Augmented reality display with high eyebox uniformity over the full field of view based on a random mask grating.

Ensuring uniform illuminance in waveguide-based augmented reality (AR) display devices is crucial for providing an immersive and comfortable visual experience. However, there is a lack of a straightforward and efficient design method available to achieve illuminance uniformity over the full field of view. To address this issue, we propose a novel design that utilizes random mask gratings (RMGs) as the folding grating and the out-coupling grating. Unlike traditional approaches that modify the grating structure, we control the diffraction efficiency distribution by adjusting the filling factor of the mask while keeping the grating structure unchanged in one RMG. The grating structures are designed and optimized based on rigorous coupled wave analysis and particle swarm optimization. The feasibility of our method is verified by the simulation results in Lighttools. In the FOV range of 20°×15°, the eyebox uniformities of all fields are greater than 0.78, which can provide a good visual experience for users.

Comparison of the Detection Rate and Specificity of Irregular Red Blood Cell Antibodies Between First-Time Pregnant Women and Women With a History of Multiple Pregnancies Among 18,010 Chinese Women.

Background: There is insufficient evidence to assess the risk of the production of clinically important alloimmune irregular red blood cell (RBC) antibodies in first-time pregnant women. Methods: Using the microcolumn gel antiglobulin method, 18,010 Chinese women with a history of pregnancy and pregnant women were screened for irregular RBC antibodies, and for those with positive test results, antibody specificity was determined. The detection rate and specificity of irregular RBC antibodies in women with a history of multiple pregnancies (two or more) and first-time pregnant women were determined. Results: In addition to 25 patients who passively acquired anti-D antibodies via an intravenous anti-D immunoglobulin injection, irregular RBC antibodies were detected in 121 (0.67%) of the 18,010 women. Irregular RBC antibodies were detected in 93 (0.71%) of the 13,027 women with a history of multiple pregnancies, and antibody specificity was distributed mainly in the Rh, MNSs, Lewis, and Kidd blood group systems; irregular RBC antibodies were detected in 28 (0.56%) of the 4983 first-time pregnant women, and the antibody specificity was distributed mainly in the MNSs, Rh, and Lewis blood group systems. The difference in the percentage of patients with irregular RBC antibodies between the two groups was insignificant (χ 2 = 1.248, P > 0.05). Of the 121 women with irregular RBC antibodies, nine had anti-Mur antibodies, and one had anti-Dia antibodies; these antibodies are clinically important but easily missed because the antigenic profile of the reagent RBCs that are commonly used in antibody screens does not include the antigens that are recognized by these antibodies. Conclusion: Irregular RBC antibody detection is clinically important for both pregnant women with a history of multiple pregnancies and first-time pregnant women. Mur and Dia should be included in the antigenic profile of reagent RBCs that are used for performing antibody screens in the Chinese population.

Multi-cohort study on cytokine and chemokine profiles in the progression of COVID-19.

Various substances in the blood plasma serve as prognostic indicators of the progression of COVID-19. Consequently, multi-omics studies, such as proteomic and metabolomics, are ongoing to identify accurate biomarkers. Cytokines and chemokines, which are crucial components of immune and inflammatory responses, play pivotal roles in the transition from mild to severe illness. To determine the relationship between plasma cytokines and the progression of COVID-19, we used four study cohorts to perform a systematic study of cytokine levels in patients with different disease stages. We observed differential cytokine expression between patients with persistent-mild disease and patients with mild-to-severe transformation. For instance, IL-4 and IL-17 levels significantly increased in patients with mild-to-severe transformation, indicating differences within the mild disease group. Subsequently, we analysed the changes in cytokine and chemokine expression in the plasma of patients undergoing two opposing processes: the transition from mild to severe illness and the transition from severe to mild illness. We identified several factors, such as reduced expression of IL-16 and IL-18 during the severe phase of the disease and up-regulated expression of IL-10, IP-10, and SCGF-ß during the same period, indicative of the deterioration or improvement of patients' conditions. These factors obtained from fine-tuned research cohorts could provide auxiliary indications for changes in the condition of COVID-19 patients.

Low-dose radiation therapy mobilizes antitumor immunity: New findings and future perspectives.

