Vaginal microbiome of women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a descriptive cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the vaginal microbiome of women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) receiving systemic hormone therapy (HT). METHODS: Forty women with POI receiving systemic HT for at least 6 months, who were sexually active, were included in the descriptive cross-sectional study. Vaginal secretion was collected for DNA extraction followed by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA. The samples were pooled into phylogenetic groups (Ravel groups I-V). RESULTS: Women had mean age of 37.13 (± 7.27) years and POI diagnosis at age 27.90 (± 8.68) years, and a mean HT duration of 8.20 (± 8.73) years. It was observed that 33.4% of the women presented group I flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus crispatus; 9% group II flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus gasseri; 33.4% group III flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus iners; 15.2% group IV flora, with a predominance of anaerobic bacteria; and 9% group V flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus jensenii. CONCLUSION: Women with POI receiving HT presented a vaginal microbiome with a predominance of lactobacilli in the composition of the vaginal flora, specifically L. crispatus and L. iners when evaluated by molecular biology through pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA.

Factors Associated to the Presence of Isthmocele Diagnosed by Pelvic Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Diagnostic Hysteroscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

We aimed to analyze the prevalence of isthmocele and factors associated with its onset within a cohort of women with previous history of cesarean section. A cross-sectional study with 90 women assessed from 2020 to 2022. Isthmocele was a composite variable diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or diagnostic hysteroscopy (DxHys) and were asked about clinical symptoms, sociodemographic and obstetrical history and quality of life by the WHO-QOL questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) plus 95% confidence intervals-CI) were performed to seek factors associated with the presence of isthmocele (5% significance level).The prevalence of isthmocele after combining MRI, TVUS and DxHys was 63.3% (n = 57). Women with isthmocele presented a higher body mass index (BMI) measured during delivery (32.70 ± 6.07 vs. 28.28 ± 9.86 kg/m2;p < 0.05) than women without isthmocele. Other sociodemographic variables, obstetrical history and WHO-QOL subdomains did not differ between groups. Within women with isthmocele, the residual myometrial mantle had an average of 4.97 ± 1.57 cm. Uterine volume was higher in the isthmocele group (103.95 vs. 81.34 cm3; p = 0.08), but with no statistical difference. Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) has reported that the factors associated with isthmocele were: higher BMI during delivery (aOR = 1.26[1.07-1.49];p < 0.05); longer interpartum interval (aOR = 1.22[1.03-1.46];p = 0.02) and presence of more than two cesarean sections (aOR = 2.16[1.16-4.01];p = 0.02). We concluded that a high prevalence of isthmocele was found. Women with previous cesarean section, with higher BMI during delivery and longer interdelivery interval were risk factors for the presence of isthmocele.

Assessment of quality of life, psychological aspects, and sexual function of women with endometriosis according to pain and infertility: a cross sectional study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of life, sexual function, anxiety, and depression of women with endometriosis according to pain symptoms and infertility. METHODS: This cross-sectional multicenter study included 229 women with endometriosis followed up at a tertiary hospital in Campinas, a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, and a reproductive medicine clinic in Campinas from 2018 to 2021. The women were divided into four groups according to the presence of pain symptoms and infertility. The Endometriosis Health Profile Questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Index were applied to assess quality of life, sexual function, depression, and anxiety of women with endometriosis. RESULTS: The women were grouped as follows: group 1 (45 women without infertility and without pain), group 2 (73 women without infertility and with pain), group 3 (49 women with infertility and without pain), and group 4 (62 women with infertility and pain). Of the women with infertility, the majority had primary infertility. Most women had deep endometriosis (p = 0.608). Women with pain had higher anxiety and depression scores and worse quality of life than women without pain (p < 0.001). Regarding sexual function, all the groups were at risk for sexual dysfunction (p = 0.671). The group of women with pain and infertility have worse anxiety scores (25.31 ± 15.96) and depression (18.81 ± 11.16) than the other groups. CONCLUSION: Pain symptoms worsen anxiety, depression, and quality of life of women with endometriosis and when associated with infertility, greater impairment of psychological aspects may occur.

Prolactinoma in postmenopausal women: a systematic review.

IMPORTANCE: Prolactinomas occurring during the reproductive period exhibit a characteristic behavior. There are, however, gaps in the literature regarding the behavior of these tumors after menopause. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review and characterize the influence of menopause on prolactinoma behavior. EVIDENCE REVIEW: A systematic review of observational prospective or retrospective studies and clinical trials on prolactinomas was conducted in two situations: tumors diagnosed in the reproductive period (before menopause), with follow-up in the postmenopausal period, or prolactinomas diagnosed in the postmenopausal period, without language or date restrictions. Data extracted from the articles included patient and tumor characteristics (prolactinoma type, previous treatment, symptoms, and serum prolactin [PRL] levels). FINDINGS: This study included five studies comprising 180 participants. Prolactinomas diagnosed in women of reproductive age are treated with dopaminergic agonists (DAs), with indications of treatment withdrawal after menopause, exhibited stable tumor behavior and PRL levels. Considering the diagnosis during the postmenopausal period, macroprolactinomas were more prevalent and showed tumor shrinkage when DAs were used. Cabergoline, the most commonly used drug, lowers PRL levels and reduces symptoms associated with adenoma. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Microadenomas diagnosed before menopause can be followed up without treatment. Prolactinomas diagnosed after menopause are typically macroadenomas. Cabergoline remains the treatment of choice in the presence of clinical or compressive symptoms. We recommend at least one annual follow-up for such patients.

