Unmasking Spatial Heterogeneity in Phytotoxicology Mechanisms Induced by Carbamazepine by Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Multiomics Analyses.

Previous studies have highlighted the toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in plants, yet understanding their spatial distribution within plant tissues and specific toxic effects remains limited. This study investigates the spatial-specific toxic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ), a prevalent PPCP, in plants. Utilizing desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI), CBZ and its transformation products were observed predominantly at the leaf edges, with 2.3-fold higher concentrations than inner regions, which was confirmed by LC-MS. Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses revealed significant differences in gene expression and metabolite levels between the inner and outer leaf regions, emphasizing the spatial location's role in CBZ response. Notably, photosynthesis-related genes were markedly downregulated, and photosynthetic efficiency was reduced at leaf edges. Additionally, elevated oxidative stress at leaf edges was indicated by higher antioxidant enzyme activity, cell membrane impairment, and increased free fatty acids. Given the increased oxidative stress at the leaf margins, the study suggests using in situ Raman spectroscopy for early detection of CBZ-induced damage by monitoring reactive oxygen species levels. These findings provide crucial insights into the spatial toxicological mechanisms of CBZ in plants, forming a basis for future spatial toxicology research of PPCPs.

A stable and visualized fatty acid-based phase transition material constructed by solid-phase molecular self-assembly for thermal management.

Fatty acids are excellent thermal management materials for thermal storage, release and preventing thermal runaway. However, the leakage of fatty acids leads to instability and prevents their application in thermal management. Herein, a stable and visualized fatty acid-based phase transition material P-S/PA was constructed through solid-state molecular self-assembly strategy from polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and palmitic acid (PA). The electrostatic interaction between PDDA and SDBS and hydrophobic interaction between PA and SDBS can prevent PA leakage during phase transition, achieving stability. After 1000 cycles, the changes in the phase transition enthalpy (ΔH M, ΔH C) were less than 1%. The structural similarity also made P-S/PA phase transition visible, and the transmittance changed significantly from 0% to 68% during phase transition. In addition, P-S/PA can be remolded by hot-pressing without performance changes, showing temperature adjustability on varying the fatty acid carbon chain length. Thus, the stable and visualized P-S/PA fatty acid-based phase transition material constructed by solid-phase molecular self-assembly has promising application in thermal management.

Airborne pollen exposure and risk of hospital admission for allergic rhinitis in Beijing: A time-stratified case-crossover study.

BACKGROUND: Airborne pollen is a crucial risk factor in allergic rhinitis (AR). The severity of AR symptoms can vary based on pollen type and concentration. This study aimed to estimate the association between exposure to different pollen types and AR risk. METHODS: We obtained data from patients admitted to the Beijing Tongren Hospital for AR, and data on pollen concentration, meteorological factors, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from 13 districts in Beijing from 2016 to 2019. We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design and calculated odds ratios (ORs) related to the risk of AR associated with a 10 grain/1000 mm2 increase in total pollen concentrations for specific pollen types. A stratified analysis was conducted to assess whether the associations were varied by age and sex. RESULTS: The OR of AR associated with a 10 grain/1000 mm2 increase in the 7-day average pollen concentration was 1.014 (95% CI: 1.014, 1.015), 1.076 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.082), 1.024 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.025), 1.042 (95% CI: 1.039, 1.045), 1.142 (95% CI: 1.137, 1.147), 1.092 (95% CI: 1.088, 1.097), 1.046 (95% CI: 1.035, 1.058), and 1.026 (95% CI: 1.024, 1.028) for total pollen, Ulmus, Cupressaceae, Populus, Fraxinus, Pinus, Betula, and Artemisia, respectively. Both tree pollen (Ulmus, Cupressaceae, Populus, Fraxinus, Betula, and Pinus) and weed pollen (Artemisia, Chenopodium, and Humulus) were correlated with an increased risk of AR. These associations remained consistent across distinct subgroups defined by both age and sex. CONCLUSION: Exposure to pollen from trees and weeds might be associated with an increased risk of AR. This research provides valuable scientific support for both clinical practitioners and patients with AR regarding the hazards of pollen exposure.

Glial growth factor 2 treatment alleviates ischemia and reperfusion-damaged integrity of the blood-brain barrier through decreasing Mfsd2a/caveolin-1-mediated transcellular and Pdlim5/YAP/TAZ-mediated paracellular permeability.