Radiotherapy has unique immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Although high-dose radiotherapy has been found to have systemic antitumor effects, clinically significant abscopal effects were uncommon on the basis of irradiating single lesion. Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) emerges as a novel approach to enhance the antitumor immune response due to its role as a leverage to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In this article, from bench to bedside, we reviewed the possible immunomodulatory role of LDRT on TIME and systemic tumor immune environment, and outlined preclinical evidence and clinical application. We also discussed the current challenges when LDRT is used as a combination therapy, including the optimal dose, fraction, frequency, and combination of drugs. The advantage of low toxicity makes LDRT potential to be applied in multiple lesions to amplify antitumor immune response in polymetastatic disease, and its intersection with other disciplines might also make it a direction for radiotherapy-combined modalities.

Hybrid waveguide based augmented reality display system with extra large field of view and 2D exit pupil expansion.

For a waveguide display device, the field of view (FOV) is a key parameter for evaluating its optical performance. To address this issue, we propose a hybrid waveguide system, which is composed of two projectors, two in-couplers, two half-mirror arrays and an out-coupler. We use two projectors to generate the left and right parts of the output image separately, which can increase the upper limit of the FOV significantly. Unlike conventional waveguide-based system, we use half-mirror arrays instead of folding gratings to realize 2D exit pupil expansion. By doing so, the total internal reflection condition can always be met during the pupil expansion process. To solve the difficulty in designing collimating optical system with large FOV, we propose a method of tilting the projection system. The hybrid waveguide system can realize a FOV of 88°(H) × 53°(V).

Safety and Tolerability of Low-Dose Radiation and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy + Sintilimab for Treatment-Naïve Stage IV PD-L1+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

PURPOSE: Low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) may enhance the synergistic antitumor effect of combined immunotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). The safety and efficacy of this novel triple-combination therapy were evaluated for the first time as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective phase I study enrolled 29 patients and included a dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase. Patients received SBRT [30 Gray (Gy)/3f] to small lesions and LDRT (2 Gy/1f, 4 Gy/2f, or 10 Gy/5f) to a large lesion concurrently, followed by sintilimab (a programmed death-1 inhibitor). The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability; secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: No dose-limiting toxicities were observed during the dose-escalation phase; 4 Gy/2f was the recommended LDRT dose. Median follow-up was 15.6 months. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) occurred in 96.6% (28/29) of patients [grade ≥ 3; 20.7% (6/29)]; 2 patients (6.9%) discontinued due to TRAEs. Seven patients experienced pneumonitis (grade 2, n = 6; grade 3, n = 1). Immune-related adverse events were noted in 58.6% (17/29) of patients. In patients with tumor assessment (n = 28), ORR and confirmed ORR were 60.7% and 57.1%, respectively. Median PFS was 8.6 months (95% confidence interval, 3.7-16.5), and median OS was not reached. Exploratory analyses suggested both expanded and newly emerging T-cell receptor clonotypes were associated with better PFS. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the novel SBRT + LDRT + sintilimab therapy is safe and promising in patients with programmed death ligand-1-positive, driver gene-negative primary metastatic NSCLC.

Piperacillin-tazobactam induced immune hemolytic anemia led to increased renal impairment and eventual death from multiple organ failure in a patient with hypertensive nephropathy: case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Piperacillin is one of the most common drugs that cause drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia, but a complete description of the serological features and course of the disease is rare. This study completely describes the serological characteristics and course of a patient with hypertensive nephropathy who developed drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia and worsened renal function during repeated administration of piperacillin-tazobactam. CASE PRESENTATION: A 79-year-old male patient with hypertensive nephropathy who developed severe hemolytic anemia and worsened renal function during intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam anti-infective treatment due to lung infection. Serological tests showed that the result of the direct antiglobulin test for anti-IgG was positive (4 +) and anti-C3d was negative, and the irregular red blood cell antibody screening test was negative. Plasma samples collected at different times from 2 days before to 12 days after the discontinuation of piperacillin-tazobactam administration were incubated with piperacillin solution and red blood cells of O-type healthy blood donors at 37 °C, IgG piperacillin-dependent antibodies were detected, and the highest titer was 128. However, no tazobactam-dependent antibody was detected in any plasma samples. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with piperacillin-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Although blood transfusion and continuous renal replacement therapy were given, the patient died of multiple organ failure 15 days after the administration of piperacillin-tazobactam was stopped. CONCLUSION: This is the first complete description of the disease course and serological changes of piperacillin-induced immune hemolytic anemia, which is bound to help deepen the understanding of drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia and draw profound lessons from it.

