The effect of intraocular lens and lens eye on the treatment of macular splits in high myopia.

BACKGROUND: Macular retinoschisis in patients with high myopia is one of the main reasons for a decline in visual function and the perceived deformation of visual objects. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of cataract phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation (FILI) combined with internal limiting membrane stripping (ILMS) in the treatment of macular retinoschisis in patients with high myopia. METHODS: A total of 52 patients (55 eyes) who had been diagnosed with macular retinoschisis with high myopia between June 2019 and June 2020 were enrolled in the present study. Patients in the control group (25 eyes) received 23G vitreous surgery and macular ILMS and long-term inert gas (C3F8) filling of the vitreous cavity; patients in the research group (30 eyes) were additionally treated with cataract phacoemulsification and soft intraocular lens on the same treatment basis as the control group. RESULTS: The difference in average BCVA between the control and the research groups was not statistically significant before the surgery (P> 0.05) but was statistically significant 12 months after the procedure (P< 0.05). The minimum foveal thickness was significantly decreased in the two groups after the surgery compared with before the procedure (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cataract phacoemulsification and FILI further improved the therapeutic effect of ILMS in the treatment of macular retinoschisis in patients with high myopia.

Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography in Idiopathic Macular Epiretinal Membrane Surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and practicability of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (IOCT) in the surgery of idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMM) without internal limiting membrane staining in all patients. Methods: Patients were selected from July 2018 to June 2020, and 32 patients (32 eyes) with IMM were operated with the use of IOCT. All patients underwent standard 23g vitrectomy. The internal limiting membrane was peeled off if there were obvious retinal folds. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, macular microstructural changes, and integrity of the detached membranes were recorded. The preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity were compared. Results: The macular epiretinal membrane was completely removed in 75% (24 eyes) patients without internal limiting membrane staining, and in 15.6% (5 eyes) patients with combined internal limiting membrane stripping. The "starting point" of macular epiretinal membrane stripping was found in 75% (24 eyes), and the time required to find the best starting point ranged from 28s to 140s (mean 66 ± 15s). At 3 months after operation, 96.8% of the patients had stable or improved BCVA (p < 0.05). The central macular thickness of the affected eyes decreased significantly at 1 and 3 months after operation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: IOCT can significantly reduce the use of internal limiting membrane staining in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane surgery, and it is safe, feasible and practical in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane surgery without internal limiting membrane staining in all patients.

Depression-Induced Neuropeptide Y Secretion Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth by Recruiting Myeloid Cells.

PURPOSE: Psychologic depression has been shown to dysregulate the immune system and promote tumor progression. The aim of this study is to investigate how psychologic depression alters the immune profiles in prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used a murine model of depression in Myc-CaP tumor-bearing immunocompetent FVB mice and Hi-myc mice presenting with spontaneous prostate cancer. Transwell migration and coculture assays were used to evaluate myeloid cell trafficking and cytokine profile changes evoked by Myc-CaP cells that had been treated with norepinephrine (NE), a major elevated neurotransmitter in depression. Chemoattractant, which correlated with immune cell infiltration, was screened by RNA-seq. The chemoattractant and immune cell infiltration were further confirmed using clinical samples of patients with prostate cancer with a high score of psychologic depression. RESULTS: Psychologic depression predominantly promoted tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) intratumor infiltrations, which resulted from spleen and circulating monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell mobilization. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) released from NE-treated Myc-CaP cells promotes macrophage trafficking and IL6 releasing, which activates STAT3 signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Clinical specimens from patients with prostate cancer with higher score of depression revealed higher CD68+ TAM infiltration and stronger NPY and IL6 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Depression promotes myeloid cell infiltration and increases IL6 levels by a sympathetic-NPY signal. Sympathetic-NPY inhibition may be a promising strategy for patients with prostate cancer with high score of psychologic depression.See related commentary by Mohammadpour et al., p. 2363.

In vitro and in vivo evidence that quercetin protects against diabetes and its complications: A systematic review of the literature.