The impairment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is the pathological basis of hemorrhage transformation and vasogenic edema following thrombolysis and endovascular therapy. There is no approved drug in the clinic to reduce BBB damage after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Glial growth factor 2 (GGF2), a recombinant version of neuregulin-1ß that can stimulates glial cell proliferation and differentiation, has been shown to alleviate free radical release from activated microglial cells. We previously found that activated microglia and proinflammatory factors could disrupt BBB after AIS. In this study we investigated the effects of GGF2 on AIS-induced BBB damage as well as the underlying mechanisms. Mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established: mice received a 90-min ischemia and 22.5 h reperfusion (I/R), and were treated with GGF2 (2.5, 12.5, 50 ng/kg, i.v.) before the reperfusion. We showed that GGF2 treatment dose-dependently decreased I/R-induced BBB damage detected by Evans blue (EB) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) leakage, and tight junction protein occludin degradation. In addition, we found that GGF2 dose-dependently reversed AIS-induced upregulation of vesicular transcytosis increase, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) as well as downregulation of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a (Mfsd2a). Moreover, GGF2 decreased I/R-induced upregulation of PDZ and LIM domain protein 5 (Pdlim5), an adaptor protein that played an important role in BBB damage after AIS. In addition, GGF2 significantly alleviated I/R-induced reduction of YAP and TAZ, microglial cell activation and upregulation of inflammatory factors. Together, these results demonstrate that GGF2 treatment alleviates the I/R-compromised integrity of BBB by inhibiting Mfsd2a/Cav-1-mediated transcellular permeability and Pdlim5/YAP/TAZ-mediated paracellular permeability.

A Highly Sustainable Supramolecular Bioplastic Film with Superior Hydroplasticity and Biodegradability.

Massive accumulation of postconsumer plastic waste in eco-system has raised growing environmental concerns. Sustainable end-of-life managements of the indispensable plastic are highly demanding and challenging in modern society. To relieve the plastic menace, herein we present a full life cycle sustainable supramolecular bioplastic made from biomass-derived polyelectrolyte (chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, QCS) and natural sodium fatty acid (sodium laurate, SL) through solid-phase molecular self-assembly (SPMSA), by which the QCS-SL complexes, precipitated from mixing the aqueous solutions, self-assemble to form bioplastic film by mildly pressing at room temperature. The QCS-SL bioplastic films display superior hydroplasticity owing to the water-activated molecular rearrangement and electrostatic bond reconstruction, which allows facile self-healing and reprocessing at room temperature to significantly extend the service lifetime of both products and raw materials. With higher water content, the dynamic electrostatic interactions and precipitation-dissolution equilibrium endow the QCS-SL bioplastic films with considerable solubility in water, which is promising to mitigate the plastic accumulation in aquatic environment. Because both QCS and SL are biocompatible and biodegradable, the dissolved QCS-SL films are nontoxic and environmentally friendly. Thus, this novel supramolecular bioplastic is highly sustainable throughout the whole life cycle, which is expected to open a new vista in sustainable plastic materials.

Progress on the role of LIN28A/B in tumor development and progression.

LIN28A and its homolog LIN28B are highly conserved RNA-binding proteins that play important roles in early embryonic development, somatic cell reprogramming, metabolism and tumorigenesis. LIN28A/B are highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors such as breast cancer. They play important roles in the initiation, maintenance, and metastasis of tumors and are associated with poor prognosis. Previous studies have shown that the main regulatory mechanisms of LIN28A/B include let-7s dependent ways and let-7s independent ways, such as directly targeting mRNA. In this review, we summarize the function and molecular regulatory mechanisms of LIN28A/B in malignant tumors such as liver cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, in order to provide references for further exploring the function and mechanism of LIN28A/B and their possible roles in clinical applications.