Multi-scale information fusion network with label smoothing strategy for corneal ulcer classification in slit lamp images.

Corneal ulcer is the most common symptom of corneal disease, which is one of the main causes of corneal blindness. The accurate classification of corneal ulcer has important clinical importance for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. To achieve this, we propose a deep learning method based on multi-scale information fusion and label smoothing strategy. Firstly, the proposed method utilizes the densely connected network (DenseNet121) as backbone for feature extraction. Secondly, to fully integrate the shallow local information and the deep global information and improve the classification accuracy, we develop a multi-scale information fusion network (MIF-Net), which uses multi-scale information for joint learning. Finally, to reduce the influence of the inter-class similarity and intra-class diversity on the feature representation, the learning strategy of label smoothing is introduced. Compared with other state-of-the-art classification networks, the proposed MIF-Net with label smoothing achieves high classification performance, which reaches 87.07 and 83.84% for weighted-average recall (W_R) on the general ulcer pattern and specific ulcer pattern, respectively. The proposed method holds promise for corneal ulcer classification in fluorescein staining slit lamp images, which can assist ophthalmologists in the objective and accurate diagnosis of corneal ulcer.

Psychological distress and eustress in cancer and cancer treatment: Advances and perspectives.

Facing cancer diagnosis, patients with cancer are prone to psychological stress and consequent psychological disorders. The association between psychological stress and cancer has long been a subject of high interest. To date, preclinical studies have gradually uncovered the promotive effects of psychological distress on tumor hallmarks. In contrast, eustress may exert suppressive effects on tumorigenesis and beneficial effects on tumor treatment, which brings a practicable means and psychosocial perspective to cancer treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, by focusing on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system, as well as stress-related crucial neurotransmitters and hormones, we highlight the effects of distress and eustress on tumorigenesis, the tumor microenvironment, and tumor treatment. We also discuss the findings of clinical studies on stress management in patients with cancer. Last, we summarize questions that remain to be addressed and provide suggestions for future research directions.

[Para-Bombay phenotype due to bi-allelic heterozygous base deletions of FUT1 gene].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic mechanism underlying a case with para-Bombay phenotype. METHODS: The ABO and Lewis phenotype were identified with serological methods. The coding regions of exons 6 and 7 of the ABO and FUT1 genes were amplified with PCR and directly sequenced. Haploid sequence analysis was carried out on the variant sites of the FUT1 gene. RESULTS: Serological analysis confirmed that the proband has a rare para-Bombay phenotype. Direct sequencing revealed that he was a B.01/O.01.02 heterozygote for the ABO gene, and had heterozygous deletion for the 768 and 881-882 sites of the FUT1 gene. Further haploid analysis showed that the c.881_882delTT deletion has occurred in one haploid while c.768delC was present in the other haploid. The proband was therefore determined as a FUT1*01N.13/01N.20 heterozygote, which have resulted in frameshift in polypeptide chain p.Phe294Cysfs*40 and p.Val257Phefs*23, respectively. CONCLUSION: A rare bi-allelic heterozygous deletion of para-Bombay phenotype has been identified in a blood donor. The c.881_882delTT and c.768delC deletions may decrease the activity of α-1,2-fucosyltransferase.

MALDI-TOF-MS for Rapid Screening and Typing of ß-Globin Variant and ß-Thalassemia through Direct Measurements of Intact Globin Chains.