Correlation between Anatomopathological Aspects and Pelvic Pain in Women with Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the morphological aspects with pelvic pain in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis. METHODS: A retrospective study with 67 women with deep endometriosis who underwent surgical treatment in a tertiary hospital from 2007 to 2017. The following variables were considered: age, parity, body mass index, site of involvement, hormonal treatment before surgery, pelvic pain, and morphometric analysis. The histological slides of the surgical specimens were revised and, using the ImageJ software for morphometric study, the percentages of stromal/glandular tissues were calculated in the histological sections. RESULTS: The mean age of the women was 38.9 ± 6.5 years. The mean pain score was 8.8 ± 1.9 and the mean time of symptomatology was 4.7 ± 3.5 years, with 87% of the patients undergoing hormone treatment prior to surgery. The average expression of CD10, CK7, and S100 markers was 19.5 ± 11.8%, 9.4 ± 5.9%, and 7.9 ± 5.8% respectively. It was found that the greater the expression of CD10, the greater the level of pain (p = 0.02). No correlation was observed between the expression of CD10, CK7, and S100 markers and age and duration of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Women with deep infiltrating endometriosis have a positive association between the level of pain and the fibrosis component in the endometrial tissue's histological composition.

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar os aspectos morfológicos com a dor pélvica em mulheres com endometriose profunda. MéTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 67 mulheres com endometriose profunda submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico em hospital terciário de 2007 a 2017. As seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: idade, paridade, índice de massa corporal, local do acometimento, tratamento hormonal antes da cirurgia, dor pélvica e análise morfométrica. As lâminas histológicas das peças cirúrgicas foram revisadas e, por meio do software ImageJ para estudo morfométrico, foram calculadas as porcentagens de tecidos estromais/glandulares nos cortes histológicos. RESULTADOS: A média etária das mulheres foi de 38,9 ± 6,5 anos. O escore de dor médio foi de 8,8 ± 1,9 e o tempo médio de sintomatologia foi de 4,7 ± 3,5 anos, sendo que 87% das pacientes realizavam tratamento hormonal antes da cirurgia. A expressão média dos marcadores CD10, CK7 e S100 foi de 19,5 ± 11,8%, 9,4 ± 5,9% e 7,9 ± 5,8%, respectivamente. Verificou-se que quanto maior a expressão de CD10, maior o nível de dor (p = 0,02). Não foi observada correlação entre a expressão dos marcadores CD10, CK7 e S100 com a idade e duração dos sintomas. CONCLUSãO: Mulheres com endometriose profunda apresentam associação positiva entre o nível de dor e o componente de fibrose na composição histológica do tecido endometrial.

Correlation between Anatomopathological Aspects and Pelvic Pain in Women with Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis / Correlação entre aspectos anatomopatológicos e dor pélvica em mulheres com endometriose profunda

Abstract Objective To correlate the morphological aspects with pelvic pain in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis. Methods A retrospective study with 67 women with deep endometriosis who underwent surgical treatment in a tertiary hospital from 2007 to 2017. The following variables were considered: age, parity, body mass index, site of involvement, hormonal treatment before surgery, pelvic pain, and morphometric analysis. The histological slides of the surgical specimens were revised and, using the ImageJ software for morphometric study, the percentages of stromal/glandular tissues were calculated in the histological sections. Results The mean age of the women was 38.9 ± 6.5 years. The mean pain score was 8.8 ± 1.9 and the mean time of symptomatology was 4.7 ± 3.5 years, with 87% of the patients undergoing hormone treatment prior to surgery. The average expression of CD10, CK7, and S100 markers was 19.5 ± 11.8%, 9.4 ± 5.9%, and 7.9 ± 5.8% respectively. It was found that the greater the expression of CD10, the greater the level of pain (p = 0.02). No correlation was observed between the expression of CD10, CK7, and S100 markers and age and duration of symptoms. Conclusion Women with deep infiltrating endometriosis have a positive association between the level of pain and the fibrosis component in the endometrial tissue's histological composition.