A 3-year follow-up study of outcomes associated with patterns of traditional acute and preventive migraine treatment: An administrative claims-based cohort study in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To describe treatment patterns and direct healthcare costs over 3 years following initiation of standard of care acute and preventive migraine medications in patients with migraine in the United States. BACKGROUND: There are limited data on long-term (>1 year) migraine treatments patterns and associated outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study using US claims data from the IBM® MarketScan® Research Database (January 2010-December 2017). Adults were included if they had a prescription claim for acute migraine treatments (AMT) or preventive migraine treatments (PMT) in the index period (January 2011-December 2014). The AMT cohort was categorized as persistent, cycled, or added-on subgroups; the PMT cohort was categorized PMT-persistent, switched without gaps, or cycled with gaps. Migraine-specific annual direct costs (2017 US$) across AMT and PMT cohort subgroups were summarized at baseline through 3 years from index (follow-up). RESULTS: During the index period, 20,778 and 42,259 patients initiated an AMT and a PMT, respectively. At the 3-year follow-up, migraine-specific direct costs were lower in the persistent subgroup relative to the non-persistent subgroups in both AMT (mean [SD]: $789 [$1741] vs. $2847 [$8149] in the added-on subgroup and $862 [$5426] for the cycled subgroup) and PMT cohorts (mean [SD]: $1817 [$5892] in the persistent subgroup vs. $4257 [$11,392] in the switched without gaps subgroup and $3269 [$18,540] in the cycled with gaps subgroup). Acute medication overuse was lower in the persistent subgroup (1025/6504 [27.2%]) vs. non-persistent subgroups (11,236/58,863 [32.2%] in cycled with gaps subgroup and 1431/6504 [39.4%] in the switched without gaps subgroup). Most patients used multiple acute (19,717/20,778 [94.9%]) or preventive (38,494/42,259 [91.1%]) pharmacological therapies over 3 years following treatment initiation. Gaps in preventive therapy were common; an average gap ranged from 85 to 211 days (~3-7 months). CONCLUSION: Migraine-specific annual healthcare costs and acute migraine medication overuse remained lowest among patients with persistent AMT and PMT versus non-persistent treatment. Study findings are limited to the US population. Future studies should compare costs and associated outcomes between newer preventive migraine medications in patients with migraine.

Global, regional, and national temporal trend in burden of major depressive disorder from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the global burden of disease study.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Comprehensive description of the global burden of MDD and its attributable risk factors is essential for policymaking but currently lacking. In this study, we aim to estimate the burden of MDD in terms of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs), along with its attributable risk factors at global, regional, and rational level between 1990 and 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. Data analysis was completed on July 1, 2023. In 2019, 274.80 million (95 % uncertainty interval [UI], 241.28 to 312.77) new cases of MDD were identified globally, with an increase of 59 % from 1990. A total of 37.20 million (25.65 to 51.22) YLDs were attributable to MDD, accounting for the largest proportion of mental disorder YLDs (29.7 %). Countries in the low sociodemographic index quantile exhibited the highest age-standardized incidence rate of MDD, with Uganda (7836.2, per 100,000 person-years, 6713.7 to 9181.1) and Palestine (7687.7, 6546.1 to 9023.9) reporting the highest rates among them. The United States had the highest increase in age-standardized rates, with an average annual percent change of 0.99. Females had 1.6 times higher age-standardised rates than males, ranging from 1.2 (Oceania) to 2.2 (tropical Latin America) times across 21 regions. Globally, the proportions of YLDs due to MDD attributable to bullying victimization, childhood sexual abuse, and intimate partner violence were 4.86 %, 5.46 %, and 8.43 % in 2019, respectively. The heavy burden of MDD serves as a stark reminder that a coordinated response from governments and health communities is urgently needed to scale up mental health services and implement effective interventions, particularly in low-income countries.

Cytotoxic glutarimide-containing polyketides isolated from Streptomyces sp. JCM 4793.

Glutarimide-containing polyketides usually exhibit anti-fungi activity, which was well exampled by cycloheximide. In our work, three new polyketide structures, 12-amidestreptimidone (1), 12-carboxylstreptimidone (2) and 3-(5S,8R)-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl-2'-methoxy-2'-oxoethyl)-8,10-dimethyl-7-oxododeca-5-hydroxy-9E,11-diolefin (3) were isolated from Streptomyces sp. JCM 4793. 3 without the glutarimide moiety is not active against fungi as expected, while 1 bearing the amide moiety is much more active than its carboxylic form 2. Here we report the isolation, structural elucidation, antifungal activity, and proposed biosynthesis pathway of 1-3.

Functional role of TrIL-1ß in Takifugu rubripes defense against Cryptocaryon irritans infection.

