperature stress. Ultimately, tomato fruit showed greater cold resistance in MaNAC1 overexpression lines with thickened cell walls and increased cellulosic glucan content. Our findings revealed that MaNAC1 performs a vital role as a positive modulator in modulating cell wall cellulose metabolism within banana fruit under chilling stress.

Anti-hypertensive and composition as well as pharmacokinetics and tissues distribution of active ingredients from Alpinia zerumbet.

Alpinia zerumbet is a food flavor additive and a traditional medicine herb around the world. Several studies have reported that A. zerumbet has excellent effects on a variety of cardiovascular diseases, but its potential hypertensive applications, and pharmacokinetic features of main active substances have not been fully investigated. The mechanism of anti-hypertension with ethyl acetate extracts of A. zerumbet fruits (AZEAE) was evaluated by L-NNA-induced hypertensive rats and L-NAME-injured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Blood pressure, echocardiographic cardiac index and H&E staining were used to preliminary evaluate the antihypertensive effect of AZEAE, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß were evaluated by ELISA, and the proteins expression of IL-1ß, IL-18, AGTR1, VCAM, iNOS, EDN1 and eNOS were also evaluated. In addition, isolation, identification, and activity screening of bioactive compounds were carried ou. Next, pharmacokinetics and tissues distribution of dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain (DDK) in vivo were measured, and preliminary absorption mechanism was conducted with Caco-2 cell monolayers. AZEAE remarkably enhanced the state of hypertensive rats. Twelve compounds were isolated and identified, and five compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. The isolated compounds also exhibited good resistance against injury of HUVECs. Moreover, pharmacokinetics and Caco-2 cell monolayers demonstrated AZEAE had better absorption capacity than DDK, and DDK exhibited differences in tissues distribution and gender difference. This study was the first to assess the potential hypertensive applications of A. zerumbet in vivo and vitro, and the first direct and concise study of the in vivo behavior of DDK and AZEAE.

Woody plant cell walls: Fundamentals and utilization.

Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on, focusing mostly on herbaceous model species. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, transgenesis, and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls. Here, we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species. We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees. We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.

Radiomics and dosiomics for predicting radiation-induced hypothyroidism and guiding intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

To guide individualized intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), we developed and prospectively validated a multiview radiomics risk model for predicting radiation-induced hypothyroidism in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. And simulated radiotherapy plans with same dose-volume-histogram (DVH) but different dose distributions were redesigned to explore the clinical application of the multiview radiomics risk model. The radiomics and dosiomics were built based on selected radiomics and dosiomics features from planning computed tomography and dose distribution, respectively. The multiview radiomics risk model that integrated radiomics, dosiomics, DVH parameters, and clinical factors had better performance than traditional normal tissue complication probability models. And multiview radiomics risk model could identify differences of patient hypothyroidism-free survival that cannot be stratified by traditional models. Besides, two redesigned simulated plans further verified the clinical application and advantage of the multiview radiomics risk model. The multiview radiomics risk model was a promising method to predict radiation-induced hypothyroidism and guide individualized IMRT.

The Utilization of Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-Based Cell Manipulation in a Microfluidic System for the Purification and Sorting of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) with Different Sizes.

The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at the molecular level holds great promise for several clinical applications. For this goal, the harvest of high-purity, size-sorted CTCs with different subtypes from a blood sample are important. For this purpose, a two-step CTC isolation protocol was proposed, by which the immunomagnetic beads-based cell separation was first utilized to remove the majority of blood cells. After that, an optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) microfluidic system was developed to (1) purify the CTCs from the remaining magnetic microbeads-bound blood cells and to (2) sort and separate the CTCs with different sizes. In this study, the ODEP microfluidic system was designed and fabricated. Moreover, its optimum operation conditions and performance were explored. The results exhibited that the presented technique was able to purify and sort the cancer cells with two different sizes from a tested cell suspension in a high-purity (93.5% and 90.1% for the OECM 1 and HA22T cancer cells, respectively) manner. Overall, this study presented a technique for the purification and sorting of cancer cells with different sizes. Apart from this application, the technique is also useful for other applications in which the high-purity and label-free purification and sorting of cells with different sizes is required.

Higher waist circumference is associated with increased likelihood of female infertility: NHANES 2017-2020 results.

Background: Waist circumference can be used as an anthropometric measure to assess central obesity and is easier and more convenient than the waist-to-hip ratio in identifying the risk of obesity and medical problems. Most studies showing an association between obesity and infertility in women have used BMI to measure obesity. Our goal was to examine any potential association between waist circumference and infertility. Methods: This cross-sectional study, which formed part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), comprised women ages 18 to 45 between 2017 and 2020. Participants without waist circumference data or information on infertility were removed from the study. The independent relationship between waist circumference and infertility was investigated using weighted binary logistic regression and subgroup analysis. Results: We investigated 1509 participants and discovered that the prevalence of infertility rose as the WC trisection rose. (tertile 1, 7.55%; tertile 2, 10.56%; tertile 3, 15.28%; trend < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that after total adjustment, higher WC levels were associated with an increased likelihood of infertility in women (OR1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03), and There was a 2% rise in the incidence of infertility for every unit (cm) increased WC. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests showed no significant dependence of the effects of marital status, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol on the association between WC and infertility (p for all interaction tests > 0.05). The inflection point of the positive non-linear relationship between WC and infertility was 116.6 cm. Conclusion: Excessive waist circumference assessment may increase the probability of infertility, and more attention should be paid to the management of waist circumference should be given more attention.

TRPV4 enhances the synthesis of fatty acids to drive the progression of ovarian cancer through the calcium-mTORC1/SREBP1 signaling pathway.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a nonselective cation channel activated by various stimuli, such as heat. A recent study reported that high expression of TRPV4 predicted a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. This study demonstrated that TRPV4 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer and had the ability to promote proliferation and migration. Through RNA-seq and related experiments, we confirmed that the oncogenic pathway of TRPV4 in ovarian cancer may be related to the fatty acid synthesis. By correlation analysis and RNA-seq, we demonstrated that SREBP1 and mTORC1 were inseparably related to that. Therefore, we used inhibitors to perform experiments. Calcium fluorescent probe experiments suggest that the change of calcium content in ovarian cancer cells was related to the downstream mTORC1 signaling pathway and fatty acid synthesis. These results confirmed that TRPV4 affected the fatty acid synthesis through the calcium-mTOR/SREBP1 signaling pathway, thereby promoting ovarian cancer progression.