BACKGROUND: Traditional phenotype-based screening for ß-globin variant and ß-thalassemia using hematological parameters is time-consuming with low-resolution detection. Development of a MALDI-TOF-MS assay using alternative markers is needed. METHODS: We constructed a MALDI-TOF-MS-based approach for identifying various ß-globin disorders and classifying thalassemia major (TM) and thalassemia intermedia (TI) patients using 901 training samples with known HBB/HBA genotypes. We then validated the accuracy of population screening and clinical classification in 2 separate cohorts consisting of 16 172 participants and 201 ß-thalassemia patients. Traditional methods were used as controls. Genetic tests were considered the gold standard for testing positive specimens. RESULTS: We established a prediction model for identifying different forms of ß-globin disorders in a single MALDI-TOF-MS test based on δ- to ß-globin, γ- to α-globin, γ- to ß-globin ratios, and/or the abnormal globin-chain patterns. Our validation study yielded comparable results of clinical specificity (99.89% vs 99.71%), and accuracy (99.78% vs 99.16%) between the new assay and traditional methods but higher clinical sensitivity for the new method (97.52% vs 88.01%). The new assay identified 22 additional abnormal hemoglobins in 69 individuals including 9 novel ones, and accurately screened for 9 carriers of deletional hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin or δß-thalassemia. TM and TI were well classified in 178 samples out of 201 ß-thalassemia patients. CONCLUSIONS: MALDI-TOF-MS is a highly accurate, predictive tool that could be suitable for large-scale screening and clinical classification of ß-globin disorders.

[Effect of High-Volume Leukapheresis on Hematological Indexes of Patients with Hyperleukocytic Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the collection efficiency of leukapheresis, explore relatively scientific and objective evaluation indicators for collection effect, and observe the effect of high-volume leukapheresis on blood cells and coagulation function. METHODS: A total of 158 times of high-volume leukapheresis were performed on 93 patients with hyperleukocytic leukemia by using continuous flow centrifugal blood component separator. 1/5-1/4 of total blood volume of the patients was taken as the target value of leukocyte suspension for single treatment. In addition, the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) subtracted, value of WBCs reduction, rate of WBCs reduction, decrease value of WBCs count, decrease rate of WBCs count, amount of hemoglobin (Hb) lost, value of Hb lost, decreased value of Hb, total number of platelet (PLT) lost, the value of PLT loss, and decrease value of PLT count were used to comprehensively evaluate the collection effect of leukapheresis and influence on Hb level and PLT count of the patients. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (Fib) concentration were detected before and after treatment, and the effect of leukapheresis on coagulation function of the patients was observed. RESULTS: The volume of leukocyte suspension collected in a single treatment was 793.01±214.23 ml, the total number of WBCs subtracted was 353.25 (241.99-547.28)×109, the value of WBCs reduction was 86.98 (63.05-143.43)×109/L, the rate of WBCs reduction was 44.24 (28.37-70.48)%, decrease value of WBCs count was 65.73 (37.17-103.97)×109/L, decrease rate of WBCs count was (35.67±23.08)%, the amount of Hb lost was 17.36 (12.12-24.94) g, the value of Hb lost was 4.31 (3.01-6.12) g/L, decreased value of Hb was 4.80 (-1.25-9.33) g/L, total number of PLT lost was 222.79 (67.03-578.31)×109, the value of PLT loss was 54.45 (17.29-139.08)×109/L, and decrease value of PLT count was 26.00 (8.38-62.50)×109/L. Before and after a single treatment, the PT was 14.80 (13.20-16.98) s and 15.20 (13.08-16.90) s (z=-1.520, P>0.05), the aPTT was 35.20 (28.68-39.75) s and 35.40 (28.00-39.75) s (z=-2.058, P<0.05), the TT was 17.50 (16.30-18.80) s and 17.70 (16.70-19.10) s (z=-3.928, P<0.001), and the Fib concentration was 2.87±1.13 g/L and 2.64±1.03 g/L (t=7.151, P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: High-volume leukapheresis can improve the efficiency of leukapheresis while maintaining the relative stability of the patients' circulating blood volume. The degree of influence on the patients' Hb level, PLT count, Fib concentration, and comprehensive coagulation indicators reflecting the patients' intrinsic and cxtrinsic coagulation activity is within the body's compensation range.

Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis Induced by Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Occurrence and Mechanism.