The Japanese puffer, Takifugu rubripes, is a commercially important fish species in China that is under serious threat from white spot disease (cyptocaryoniasis), which leads to heavy economic losses. We previously found that interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), an important cytokine with a potential role in resistance against pathogens, was one of the most significantly differentially up-regulated proteins in the gills and spleen of T. rubripes infected by the protozoan parasite Cryptocaryon irritans. In this study, we assessed the potential function of T. rubripes IL-1ß (TrIL-1ß) in fish infected with C. irritans. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the TrIL-1ß protein sequence was most closely related to that of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (67.2 %). The incubation experiments revealed that TrIL-1ß may reduce trophont activity by destroying membranes. Immunofluorescence experiments showed that recombinant TrIL-1ß promoted the expression of endogenous IL-1ß, which penetrated and disrupted the cell membranes of trophonts. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the IL-1ß group had less tissue damage compared with control groups of fish. IL-1ß-small interfering RNA and IL-1ß overexpression experiments were performed in head kidney primary cells, and challenge experiments were performed in vitro. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that TrIL-1ß regulated and activated MyD88/NF-κB and MyD88/MAPK/p38 signaling pathways during C. irritans infection. TrIL-1ß also promoted the differential expression of IgM, showing that it was involved in humoral immunity of T. rubripes. The cumulative mortality experiment show that TrIL-1ß could protect fish against C. irritans infection. These results enrich current knowledge about the molecular structure of TrIL-1ß. They also suggested that recombinant TrIL-1ß could be used as an adjuvant in a subunit vaccine against C. irritans infection, which is of profound importance for the prevention and control of parasitic diseases in T. rubripes.

[Microtubule-associated tumor suppressor 1 inhibits hemin-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells via hemeoxygenase 1].

This study aimed to investigate the effects of microtubule associated tumor suppressor 1 (MTUS1) on hemeoxygenase 1 (HMOX1) expression and hemin-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells and its regulatory mechanism. RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to assess altered genes of hemin binding proteins, the expression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2), hemin-induced HMOX1 expression in MTUS1 knockdown human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and the effect of overexpression of CREB and NRF2 on HMOX1 expression in MTUS1 knockdown 293T cells. The effect of MTUS1 or HMOX1 knockdown on hemin-induced apoptosis in HUVEC, and the overexpression of NRF2 on hemin-induced apoptosis in MTUS1 knockdown 293T cells were assayed with CCK8 and Western blot. The results showed that MTUS1 was knocked down significantly in HUVEC by siRNA (P < 0.01), accompanied by decreased HMOX1 expression (P < 0.01). The increased HMOX1 expression induced by hemin was also inhibited by MTUS1 knockdown (P < 0.01). And the apoptosis of HUVEC induced by hemin was amplified by MTUS1 or HMOX1 knockdown (P < 0.01). Moreover the expression of CREB and NRF2 were both inhibited by MTUS1 knockdown in HUVEC (P < 0.01). The decreased HMOX1 regulated by MTUS1 knockdown could be rescued partly by overexpression of NRF2 (P < 0.01), however, not by overexpression of CREB. And the MTUS1 knockdown mediated decreased 293T cells viability induced by hemin could be partly rescued by NRF2 overexpression (P < 0.01). These results suggest that MTUS1 can inhibit hemin-induced apoptosis of HUVEC, and the mechanism maybe related to MTUS1/NRF2/HMOX1 pathway.

The complete chloroplast genome of Lagochilus ilicifolius Bunge ex Bentham, Labiat. Gen. 1834 (Lamiaceae) and its phylogenetic analysis.

Lagochilus ilicifolius Bunge ex Bentham, Labiat. Gen is a perennial herb with much-branched stems native to Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Gansu, N Shaanxi. It can be used clinically as a hemostatic agent. The chloroplast genome length is 151,466 bp. It contained two inverted repeat regions of 25,660 bp each, a large single-copy region of length 82,504 bp, and a small single-copy region of length 17,642 bp. Also, the GC content is 38.6%. There were 133 genes annotated, including 88 known protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Bayesian method for plastome data of 29 species. The entire chloroplast genome of L. ilicifolius within the Lamiaceae is the first to reveal genetic taxonomy at the molecular level, and the new phylogenetic tree data can be used for future evolutionary studies.

Electroacupuncture reduced airway inflammation by activating somatosensory-sympathetic pathways in allergic asthmatic rats.

