Isolation and identification of Tete virus group (Peribunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) from Culicoides biting midges collected in Lichuan County, China.

In July 2018, a virus (JXLC1806-2) was isolated from Culicoides biting midges collected in Lichuan County, Jiangxi Province, China. The virus isolate showed significant cytopathic effects within 48 hours after inoculation with mammalian cells (BHK-21). JXLC1806-2 virus could form plaques in BHK-21 cells, and the virus titer was 1×105.6 pfu/mL. After inoculation with the virus, suckling mice developed disease and died. The nucleotide and amino sequence analysis showed that the JXLC1806-2 virus genome was composed of S, M and L segments. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the S, M and L genes of JXLC1806-2 virus belonged to the Tete serogroup, Orthobunyavirus, but formed an independent evolutionary branch from the other members of the Tete serogroup. The results showed that the JXLC1806-2 virus, which was named as Lichuan virus, is a new member of Tete serogroup, and this is the first time that a Tete serogroup virus has been isolated in China.

Isolation and Identification of Sandfly-Borne Viruses from Sandflies Collected from June to August, 2019, in Yangquan County, China.

In Yangquan County, the sandfly-transmitted virus (Wuxiang virus) was first isolated from sandflies in 2018. However, relationships between the abundance and seasonal fluctuations of local sandflies and sandfly-transmitted viruses are unknown. Herein, we report that sandfly specimens were collected in three villages in Yangquan County, from June to August, 2019. A total of 8363 sandflies were collected (June, 7927; July, 428; August, 8). Eighteen virus strains (June, 18; July, 0; August, 0) were isolated in pools of Phlebotomus chinensis. The genome sequence of the newly isolated virus strain was highly similar to that of the Wuxiang virus (WUXV), isolated from sandflies in Yangquan County in 2018. Our results suggested that the sandfly-transmitted viruses, and the local sandfly population, are stable in Yangquan County, and that June is the peak period for the virus carried by sandflies in this area.

Two Rhabdoviruses, One Novel, Isolated from Armigeres subalbatus in China.

The family Rhabdoviridae contain important human and mammalian pathogens that are vectored by different arthropod species. The ground supernatants of mosquitoes were used to inoculate in BHK-21 and C6/36 cells for virus isolation. Then, the viral complete genome sequence was obtained and used for phylogenetic analysis. In this study, we observed a cytopathic effect (CPE) in mosquito cells (C6/36) and rod-like virion after inoculating a pool of Armigeres subalbatus samples collected in Shanxi Province, China, in 2019 (SX1916). Meta-transcriptomics sequencing revealed the presence of two distinctive rhabdoviruses with similar abundance levels, namely, Shanxi Armigeres subalbatus rhabdovirus (SXARV) and Shanxi Arboretum virus (SXABTV). Despite the fact that the SXARV genome (9590 nt) was much shorter than that of SXABTV (11,480 nt), both belonged to the Almendravirus group within Rhabdoviridae whose genomes encoded five proteins (N, P, M, G, and L) and a small hydrophobin (U1) and the difference in lengths is mainly caused by a substantially shorter N protein encoded by SXARV. On the phylogenetic tree, SXABTV was closely related (90.7% amino acid identity at L protein) with the Arboretum virus isolated from Psorophora albigenu mosquitoes in Peru in 2014, whereas SXARV was distantly related to Rio Chico virus (63.3% amino acid identity), a genetic distance large enough to be defined as a new species within Rhabdoviridae. Collectively, we report a simultaneous isolation of two related rhabdoviruses from Armigeres subalbatus that marked the circulation of almendraviruses in Shanxi, China.

An Intelligent Classification Method of Multisource Enterprise Financial Data Based on SAS Model.

An enterprise is often faced with a large amount of financial information and data information. It is inefficient to rely solely on manual work, and the accuracy is difficult to guarantee. For the multisource data of corporate finance, it is more difficult for financial personnel to accurately analyze the connections between the data. For the multisource financial data of enterprise, this is also a time-consuming and laborious task for financial personnel. At the same time, it is difficult to find the correlation between multiple sources of data and then formulate financial data that guides the development of the enterprise. With the advancement of intelligent algorithms, an intelligent classification algorithm similar to the SAS model has emerged, which can realize the intelligent classification of enterprise financial multisource data and accurately predict the future development trend, which is extremely beneficial to the development and performance of the enterprise. This article mainly combines the financial intelligence classification model SAS with clustering and decision tree methods to classify the financial multisource information and uses the neural network method to carry out the future development trend of corporate finance. The research results show that the maximum error of enterprise financial classification after using the intelligent classification method is only 3.71% and that the forecast error of the future development trend of enterprise finance is only 1.77%. This is an acceptable error range, and this intelligent classification method is also greatly improving the efficiency of corporate financial management.