Immune checkpointty inhibitors (ICIs), particularly those targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), enhance the antitumor effect by restoring the function of the inhibited effector T cells and produce durable responses in a large variety of metastatic and late patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Although often well tolerated, the activation of the immune system results in side effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can affect multiple organ systems, including the lungs. The occurrence of severe pulmonary irAEs, especially checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP), is rare but has extremely high mortality and often overlaps with the respiratory symptoms and imaging of primary tumors. The development of CIP may be accompanied by radiation pneumonia and infectious pneumonia, leading to the simultaneous occurrence of a mixture of several types of inflammation in the lungs. However, there is a lack of authoritative diagnosis, grading criteria and clarified mechanisms of CIP. In this article, we review the incidence and median time to onset of CIP in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in clinical studies. We also summarize the clinical features, potential mechanisms, management and predictive biomarkers of CIP caused by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in non-small-cell lung cancer treatment.

Case Report: Oral Cimetidine Administration Causes Drug-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia by Eliciting the Production of Cimetidine-Dependent Antibodies and Drug-Independent Non-specific Antibodies.

Previously, it was reported that multiple patients had hemolytic anemia associated with cimetidine administration, while only one patient who had received intravenous cimetidine was serologically diagnosed with drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) caused by cimetidine-dependent antibodies. However, the ability of oral cimetidine intake to induce the production of antibodies has not been examined. In this study, we report a 44-year-old male patient in whom oral cimetidine administration resulted in cimetidine-dependent antibodies and drug-independent non-specific antibodies, leading to the development of DIIHA. Serological tests showed that the results of direct antiglobulin test (DAT) for anti-IgG (3+) and anti-C3d (1+) were positive. The IgM and IgG cimetidine-dependent antibodies (the highest total titer reached 4,096) were detected in the plasma incubated with O-type RBCs and 1 mg/mL cimetidine or the plasma incubated with cimetidine-coated RBCs. IgG-type drug-independent non-specific antibodies were detected in blood samples collected at days 13, 34, 41, and 82 post-drug intake. This is the first study to report that oral administration of cimetidine can elicit the production of cimetidine-dependent antibodies, leading to DIIHA, and the production of drug-independent non-specific antibodies, resulting in hemolytic anemia independent of cimetidine. Presence of pathogenic antibodies were detectable longer than 41 days. This suggests that patients with DIIHA caused by cimetidine need to be given necessary medical monitoring within 41 days after cimetidine intake.

Case Report: Drug-Induced Immune Haemolytic Anaemia Caused by Cefoperazone-Tazobactam/ Sulbactam Combination Therapy.

There has previously been a report of a patient developing haemolytic anaemia following exposure to cefoperazone. Another case has been reported involving the detection of cefoperazone-dependent antibodies in the absence of immune haemolytic anaemia. To date, no serological evidence has been reported to suggest that cefoperazone can lead to drug-induced immune haemolytic anaemia (DIIHA). This report aims to fill these gaps in knowledge by describing a case of DIIHA caused by cefoperazone-dependent antibodies. A 59-year-old man developed fatal haemolytic anaemia while receiving cefoperazone-tazobactam or cefoperazone-sulbactam for the treatment of a lung infection that occurred after craniocerebral surgery. This eventually led to renal function impairment. Prior to the discontinuation of cefoperazone treatment, the patient showed strong positive (4+) results for both anti-IgG and anti-C3d direct antiglobulin test (DAT), while cefoperazone-dependent IgM and IgG antibodies were detected. The patient's plasma and O-type RBCs were incubated with tazobactam or sulbactam solution at 37°C for 3 h, the results of DAT for anti-IgG and anti-C3d were both positive. Forty-three days after the discontinuation of cefoperazone, the results of DAT for anti-IgG and anti-C3d were negative. Meanwhile incubation of the patient's fresh serum and his own RBCs with cefoperazone at 37°C, gave rise to mild haemolysis, and the results of DAT for both anti-IgG and anti-C3d were positive. It is suggested that cefoperazone-dependent antibodies can activate complement, and the non-immunologic protein adsorption effect of tazobactam or sulbactam can enhance IgG and complement binding to RBCs. This may promote the formation of immunocomplexes and complement activation, thereby aggravating haemolysis.