Resumo Objetivo Correlacionar os aspectos morfológicos com a dor pélvica em mulheres com endometriose profunda. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com 67 mulheres com endometriose profunda submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico em hospital terciário de 2007 a 2017. As seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: idade, paridade, índice de massa corporal, local do acometimento, tratamento hormonal antes da cirurgia, dor pélvica e análise morfométrica. As lâminas histológicas das peças cirúrgicas foram revisadas e, por meio do software ImageJ para estudo morfométrico, foram calculadas as porcentagens de tecidos estromais/glandulares nos cortes histológicos. Resultados A média etária das mulheres foi de 38,9 ± 6,5 anos. O escore de dor médio foi de 8,8 ± 1,9 e o tempo médio de sintomatologia foi de 4,7 ± 3,5 anos, sendo que 87% das pacientes realizavam tratamento hormonal antes da cirurgia. A expressão média dos marcadores CD10, CK7 e S100 foi de 19,5 ± 11,8%, 9,4 ± 5,9% e 7,9 ± 5,8%, respectivamente. Verificou-se que quanto maior a expressão de CD10, maior o nível de dor (p = 0,02). Não foi observada correlação entre a expressão dos marcadores CD10, CK7 e S100 com a idade e duração dos sintomas. Conclusão Mulheres com endometriose profunda apresentam associação positiva entre o nível de dor e o componente de fibrose na composição histológica do tecido endometrial.

Sexual function according to infiltration of endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to associate the degree of infiltration of rectovaginal septum endometriosis with dyspareunia and sexual function. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 127 women followed up at a tertiary hospital from March 2021 to March 2022. The women's sociodemographic and clinical conditions and dyspareunia were evaluated. The sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index. RESULTS: A total of 53 women with type I, 37 with type II, and 37 with type III rectovaginal septum endometriosis were evaluated. The women had a mean age of 38.76±6.63 years and a mean body mass index of 27.62±5.11 kg/m2. The mean time of diagnosis of endometriosis was 6.94±4.98 years. On average, the study participants engaged in sexual activity/intercourse 1.88±1.25 times per week. There was no difference between the dyspareunia score (p=0.822) and sexual function (p=0.174) according to the types of rectovaginal septum endometriosis. Overall, 93.7% of the women with endometriosis had sexual dysfunction. There was no correlation between the degree of rectovaginal septum endometriosis infiltration with dyspareunia (r=0.05; p=0.55) or sexual function (r=0.07; p=0.39). CONCLUSION: Women with endometriosis have impaired sexual function, regardless of the degree of endometriosis infiltration.

Sexual function according to infiltration of endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum: a cross-sectional study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to associate the degree of infiltration of rectovaginal septum endometriosis with dyspareunia and sexual function. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 127 women followed up at a tertiary hospital from March 2021 to March 2022. The women's sociodemographic and clinical conditions and dyspareunia were evaluated. The sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index. RESULTS: A total of 53 women with type I, 37 with type II, and 37 with type III rectovaginal septum endometriosis were evaluated. The women had a mean age of 38.76±6.63 years and a mean body mass index of 27.62±5.11 kg/m2. The mean time of diagnosis of endometriosis was 6.94±4.98 years. On average, the study participants engaged in sexual activity/intercourse 1.88±1.25 times per week. There was no difference between the dyspareunia score (p=0.822) and sexual function (p=0.174) according to the types of rectovaginal septum endometriosis. Overall, 93.7% of the women with endometriosis had sexual dysfunction. There was no correlation between the degree of rectovaginal septum endometriosis infiltration with dyspareunia (r=0.05; p=0.55) or sexual function (r=0.07; p=0.39). CONCLUSION: Women with endometriosis have impaired sexual function, regardless of the degree of endometriosis infiltration.

Evaluation of Bowel Function of Women with Colorectal Endometriosis: a Cross-Sectional Study.

The objective was to evaluate bowel function in women with colorectal endometriosis according to treatment type. Cross-sectional study, carried out with 141 women with endometriosis, followed by the University of Campinas from May 2020 to April 2021. Women were divided into 3 groups according to the kind of treatment: 16 women with conservative surgery, 35 women with radical surgery treatment, and 90 women with clinical treatment. The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of these women were evaluated. To access bowel outcome, we used the following questionnaires: the Bristol Stool Scale, the Bowel Function in the Community, the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI), and the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20). The mean treatment time was 32.24 ± 29.37 months. The women of the three groups had similar gastrointestinal quality of life index scores (p = 0.27) and pelvic floor distress inventory scores (p = 0.23). Women in the radical surgery group had a higher frequency of evacuatory effort and change in posture to evacuate (p = 0.01 and 0.009, respectively) than did those in the other groups. Women with constipation had worse quality of life and more pain than those without constipation. In conclusion, women with endometriosis treated with radical surgery (segmental resection) had a higher frequency of constipation. In addition, women with endometriosis and constipation had a worse quality of life and higher pain scores compared to those without constipation.

DOES BOWEL FUNCTION IMPACTS ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND SEXUAL FUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH DEEP INFILTRATING ENDOMETRIOSIS ACCORDING KIND OF TREATMENT?