BACKGROUND: Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment is efficacious in patients with respiratory disorders, although the mechanisms of its action in lung-function protection are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the neuroanatomical mechanisms of EA stimulation at the BL13 acupoint (Feishu, EA-BL13) improvement in asthma. METHODS: Allergic asthma was induced by intranasal 2.0% ovalbumin (OVA) instillation combined with intraperitoneal injection of the 10.0% OVA. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff stain were used to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus secretion. Cellular oncogene fos induction in neurons after EA stimulation was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The mRNA expression levels of adrenergic receptors were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: EA improved airway inflammation and mucus secretion mainly by activating somatosensory-sympathetic pathways (P <0.001). Briefly, the intermediolateral (IML) nuclei of the spinal cord received signals from somatic EA stimulation and then delivered the information via the sympathetic trunk to the lung. Excited sympathetic nerve endings in lung tissue released large amounts of catecholamines that specifically activated the ß2 adrenergic receptor (ß2AR) on T cells (P <0.01) and further decreased the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 (P <0.001) through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: This study provided a new explanation and clinical basis for the use of EA-BL13 as a treatment for allergic asthma in both the attack and remission stages and other respiratory disorders related to airway inflammation.

Inhaled nitric oxide and postoperative outcomes in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cardiac surgeries under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are complex procedures with high incidence of complications, morbidity and mortality. The inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been frequently used as an important composite of perioperative management during cardiac surgery under CPB. We conducted a meta-analysis of published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of iNO on reducing postoperative complications, including the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay, mortality, hemodynamic improvement (the composite right ventricular failure, low cardiac output syndrome, pulmonary arterial pressure, and vasoactive inotropic score) and myocardial injury biomarker (postoperative troponin I levels). Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effect of modification and interaction. These included iNO dosage, the timing and duration of iNO therapy, different populations (children and adults), and comparators (other vasodilators and placebo or standard care). A comprehensive search for iNO and cardiac surgery was performed on online databases. Twenty-seven studies were included after removing the duplicates and irrelevant articles. The results suggested that iNO could reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation, but had no significance in the ICU stay, hospital stay, and mortality. This may be attributed to the small sample size of the most included studies and heterogeneity in timing, dosage and duration of iNO administration. Well-designed, large-scale, multicenter clinical trials are needed to further explore the effect of iNO in improving postoperative prognosis in cardiovascular surgical patients.

DNA Methylation Analysis Reveals Potential Mechanism in Takifugu rubripes Against Cryptocaryon irritans Infection.

Takifugu rubripes (T. rubripes) is a valuable commercial fish, and Cryptocaryon irritans (C. irritans) has a significant impact on its aquaculture productivity. DNA methylation is one of the earliest discovered ways of gene epigenetic modification and also an important form of modification, as well as an essential type of alteration that regulates gene expression, including immune response. To further explore the anti-infection mechanism of T. rubripes in inhibiting this disease, we determined genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the gill of T. rubripes using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and combined with RNA sequence (RNA-seq). A total of 4659 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the gene body and 1546 DMGs in the promoter between the infection and control group were identified. And we identified 2501 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1100 upregulated and 1401 downregulated genes. After enrichment analysis, we identified DMGs and DEGs of immune-related pathways including MAPK, Wnt, ErbB, and VEGF signaling pathways, as well as node genes prkcb, myca, tp53, and map2k2a. Based on the RNA-Seq results, we plotted a network graph to demonstrate the relationship between immune pathways and functional related genes, in addition to gene methylation and expression levels. At the same time, we predicted the CpG island and transcription factor of four immune-related key genes prkcb and mapped the gene structure. These unique discoveries could be helpful in the understanding of C. irritans pathogenesis, and the candidate genes screened may serve as optimum methylation-based biomarkers that can be utilized for the correct diagnosis and therapy T. rubripes in the development of the ability to resist C. irritans infection.

Newborn genetic screening for Fabry disease: Insights from a retrospective analysis in Nanjing, China.

Fabry disease (FD), an X-linked disorder resulting from dysfunction of α-galactosidase A, can result in significant complications. Early intervention yields better outcomes, but misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis is common, impacting prognosis. Thus, early detection is crucial in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of FD. While newborn screening for FD has been implemented in certain regions, challenges persist in enzyme activity detection techniques, particularly for female and late-onset patients. Further exploration of improved screening strategies is warranted. This study retrospectively analyzed genetic screening results for pathogenic GLA variants in 17,171 newborns. The results indicated an estimated incidence of FD in the Nanjing region of China of approximately 1 in 1321. The most prevalent pathogenic variant among potential FD patients was c.640-801G > A (46.15 %). Furthermore, the residual enzyme activity of the pathogenic variant c.911G > C was marginally higher than that of other variants, and suggesting that genetic screening may be more effective in identifying potential female and late-onset patients compared to enzyme activity testing. This research offers initial insights into the effectiveness of GLA genetic screening and serves as a reference for early diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling in FD.