A case of hyperhaemolysis syndrome in a pregnant Chinese woman with ß-thalassemia during perinatal transfusion.

OBJECTIVES: To report a case of hyperhaemolysis syndrome (HHS) that occurred during perinatal blood transfusion in a pregnant Chinese woman with ß-thalassemia to deepen the understanding of HHS and the risk of transfusion therapy for patients with thalassemia. BACKGROUND: Most HHS cases occur in people with sickle cell disease. So far, no cases of HHS have been reported in the Chinese population. Here, we report a pregnant Chinese women with ß-thalassemia experiencing HHS. METHODS: The patient received ABO- and RhD-matched red blood cell transfusion from six blood donors in four perinatal transfusions. Haemoglobinuria and lower haemoglobin levels compared to those before transfusion were observed after each transfusion, and the lactate dehydrogenase was consistently elevated. The blood samples were collected at different time points during the hospitalisation for direct antiglobulin test (DAT), antibody screening test and acid elution test. The antigens of six blood donors were identified, and the cross-matching tests were repeated using the blood sample of the patient with specific irregular antibodies after the last transfusion. RESULTS: The DAT of the patient was negative for anti-IgG and positive (1+) for anti-C3d, and no red blood cell antibodies were detected in the eluent before, between and after transfusions. Before and between transfusions, blood samples were negative for red blood cell irregular antibodies, whereas IgM anti-P1 and IgG anti-Jka were detected in blood samples the next day after the last transfusion. In the six donors, two were negative for P1 and Jka , one was positive for P1 and negative for Jka , and three were negative for P1 and positive for Jka . The tentative cross-matching tests using the indirect antiglobulin method in saline showed that only agglutination occurred in the blood samples of the patient collected after last transfusion and the three Jka -positive blood donors. DISCUSSION: The clinical manifestations and laboratory test results suggested that HHS occurred in this patient with ß-thalassemia after each transfusion. Clinicians should be aware that HHS can occur with compatible blood transfusion.

Case Report: First Case of Cefotaxime-Sulbactam-Induced Acute Intravascular Hemolysis in a Newborn With ABO Blood Type Incompatibility by the Mechanism of Non-Immunologic Protein Adsorption.

Background: ABO blood type incompatibility hemolytic disease of newborn (ABO-HDN) and drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) due to non-immunologic protein adsorption (NIPA) mainly cause extravascular hemolysis. All the reported severe DIIHA were caused by drug-induced antibodies, and rare report of acute intravascular hemolysis was caused by the NIPA mechanism or ABO-HDN. Case presentation: We report the first case of acute intravascular hemolysis induced by cefotaxime sodium - sulbactam sodium (CTX - SBT) in a case of ABO-HDN which resulted in death at 55 h after birth. The mother's blood type was O and RhD-positive, and the newborn's blood type was B and RhD-positive. No irregular red blood cell (RBC) antibodies or drug-dependent antibodies related to CTX or SBT was detected in the mother's plasma and the plasma or the RBC acid eluent of the newborn. Before the newborn received CTX - SBT treatment, the result of direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was negative while anti-B was positive (2 +) in both plasma and acid eluent. After the newborn received CTX - SBT treatment, the results of DAT for anti-IgG and anti-C3d were both positive, while anti-B was not detected in plasma, but stronger anti-B (3 +) was detected in acid eluent. In vitro experiments confirmed that NIPA of SBT promoted the specific binding of maternal-derived IgG anti-B to B antigen on RBCs of the newborn, thereby inducing acute intravascular hemolysis. Conclusion: The NIPA effect of SBT promoted the specific binding of mother-derived IgG anti-B in newborn's plasma to the newborn's RBC B antigens and formed an immune complex, and then activated complement, which led to acute intravascular hemolysis. Drugs such as SBT with NIPA effect should not be used for newborns with HDN.

Design of biological gene information collection system based on data mining technology.