•Women with intestinal endometriosis may have impaired quality of life and altered bowel habits. Intestinal endometriosis can be treated medically or surgically. The bowel function of these women is directly correlated with sexual function and quality of life, regardless of the type of treatment. Background - Women with intestinal endometriosis may have a higher incidence of constipation, which may influence their quality of life. Objective - To correlate bowel function with sexual function and quality of life in women with deep endometriosis according to the type of treatment. Methods - Cross-sectional study carried out with 141 women with bowel endometriosis from May 2020 to April 2021. Women were divided into two groups according to kind of treatment: 51 women with surgery treatment and 90 women with medical treatment. The Endometriosis Health Profile Questionnaire were used to assess quality of life e Female Sexual Function Index were used to assess sexual function. To access bowel function we used the following questionnaires: Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory. Results - The mean age of women in the surgical group (37.98±5.91years) was higher than that of the medical group (35.68±5.45years) (P=0.006). There was no statistically significant difference between pain symptoms (P=0.905), water intake (P=0.573) or fiber (P=0.173) and physical activity (P=0.792) in both groups. There was no difference between quality of life and sexual function in both groups. There was a direct correlation of bowel function with quality of life and sexual function in both groups. Conclusion: Bowel function is directly correlated with sexual function and quality of life, regardless of the type of treatment.

Nurse support for pain and anxiety control in women undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse support for controlling pain and anxiety in women undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial included 192 women who underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy at an academic hospital. Women were divided into two groups: those who received nurse support (n = 95) as the intervention group and those who did not (n = 97) as the control group. RESULTS: The mean age of women was 54.24 ± 13.91 years and 53.47 ± 13.24 years ( P = 0.670) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. There were no differences in clinical and sociodemographic variables between the groups. The mean pain score during examination was 6.62 ± 2.60 and 7.05 ± 2.30 ( P = 0.327) for the intervention and control groups, respectively. Most women in both groups were satisfied with the examination ( P = 0.777). There was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and heart rate during the examination in the intervention group ( P = 0.029 and P < 0.001, respectively) and an increase in anxiety scores in the control group ( P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: There was no reduction in pain scores during hysteroscopy with nurse support. However, the control group showed an increase in anxiety scores after the hysteroscopy.

Função intestinal impacta na qualidade de vida e na função sexual de mulheres com endometriose profunda de acordo com o tipo de tratamento? / Does bowel function impacts on quality of life and sexual function in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis according kind of treatment?

ABSTRACT Background: Women with intestinal endometriosis may have a higher incidence of constipation, which may influence their quality of life. Objective: To correlate bowel function with sexual function and quality of life in women with deep endometriosis according to the type of treatment. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 141 women with bowel endometriosis from May 2020 to April 2021. Women were divided into two groups according to kind of treatment: 51 women with surgery treatment and 90 women with medical treatment. The Endometriosis Health Profile Questionnaire were used to assess quality of life e Female Sexual Function Index were used to assess sexual function. To access bowel function we used the following questionnaires: Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory. Results: The mean age of women in the surgical group (37.98±5.91years) was higher than that of the medical group (35.68±5.45years) (P=0.006). There was no statistically significant difference between pain symptoms (P=0.905), water intake (P=0.573) or fiber (P=0.173) and physical activity (P=0.792) in both groups. There was no difference between quality of life and sexual function in both groups. There was a direct correlation of bowel function with quality of life and sexual function in both groups. Conclusion: Bowel function is directly correlated with sexual function and quality of life, regardless of the type of treatment.

RESUMO Contexto: Mulheres com endometriose intestinal podem apresentar maior incidência de constipação o que influencia na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Correlacionar a função intestinal com a função sexual e qualidade de vida de mulheres com endometriose profunda de acordo com o tipo de tratamento. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 141 mulheres com endometriose intestinal no período de maio de 2020 a abril de 2021. As mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o tipo de tratamento: 51 mulheres com tratamento cirúrgico e 90 mulheres com tratamento médico. O Questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Endometriose foi utilizado para avaliar a qualidade de vida e o Índice de Função Sexual Feminina foi utilizado para avaliar a função sexual. Para avaliar a função intestinal foram utilizados os seguintes questionários: Índice de Qualidade de Vida Gastrointestinal e Inventário de Estresse do Assoalho Pélvico. Resultados: A média de idade das mulheres do grupo cirúrgico (37,98±5,91 anos) foi maior que a do grupo médico (35,68±5,45 anos) (P=0,006). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre sintomas de dor (P=0,905), ingestão de água (P=0,573) ou fibra (P=0,173) e atividade física (P=0,792) em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença entre qualidade de vida e função sexual em ambos os grupos. Houve uma correlação direta da função intestinal com qualidade de vida e função sexual em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: A função intestinal está diretamente correlacionada com a função sexual e qualidade de vida, independentemente do tipo de tratamento.