The prevalence and risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most widespread and fatal pulmonary complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Existing knowledge on the prevalence and risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is inconclusive. Therefore, we designed this review to address this gap. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To find relevant observational studies discussing the prevalence and/or risk factors of RA-ILD, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were explored. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) / hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with a fixed/ random effects model. While subgroup analysis, meta-regression analysis and sensitivity analysis were carried out to determine the sources of heterogeneity, the I2 statistic was utilized to assess between-studies heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Egger's test were employed to assess publication bias. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, our review was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 56 studies with 11,851 RA-ILD patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of RA-ILD was 18.7% (95% CI 15.8-21.6) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 96.4%). The prevalence of RA-ILD was found to be more likely as a result of several identified factors, including male sex (ORs = 1.92 95% CI 1.70-2.16), older age (WMDs = 6.89, 95% CI 3.10-10.67), having a smoking history (ORs =1.91, 95% CI 1.48-2.47), pulmonary comorbidities predicted (HRs = 2.08, 95% CI 1.89-2.30), longer RA duration (ORs = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05), older age of RA onset (WMDs =4.46, 95% CI 0.63-8.29), positive RF (HRs = 1.15, 95%CI 0.75-1.77; ORs = 2.11, 95%CI 1.65-2.68), positive ACPA (ORs = 2.11, 95%CI 1.65-2.68), higher ESR (ORs = 1.008, 95%CI 1.002-1.014), moderate and high DAS28 (≥3.2) (ORs = 1.87, 95%CI 1.36-2.58), rheumatoid nodules (ORs = 1.87, 95% CI 1.18-2.98), LEF use (ORs = 1.42, 95%CI 1.08-1.87) and steroid use (HRs= 1.70, 1.13-2.55). The use of biological agents was a protective factor (HRs = 0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.87). CONCLUSION(S): The pooled prevalence of RA-ILD in our study was approximately 18.7%. Furthermore, we identified 13 risk factors for RA-ILD, including male sex, older age, having a smoking history, pulmonary comorbidities, older age of RA onset, longer RA duration, positive RF, positive ACPA, higher ESR, moderate and high DAS28 (≥3.2), rheumatoid nodules, LEF use and steroid use. Additionally, biological agents use was a protective factor.

Utility, benefits, and risks of newborn genetic screening carrier reports for families.

Background: Newborn genetic screening (NBGS) based on next-generation sequencing offers enhanced disease detection and better detection rates than traditional newborn screening. However, challenges remain, especially around reporting the NBGS carrier results. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the NBGS carrier parents' views on NBGS and NBGS reports in China. Methods: We distributed a survey querying demographic information, knowledge and perceptions of NBGS, the impact of NBGS on a total of 2930 parents, and their decision-making to parents of newborns reported as carriers in NBGS in Nanjing, China in 2022. Results: The average age of the survey respondents was 30.7 years (standard deviation = 3.6). Most (68.38%) felt informed about NBGS, especially women, the highly educated, and high earners. Nearly all (98.74%) saw NBGS as crucial for early disease detection, with 73.18% believing it positively impacts their future. However, 19.16% felt it might cause anxiety, especially among the less educated. Concerns included potential discrimination due to exposed genetic data and strained family ties. Many suggested NBGS coverage by medical insurance to ease financial burdens. Conclusions: Through our study, we gained insights into parents' perspectives and concerns regarding the NBGS carrier result reporting, thus providing relevant information for further refinement and clinical promotion of the NBGS project.

The complete chloroplast genome of Pulsatilla chinensis f. alba D. K. Zang (Ranunculaceae, Pulsatilla Miller).

Pulsatilla chinensis f. alba D. K. Zang 1993 is a forma of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel, the root of P. chinensis is traditional Chinese medicine called Pulsatillae radix. The biggest difference between P. chinensis f. alba and P. chinensis is that P. chinensis f. alba sepals is white. The complete chloroplast genome of P. chinensis f. alba was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq platform for the first time. The lengths of the genome, large single-copy (LSC), small single-copy (SSC), two inverted repeats (IRs), and GC content were 163,654 bp, 82,355 bp, 19,069 bp, 31,115 bp, and 37.2%, respectively. It had 134 genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The maximum-likelihood tree indicated that P. chinensis f. alba had a closer relationship with P. chinensis. This study would provide a theoretical basis for the further study of Pulsatilla plants genetics phylogenetic research.