At present, bioinformatics research focuses on the development from the accumulation of biological data to the integration and processing of biological data. This paper designs a bio gene information collection system based on data mining technology. In the system, the information of gene web analysis database, data mining model database and gene chip database is transferred to gene algorithm tool library, which can extract, transform and load the biological gene information, transfer the collected and processed biological gene information to gene general chip and web database analysis logic, and pass it to gene expression spectrum chip/data mining module through API function GUI, through the data mining module GUI feedback to the system users. The system hardware stores the biochip information in the virtual chip set model through the gene expression spectrum data analysis model uses the gene expression similarity analysis model to analyze the expression similarity of the biological gene information, and stores the information in the gene chip database; through the multi-layer structure model, constructs the web genome biochip including the application layer, the data processing layer and the representation layer. The information analysis module analyzes the biological gene information and stores the information in the gene web analysis database. The system software adopts the method of automatic collection of biological gene data based on the web to realize the collection of biological gene information, and gives the main implementation technology of the system. The experimental results show that the system can effectively collect biological gene information, and has high accuracy and anti-noise performance.

Genetic research and clinical analysis of deletional Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0 -thalassemia and Southeast Asian HPFH in South China.

Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0-thalassemia and SEA-HPFH are the most common types of ß-globin gene cluster deletion in Chinese population. The aim of the study was to analyze clinical features of deletional Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0-thalassemia and Southeast Asian hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (SEA-HPFH) in South China. A total of 930 subjects with fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level ≥ 2% were selected on genetic research of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0-thalassemia and SEA-HPFH. The gap polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify the deletions. One hundred cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0-thalassemia were detected, including 90 cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0/ßN-thalassemia, 7 cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0 /ßN-thalassemia combined with α-thalassemia, 2 cases of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0-thalassemia combined with ß-thalassemia, and 1 case of Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0-thalassemia combined with ß-gene mutation. One hundred nine cases of SEA-HPFH were detected, including 97 cases of SEA-HPFH/ßN, 9 cases of SEA-HPFH/ßN combined with α-thalassemia, 2 cases of SEA-HPFH combined with ß-thalassemia, and 1 case of SEA-HPFH combined with ß-gene mutation. Statistical analysis indicates significant differences in MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), and HbA2 and HbF levels between Chinese Gγ+(Aγδß)0-thalassemia heterozygotes and SEA-HPFH heterozygotes (P < 0.001). There are statistical differences in hematological parameters between them. Clinical phenotypic analysis can provide guidance for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

[Effect of Highvolume Platelet Reduction Therapy on White Blood Cell Count and Hemoglobin Level in Patients with Thrombocytosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of high volume platelet reduction therapy on the white blood cell (WBC) count and hemoglobin (Hb) level in patients with thrombocytosis. METHODS: Thirty-two plateletphoreses were performed for patients with thromocytosis by using ELP or MNC program of blood component isolator of COBE spectra continuous flow concentrifugation and the ACD-A preservation solution for blood as blood anticoagulant. In each treatment of patients, 2.5-3.0 tines total blood volume (TBV) were circulated, then the platelet suspension of 1/5-1/4 time TBV was prepared and collected. RESULTS: A single plateletpheresis took (212.53±41.54) minutes in which (8 812.63±2087.15) ml blood were treated, and (798.84±190.77) ml platelet suspension was collected. In the suspension, the platelet count was 4 486.50 (3 058.50-5 279.50)×109/L, containing 3 455.50 (2 288.68-4 226.71)×109. WBC count was 13.79 (10.21-20.72)×109/L, containing 11.90(7.81-14.40)×109. Hemoglobin concentration was (3.28±1.25) g/L，containing (2.62 ± 1.17) g. Before and after plateletpheresis, the patients' platelet count was 1 263.00 (1 052.50-1 807.50)×109/L and (778.83±247.25)×109/L（Z=4.94, P＜0.01), WBC count was 9.96(6.44-14.01)×109/L and 8.59(5.37, 13.12)×109/L (Z=13.31, P＜0.05), Hemoglobin concentration was (112.63 ± 24.56)g/L and (109.55 ± 24.46)g/L (t=1.68，P＞0.05). CONCLUSION: Using continuous flow centrifugation and blood component separating in plateletpheresis for the patients with thrombocytosis can obviously decrease the high ratio of platelets, and improve the effect of plateletpheresis. The high volume platelet reduction therapy can lead to decrease of WBC count to some alent, degree but WBC count still in the normal range, moreover not affect the hemoglobin level significantly.