Ultrasound Elastography for the Diagnosis of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

Elastography is capable of measuring tissue mechanical properties and elasticity. It is used to help diagnose various diseases, although its use in pelvic endometriosis remains to be established. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess transvaginal ultrasound elastography for the diagnosis of different manifestations of endometriosis and adenomyosis. PRISMA guidelines were used for a Medline, PubMed, Embase, BVS/Bireme, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Escudos database search. Studies indexed until March 2021 that evaluated elastography compared with histopathological results (gold standard), ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis and adenomyosis were eligible. The Rayyan platform was used to select studies. Sensitivity (S), specificity (Ps), positive and negative predictive values and receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated for elastographic diagnosis of endometriosis. A meta-analysis using Review Manager 5 and Open Meta Analyst was performed. Bias risk in the studies was analyzed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 tool. This systematic review was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database: CRD42021244555. Among the 163 identified citations, 10 studies were eligible for review (5 for diagnosis of adenomyosis, 2 for endometrioma, 3 for deep intestinal endometriosis and rectovaginal septum [deep pelvic endometriosis], N = 744 women). In deep pelvic endometriosis, lesions diagnosed by elastography were found to correlate with histopathology results. Increased "stiffness" (elastography) was associated with a higher fibrotic component, with S = 78%-100% and Ps = 100%, according to the authors. On elastography, endometriomas were stiffer than hemorrhagic cysts (S = 82%, Ps = 79%) and malignant tumors (S = 86%, Ps = 100%). For these lesions, a meta-analysis could not be performed because the small number of studies and insufficient data. In adenomyosis, meta-analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that elastography had good sensitivity and specificity. Studies indicated a low bias risk by QUADAS-2. Elastography had high sensitivity and specificity for deep pelvic endometriosis diagnosis, and its findings correlated with histopathology results. For adenomyosis, the meta-analysis confirmed the sensitivity and specificity results of the studies. Given these results, elastography may be a promising imaging test, contributing to non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis and adenomyosis.

Experience of a Tertiary Service in the Treatment of Women with Cervical Pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Cervical pregnancy is challenging for the medical community, as it is potentially fatal. The treatment can be medical or surgical; however, there are no protocols that establish the best option for each case. The objective of the present study was to describe the cases of cervical pregnancy admitted to a tertiary university hospital over a period of 18 years. METHODS: A retrospective study based on a review of the medical records of all cervical pregnancies admitted to the Women's Hospital at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southeastern Brazil, from 2000 to 2018. RESULTS: We identified 13 cases of cervical pregnancy out of a total of 673 ectopic pregnancies; only 1 case was initially treated with surgery because of hemodynamic instability. Of the 12 cases treated conservatively, 7 were treated with single-dose intramuscular methotrexate, 1, with intravenous and intramuscular methotrexate, 1, with intravenous methotrexate, 1, with 2 doses of intramuscular methotrexate, and 2, with intra-amniotic methotrexate. Of these cases, one had a therapeutic failure that required a hysterectomy. Two women received blood transfusions. Four women required cervical tamponade with a Foley catheter balloon for hemostasis. There was no fatal outcome. CONCLUSION: Cervical pregnancy is a rare and challenging condition from diagnosis to treatment. Conservative treatment was the primary method of therapy used, with satisfactory results. In cases of increased bleeding, cervical curettage was the initial treatment, and it was associated with the use of a cervical balloon for hemostasis.

OBJETIVO: A gravidez ectópica cervical é um desafio para a comunidade médica, pois pode ser fatal. O tratamento pode ser clínico ou cirúrgico, mas não existem protocolos que estabeleçam a melhor opção para cada caso. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os casos de gravidez ectópica cervical internados em um hospital universitário terciário durante 18 anos. MéTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com revisão de prontuários de todas as gestações ectópicas cervicais internadas no Hospital da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas de 2000 a 2018. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados treze casos de gestação ectópica cervical em um total de 673 gestações ectópicas; apenas 1 caso foi inicialmente tratado com cirurgia por causa de instabilidade hemodinâmica. Dos 12 casos tratados conservadoramente, 7 foram tratados com metotrexato por via intramuscular em dose única, 1, com metotrexato pelas vias intravenosa e intramuscular, 1, com metotrexato por via intravenosa, 1, com 2 doses de metotrexato por via intramuscular, e 2, com metotrexato por via intra-amniótica. Desses casos, um apresentou falha terapêutica, e realizou-se uma histerectomia. Duas mulheres receberam transfusões de sangue. Quatro mulheres necessitaram de tamponamento cervical com cateter balão de Foley para hemostasia. Não houve casos fatais. CONCLUSãO: A gravidez cervical é uma condição rara e desafiadora desde o diagnóstico até o tratamento. O tratamento conservador foi o principal método terapêutico utilizado, com resultados satisfatórios. Nos casos de sangramento aumentado, a curetagem cervical foi o tratamento inicial, e foi associada ao uso de balão cervical para hemostasia.

Experience of a Tertiary Service in the Treatment of Women with Cervical Pregnancy / Experiência de um serviço terciário no tratamento de mulheres com gravidez ectópica cervical

Abstract Objective Cervical pregnancy is challenging for the medical community, as it is potentially fatal. The treatment can be medical or surgical; however, there are no protocols that establish the best option for each case. The objective of the present study was to describe the cases of cervical pregnancy admitted to a tertiary university hospital over a period of 18 years. Methods A retrospective study based on a review of the medical records of all cervical pregnancies admitted to the Women's Hospital at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southeastern Brazil, from 2000 to 2018. Results We identified 13 cases of cervical pregnancy out of a total of 673 ectopic pregnancies; only 1 case was initially treated with surgery because of hemodynamic instability. Of the 12 cases treated conservatively, 7 were treated with single-dose intramuscular methotrexate, 1, with intravenous and intramuscular methotrexate, 1, with intravenous methotrexate, 1, with 2 doses of intramuscular methotrexate, and 2, with intra-amniotic methotrexate. Of these cases, one had a therapeutic failure that required a hysterectomy. Two women received blood transfusions. Four women required cervical tamponade with a Foley catheter balloon for hemostasis. There was no fatal outcome. Conclusion Cervical pregnancy is a rare and challenging condition from diagnosis to treatment. Conservative treatment was the primary method of therapy used, with satisfactory results. In cases of increased bleeding, cervical curettage was the initial treatment, and it was associated with the use of a cervical balloon for hemostasis.