Re-isolation of Wuxiang Virus from Wild Sandflies Collected from Yangquan County, China.

We previously isolated a new species of the genus Phlebovirus from wild sandflies collected from Wuxiang County in central China, which named the Wuxiang virus (WUXV). In this study, we re-isolated the WUXV from wild sandflies collected from two villages in Yangquan County, China in 2019. Four virus isolates that caused cytopathic effects in BHK-21 cells were successfully isolated from sandfly specimens collected from chicken pens and sheep pens. Phylogenetic analyses of the L, M and S gene segments of the viruses revealed that the four virus strains represented the previously isolated WUXV. The minimum infection rate (MIR) of the virus isolated from the sheep pen was 3.21, and the MIR of the virus isolated from the chicken pen was 3.45. The positive rates of Wuxiang virus neutralizing antibodies in serum samples of local healthy people and domestic chickens were 8.7% (4/46) and 100% (4/4), respectively, suggesting that Wuxiang virus can infect human and animal. In view of the fact that Wuxiang virus is infectious to humans and animals and has a relatively wide geographical distribution in China, it is of great public health significance to strengthen the investigation and study on the infection status of Wuxiang virus in humans and animals.

Wuxiang Virus Is a Virus Circulated Naturally in Wuxiang County, China.

Background: Wuxiang virus was isolated from sandfly specimens collected in Wuxiang County, Shanxi Province, China in 2018, representing the first reported isolation of sandfly-borne virus from sandflies collected in a natural environment in China. The local sandfly density, seasonal fluctuations, and temporal and spatial distributions of the virus in Wuxiang County remain unclear. Materials and Methods: Four fixed sandfly collection sites were set up in Wuxiang County and sandfly specimens were collected continuously from June to August 2019. All sandfly specimens were subjected to viral isolation and molecular biological analysis. Results: The data on sandfly specimens collected in Wuxiang County from June to August 2019 showed a significant difference in the density of sandflies between June 26 and August 16 (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was found in sandfly density among collection sites (p > 0.05). A total of 33 virus isolates causing cytopathic effects in mammalian (BHK-21) cells were obtained from 7466 sandflies (91 pools) collected from June to August 2019. The results of molecular genetic evolution analysis of the nucleotide sequence of these isolates showed that the L and S genes (encoding NS and N proteins) of the 33 viruses isolated in 2019 are in the same evolutionary branch as the previously isolated Wuxiang virus. No significant difference was found in the virus isolation rate (the pool isolation rate of virus) among sandflies collected at different times from June to August (p > 0.05). The virus isolation rate of sandflies collected at different collection sites showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the Wuxiang virus is a stable viral population in local sandflies. Strengthened research into Wuxiang virus infection of humans and animals and clarification of the public health hazards posed by Wuxiang virus to both humans and animals are urgently needed.

Risk factor analysis combined with deep learning in the risk assessment of overseas investment of enterprises.

To evaluate the overseas investment risks of enterprises and expand the application and development of deep learning methods in risk assessment, 15 national clusters are utilized as samples to analyze and discuss the overseas investment risk indicators of enterprises. First, based on the indicator system of overseas investment risks, five major types of investment risks are identified. Second, the Deep Neural Network (DNN) is introduced; a risk evaluation model is constructed for enterprise overseas investment. Finally, the investment attractiveness index in the Fraser risk assessment learning label is adopted as the evaluation results of the model. According to the classification of risks, the model is trained and its performance is tested. The results show that the major source of overseas investment risks includes basic resources, political systems, economic and financial development, and environmental protection. The corresponding risk score is high. North American country clusters and Oceanian country clusters have lower investment risks, while the investment risks in Africa, Latin America, and Asia are affected by multiple factors of the specific cities. This is closely related to the resources and legal systems possessed by the country clusters. This is of great significance for enterprises to conduct risk assessment in overseas investment.

Organocatalyzed Asymmetric 1,6-Conjugate Addition of para-Quinone Methides with Dicyanoolefins.

A chiral thiourea catalyzed asymmetric 1,6-conjugate addition of para-quinone methides with dicyanoolefins has been developed. The reaction provided an efficient approach to the synthesis of chiral diarylmethine skeletons in good yields (up to 99% yield) with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity (>20:1 dr and up to 99.5:0.5 er), also on a gram scale. The preliminary mechanistic study showed that the remote stereocontrol was achieved through intermolecular hydrogen-bond interaction between the chiral thiourea catalyst and the para-quinone methides directly for the first time.