Quercetin, a typical flavonoid, possesses diverse biochemical and physiological actions, including antiplatelet, estrogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review mainly centers on recent ten years findings with respect to intervening diabetes and its complications with the well-known flavonoid quercetin. After a short introduction of quercetin, major in vitro and in vivo findings are summarized showing that quercetin is a promising molecule for the treatment of these diseases. Finally, we contemplate future development and application prospects of quercetin. Despite the wealth of in animal research results suggesting the anti-diabetic and its complications potential of quercetin, its efficacy in diabetic human subjects is yet to be explored. The problem may become an important direction in the future research.

Depression promotes prostate cancer invasion and metastasis via a sympathetic-cAMP-FAK signaling pathway.

Depression drives cancer progression and induces poor clinical outcome. However, the mechanisms underlying depression and cancer outcomes are unclear. In this work, we investigated 98 prostate cancer patients and found that patients with high score of psychological depression were correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis. We found focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was increased in cancer patients with metastatic features and high score of depression. FAK knockdown completely blocked depression-promoted tumor invasion in orthotopic transplantation tumors. In Hi-myc mice and a murine model of depression, sympathetic activation was detected in the prostate tissue. Further we showed that FAK activation was dependent on a cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that the activation of a sympathetic-FAK signaling pathway in prostate cancer patients with high degrees of depression facilitates tumor invasion. We suggest that blocking ß2AR with propranolol or inhibiting FAK activation with PF562 271 may be novel strategies for depressed patients with invasive prostate cancer.

Phylogenetic analysis of euthyneuran gastropods from sea to land mainly based on comparative mitogenomic of four species of Onchidiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata).

We generated complete mitochondrial genome sequences data for 4 genera (Onchidium, Platevindex, Paraoncidium and Peronia) in Onchidiidae to construct a phylogenetic tree in conjunction with other 9 existing data among gastropods. The topology showed that the taxa clustered into two main groups of four species, one of which included Onchidium struma and the Platevindex mortoni, the other Paraoncidium reevesii and Peronia verruculata. The process in Pulmonata from sea to land in accordance with the evolution of respiratory organs from branchial gills to pulmonary cavity has been shown. This will also constitute a framework for phylogeny evolution analysis, systematic classfication of Onchidiidae and other euthyneurans (pulmonates and opisthobranchs).

[Enrichment of Cd2+ and Hg2+ in Phascolosoma esculenta and their effects].

The accumulation of Cd2+ and Hg2+ in Phascolosoma esculenta and its effects on its growth and main nutrient components were investigated using atomic absorption spectrometer analysis and atomic fluorescence spectrometer examination. The results showed that within the experimental heavy metal concentrations, the amounts of Cd2+ and Hg2+ accumulated in the somatic muscles increased with increasing exposure time and reached their saturated levels at the end of the experiment. Exposure of higher heavy metal concentrations speeded up the accumulation of Cd2+ and Hg2+ and subsequently took less time to reach their saturated levels, which were greater than those of lower concentration groups. The rate of mass gain of P. esculenta decreased with increasing the heavy metal exposure concentrations. The combination exposure of Cd2+ and Hg2+ led to a significantly lower mass gain rate compared to those exposed to Cd2+ or Hg2+. The protein content of somatic muscles increased with the increase of exposure concentration and reached the maximum values at 0.05 and 0.02 mg · L(-1) for Cd2+ and Hg2+, respectively. After that, the protein content of somatic muscles began to decrease. The combined exposure of the two heavy metals showed similar effect trends but more significant impacts on the protein content of somatic muscles. The lipid content of somatic muscles decreased with increasing the concentration of Cd2+ or Hg2+ exposure, and the combination of Cd2+ and Hg2+ led to lower lipid content.

The fine structure of coelomocytes in the sipunculid Phascolosoma esculenta.

Ultrastructural characteristics of coelomocytes of the sipunculid Phascolosoma esculenta were studied by transmission electron microscopy. There are several cell types in the coelomic fluid, including three kinds of granulocytes, vesicular cells, germ cells, amoebocytes, phagocytes, and erythrocytes; there are also a new cell complex which is composed of podocytes and granular cells. And several other cell types (erythrocyte and different kinds of granulocytes) gathering together was discovered in the coelomic fluid of P. esculenta. Functional interpretations were provided for these cells using morphological evidence. The coelomocytes from different sipunculid genera and Annelida were compared. The structural diversity of coelomocytes provides both taxonomic characteristics for discriminative identification and phylogenetic markers in Phascolosoma and other sipunculid taxa.