Resumo Objetivo A gravidez ectópica cervical é um desafio para a comunidade médica, pois pode ser fatal. O tratamento pode ser clínico ou cirúrgico, mas não existem protocolos que estabeleçam a melhor opção para cada caso. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os casos de gravidez ectópica cervical internados em um hospital universitário terciário durante 18 anos. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com revisão de prontuários de todas as gestações ectópicas cervicais internadas no Hospital da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas de 2000 a 2018. Resultados Foram identificados treze casos de gestação ectópica cervical em um total de 673 gestações ectópicas; apenas 1 caso foi inicialmente tratado com cirurgia por causa de instabilidade hemodinâmica. Dos 12 casos tratados conservadoramente, 7 foram tratados com metotrexato por via intramuscular em dose única, 1, com metotrexato pelas vias intravenosa e intramuscular, 1, com metotrexato por via intravenosa, 1, com 2 doses de metotrexato por via intramuscular, e 2, com metotrexato por via intra-amniótica. Desses casos, um apresentou falha terapêutica, e realizou-se uma histerectomia. Duas mulheres receberam transfusões de sangue. Quatro mulheres necessitaram de tamponamento cervical com cateter balão de Foley para hemostasia. Não houve casos fatais. Conclusão A gravidez cervical é uma condição rara e desafiadora desde o diagnóstico até o tratamento. O tratamento conservador foi o principal método terapêutico utilizado, com resultados satisfatórios. Nos casos de sangramento aumentado, a curetagem cervical foi o tratamento inicial, e foi associada ao uso de balão cervical para hemostasia.

Effect of Surgical Treatment for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis on Pelvic Floor Disorders: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis / Efeito do tratamento cirúrgico para endometriose infiltrante profunda nas disfunções do assoalho pélvico: Uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the impact of surgical treatment of deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) on pelvic floor dysfunction (urinary incontinence [UI], pelvic organ prolapse [POP], fecal incontinence [FI)] or constipation, and sexual function [dyspareunia]). Data Source The present systematic review was performed in the PubMed database. For the selection of studies, articles should be published by January 5, 2021, without language restriction. Study Selection Six randomized controlled studies that evaluated surgical treatment for DIE and the comparison of different surgical techniques were included. Data Collection The studies were selected independently by title and abstract by two authors. Disagreements were resolved by a third author. All included studies were also evaluated according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the quality of the evidence was analyzed using the GRADE criteria. Subgroup analysis by different treatments and follow-up periods was also performed. Results Six studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The risk of bias between studies showed an uncertain risk of bias for most studies, with concealment of allocation being the least reported category. The quality of the evidence was considered low. High heterogeneity was found between the studies. No study has evaluated UI or POP comparatively before and after surgery. Conclusion Dyspareunia and FI have improved after the surgical procedure, but it was not possible to demonstratewhich surgical technique was related to these outcomes as there was surgical heterogeneity. This diversity was found across data, with the recommendation of future prospective studies addressing pelvic floor disorders withDIE.

Resumo Objetivos Avaliar o impacto do tratamento cirúrgico para endometriose infiltrante profunda (EIP) nas disfunções do assoalho pélvico (incontinência urinária [IU], prolapso de órgãos pélvicos [POP], incontinência fecal [IF] ou constipação e função sexual [dispareunia]). Fonte de Dados A presente revisão sistemática foi realizada na base de dados PubMed. Para a seleção dos estudos, os artigos deveriam ser publicados até 5 de janeiro de 2021, sem restrição de idioma. Seleção dos Estudos Foram incluídos seis estudos randomizados e controlados que avaliaram o tratamento cirúrgico para EIP e a comparação de diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas. Coleta de Dados Os estudos foram selecionados de forma independente por título e resumo por dois autores. As discordâncias foram avaliadas por umterceiro autor. Todos os estudos incluídos foram avaliados de acordo coma ferramenta Cochrane de risco de viés e a qualidade de evidência foi analisada usando os critérios GRADE. A análise de subgrupo por diferentes tratamentos e períodos de acompanhamento também foi realizada. Resultados Seis estudos foram incluídos na análise quantitativa. O risco de viés mostrou um risco incerto de viés para a maioria dos estudos, sendo a ocultação da alocação a categoria menos relatada. A qualidade de evidência foi considerada baixa. Alta heterogeneidade foi encontrada entre os estudos. Nenhum estudo avaliou a IU ou o POP comparativamente antes e após a cirurgia. Conclusão A dispareunia e a IF melhoraram após o procedimento cirúrgico, mas não foi possível demonstrar qual técnica cirúrgica esteve relacionada a estes desfechos, pois houve heterogeneidade cirúrgica. Esta diversidade foi encontrada nos dados, com a recomendação de estudos prospectivos futuros abordando distúrbios do assoalho pélvico com EIP.