Dispersion-precipitation synthesis of nanosized magnetic iron oxide for efficient removal of arsenite in water.

Nanosized magnetic iron oxide was facilely synthesized by a dispersion-precipitation method, which involved acetone-promoted precipitation of colloidal hydrous iron oxide nanoparticles and subsequent calcination of the precipitate at 250°C. Characterization by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption, and vibrating-sample magnetometry revealed that the material was a composite of α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3 with primary particle size of 15-25 nm and specific surface area of 121 m(2)/g, as well as superparamagnetic property. The material was used as adsorbent for the removal of arsenite in water. Batch experiments showed that the adsorption isotherms at pH 3.0-11.0 fit the Langmuir equation and the adsorption obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics. Its maximum sorption capability for arsenite is 46.5 mg/g at pH 7.0. Coexisting nitrate, carbonate, sulfate, chloride, and fluoride have no significant effect on the removal efficiency of arsenite, while phosphate and silicate reduce the removal efficiency to some extent. The As(III) removal mechanism is chemisorption through forming inner-sphere surface complexes. The efficiency of arsenic removal is still maintained after five cycles of regeneration-reuse.

[Determination of atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyl 153 using isotope dilution-high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry].

Considering the features and demands of the environmental monitoring, an isotope dilution-high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls 153 (BB153) in the ambient air. PBDEs and BB153 were extracted using an accelerated solvent extraction apparatus with a mixture of hexane-dichloromethane (v/v, 1:1) and hexane, respectively. The concentrated extracts were loaded on the composite silica gel column for cleanup. The mean recoveries of native compounds at 10% and 90% of the highest levels of calibration curves were 100% and 104% with 5% and 6% of the mean relative standard deviations (n = 7), respectively. The recoveries of 13C labeled surrogates for di- to deca-brominated diphenyl ethers and BB153 were in the range of 36.5%-133%. However, the recoveries of 13C-monobrominated diphenyl ethers were relatively low, maybe due to the different physicochemical properties compared with the other homologues. No breakthrough of pollutants was estimated under real sampling volume of 300 m3. The limits of detection were lower than 2 x 10(-4) ng/Nm3. The recoveries of 13C labeled surrogates were between 56% and 126%, except monoBDEs. The results demonstrated that the method is suitable for the analysis of di- to decabrominated diphenyl ethers and BB153 in the ambient air with precise quantification.

[An overview on analytical method of volatile organic compounds in water].

Various methods on monitoring of volatile organic compounds in water in domestic environmental monitoring field were overviewed recently. In order to better understand the advantages and characteristics of various instruments, such as laboratory, emergency, and automatic on-line instrument, analytical methods of volatile organic compounds in water were reviewed and evaluated through specific instruments and experiments. This will enable these methods to play a more effective role for future research.

Efficient elimination of trace ethylene over nano-gold catalyst under ambient conditions.

Nano-Au/Co3O4 catalyst with high gold loading was found to be a good catalytic material for the elimination of trace ethylene (ppb) at ambient conditions. The gold nanoparticles dispersed on the support nano-Co3O4 surface contribute to this high activity at room temperature. The relatively rapid deactivation trend was observed under high concentrations of ethylene (1000 ppm), because coke deposits were present on the catalyst surface during the reaction process. This type of nano-gold catalytic material shows great potential as a meaningfully environmental catalyst, particularly for indoor environmental control of trace ethylene (ppb) and keeping fruits fresh during warehouse storage.

Influence of cation-adsorption and sonochemical approaches on the preparation of gold catalyst.

Nanosize mesoporous ZrO2 support was synthesized via a solid-state reaction route. A new preparation method involving cation-adsorption and sono-chemical procedure was developed for mesoporous ZrO2 supported nano-gold catalyst.

Nanoporous silica-supported nanometric palladium: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic deep oxidation of benzene.

In this present study, nanoporous silica SBA-15 supported palladium catalysts are prepared through two different methods. The catalysts are employed for catalytic deep oxidation reaction of benzene at a high gas hourly space velocity of 100,000 h(-1). It is found that the traditional aqueous impregnation method has some difficulties and disadvantages in obtaining highly dispersed palladium active phases. Whereas, when a grafting procedure is employed, palladium tends to be highly dispersed as nanoparticles due to the confinement of the nanosized pore channels of the support materials. The catalysts prepared via the grafting procedure catalyze the benzene oxidation far more effectively than those prepared via aqueous impregnation method, and complete conversion of benzene can be achieved below 190 degrees C over the most active catalyst. The nanoporous silica-supported palladium catalysts are promising materials for the control of some types of VOCs such as benzene.