Use of Triggers on in vitro Fertilization and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Sub-Optimal Maturation Rate / Uso de gatilhos na fertilização in vitro e avaliação dos fatores de risco para taxa de maturação subótima

Abstract Objective To compare the oocyte maturation rate in the treatment of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in terms of the use of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), agonist gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and dual trigger and to evaluate the associated risk factors for sub-optimal maturation rates. Methods A retrospective cohort study with 856 women who underwent IVF. They performed oocyte retrieval and were classified into 3 groups (1 - hCG, 2 - GnRHagonist, 3 - dual trigger). The primary outcome was maturation rate per trigger, and the secondary outcomes were the pregnancy rate per oocyte retrieval and the correlations between low maturation rate as well as the clinical and treatment characteristics of women. Results The maturation rate was 77% in group 1; 76% in group 2, and 83% in group 3 (p=0.003). Group 2 showed women with better ovarian reserve, greater number of oocytes collected, and more mature oocytes and embryos compared with the other groups (p<0.001). The cumulative clinical pregnancy rate was no different between the groups (p=0.755). Low ovarian reserve and low doses of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) administered during the stimulus were associated with a higher chance of null maturation rate. Conclusion The oocyte maturation rates and IVF results were similar in all groups. Low ovarian reserve is associated with the worst treatment results.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a taxa de maturação oocitária no tratamento de fertilização in vitro (FIV) emrelação so o uso de gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG), agonista de hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH), e gatilho duplo e avaliar os fatores de risco associados a taxas de maturação subótimas. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 856 mulheres submetidas à FIV. Elas foram classificadas em 3 grupos (1 - hCG, 2 - GnRH agonista, 3 - gatilho duplo). O desfecho primário foi a taxa de maturação por gatilho, e os desfechos secundários foram a taxa de gravidez por recuperação de oócitos e as correlações entre a baixa taxa de maturação bem como as características clínicas e do tratamento das mulheres. Resultados A taxa de maturação foi de 77% no grupo 1; 76% no grupo 2, e 83% no grupo 3 (p=0,003). O grupo 2 apresentou mulheres com melhor reserva ovariana, maior número de oócitos coletados, oócitosmaduros, e embriões, emcomparação aos demais grupos (p<0,001). A taxa cumulativa de gravidez clínica não foi diferente entre os grupos (p=0,755). Baixa reserva ovariana e baixas doses de hormônio folículoestimulante (FSH) administradas durante o estímulo foram associadas a uma maior chance de taxa de maturação nula. Conclusão As taxas de maturação oocitárias e os resultados de FIV foram semelhantes em todos os grupos. A baixa reserva ovariana está associada aos piores resultados do tratamento.

Use of Triggers on in vitro Fertilization and Evaluation of Risk Factors for Sub-Optimal Maturation Rate.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the oocyte maturation rate in the treatment of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in terms of the use of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), agonist gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and dual trigger and to evaluate the associated risk factors for sub-optimal maturation rates. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with 856 women who underwent IVF. They performed oocyte retrieval and were classified into 3 groups (1 - hCG, 2 - GnRH agonist, 3 - dual trigger). The primary outcome was maturation rate per trigger, and the secondary outcomes were the pregnancy rate per oocyte retrieval and the correlations between low maturation rate as well as the clinical and treatment characteristics of women. RESULTS: The maturation rate was 77% in group 1; 76% in group 2, and 83% in group 3 (p = 0.003). Group 2 showed women with better ovarian reserve, greater number of oocytes collected, and more mature oocytes and embryos compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). The cumulative clinical pregnancy rate was no different between the groups (p = 0.755). Low ovarian reserve and low doses of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) administered during the stimulus were associated with a higher chance of null maturation rate. CONCLUSION: The oocyte maturation rates and IVF results were similar in all groups. Low ovarian reserve is associated with the worst treatment results.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a taxa de maturação oocitária no tratamento de fertilização in vitro (FIV) em relação so o uso de gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG), agonista de hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH), e gatilho duplo e avaliar os fatores de risco associados a taxas de maturação subótimas. MéTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 856 mulheres submetidas à FIV. Elas foram classificadas em 3 grupos (1 - hCG, 2 - GnRH agonista, 3 - gatilho duplo). O desfecho primário foi a taxa de maturação por gatilho, e os desfechos secundários foram a taxa de gravidez por recuperação de oócitos e as correlações entre a baixa taxa de maturação bem como as características clínicas e do tratamento das mulheres. RESULTADOS: A taxa de maturação foi de 77% no grupo 1; 76% no grupo 2, e 83% no grupo 3 (p = 0,003). O grupo 2 apresentou mulheres com melhor reserva ovariana, maior número de oócitos coletados, oócitos maduros, e embriões, em comparação aos demais grupos (p < 0,001). A taxa cumulativa de gravidez clínica não foi diferente entre os grupos (p = 0,755). Baixa reserva ovariana e baixas doses de hormônio folículo-estimulante (FSH) administradas durante o estímulo foram associadas a uma maior chance de taxa de maturação nula. CONCLUSãO: As taxas de maturação oocitárias e os resultados de FIV foram semelhantes em todos os grupos. A baixa reserva ovariana está associada aos piores resultados do tratamento.

Effect of Surgical Treatment for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis on Pelvic Floor Disorders: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of surgical treatment of deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) on pelvic floor dysfunction (urinary incontinence [UI], pelvic organ prolapse [POP], fecal incontinence [FI)] or constipation, and sexual function [dyspareunia]). DATA SOURCE: The present systematic review was performed in the PubMed database. For the selection of studies, articles should be published by January 5, 2021, without language restriction. STUDY SELECTION: Six randomized controlled studies that evaluated surgical treatment for DIE and the comparison of different surgical techniques were included. DATA COLLECTION: The studies were selected independently by title and abstract by two authors. Disagreements were resolved by a third author. All included studies were also evaluated according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the quality of the evidence was analyzed using the GRADE criteria. Subgroup analysis by different treatments and follow-up periods was also performed. RESULTS: Six studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The risk of bias between studies showed an uncertain risk of bias for most studies, with concealment of allocation being the least reported category. The quality of the evidence was considered low. High heterogeneity was found between the studies. No study has evaluated UI or POP comparatively before and after surgery. CONCLUSION: Dyspareunia and FI have improved after the surgical procedure, but it was not possible to demonstrate which surgical technique was related to these outcomes as there was surgical heterogeneity. This diversity was found across data, with the recommendation of future prospective studies addressing pelvic floor disorders with DIE.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o impacto do tratamento cirúrgico para endometriose infiltrante profunda (EIP) nas disfunções do assoalho pélvico (incontinência urinária [IU], prolapso de órgãos pélvicos [POP], incontinência fecal [IF] ou constipação e função sexual [dispareunia]). FONTE DE DADOS: A presente revisão sistemática foi realizada na base de dados PubMed. Para a seleção dos estudos, os artigos deveriam ser publicados até 5 de janeiro de 2021, sem restrição de idioma. SELEçãO DOS ESTUDOS: Foram incluídos seis estudos randomizados e controlados que avaliaram o tratamento cirúrgico para EIP e a comparação de diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas. COLETA DE DADOS: Os estudos foram selecionados de forma independente por título e resumo por dois autores. As discordâncias foram avaliadas por um terceiro autor. Todos os estudos incluídos foram avaliados de acordo com a ferramenta Cochrane de risco de viés e a qualidade de evidência foi analisada usando os critérios GRADE. A análise de subgrupo por diferentes tratamentos e períodos de acompanhamento também foi realizada. RESULTADOS: Seis estudos foram incluídos na análise quantitativa. O risco de viés mostrou um risco incerto de viés para a maioria dos estudos, sendo a ocultação da alocação a categoria menos relatada. A qualidade de evidência foi considerada baixa. Alta heterogeneidade foi encontrada entre os estudos. Nenhum estudo avaliou a IU ou o POP comparativamente antes e após a cirurgia. CONCLUSãO: A dispareunia e a IF melhoraram após o procedimento cirúrgico, mas não foi possível demonstrar qual técnica cirúrgica esteve relacionada a estes desfechos, pois houve heterogeneidade cirúrgica. Esta diversidade foi encontrada nos dados, com a recomendação de estudos prospectivos futuros abordando distúrbios do assoalho pélvico com EIP.

Difficulty in Diagnosing of Renal Choriocarcinoma: Case Report / Dificuldade no diagnóstico do coriocarcinoma renal: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Choriocarcinoma is a rare highly malignant tumor. We report a case of 35-year-old woman, with a history of four months menstrual irregularity and human chorionic gonadotropin persistently positive that presented transvaginal ultrasound normal and the computed tomography scan of the chest showed three nodules and abdominal scan evinced a hypervascularized solid nodular lesion on left kidney. An ultrasound-guided biopsy of left kidney was performed with a pathologic diagnosis of renal choriocarcinoma. After chemotherapy the human chorionic gonadotropin was negative and the patient returned to normal menstrual cicles.

RESUMO O coriocarcinoma é um tumor altamente maligno raro. Relatamos um caso de mulher de 35 anos, com história de irregularidade menstrual de quatro meses e gonadotrofina coriônica humana persistentemente positiva que apresentava ultrassonografia transvaginal normal e a tomografia computadorizada de tórax com três nódulos e a abdominal evidenciava um nodular sólido hipervascularizado lesão no rim esquerdo. Uma biópsia guiada por ultrassom do rim esquerdo foi realizada com diagnóstico patológico de coriocarcinoma renal. Após a quimioterapia, a gonadotrofina coriônica humana foi negativa e a paciente retornou aos ciclos menstruais normais.