Unveiling the intratumoral microbiota within cancer landscapes.

Recent advances in cancer research have unveiled a significant yet previously underappreciated aspect of oncology: the presence and role of intratumoral microbiota. These microbial residents, encompassing bacteria, fungi, and viruses within tumor tissues, have been found to exert considerable influence on tumor development, progression, and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. This review aims to synthesize these groundbreaking discoveries, providing an integrated overview of the identification, characterization, and functional roles of intratumoral microbiota in cancer biology. We focus on elucidating the complex interactions between these microorganisms and the tumor microenvironment, highlighting their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this review is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the microbial dimension in cancer, paving the way for innovative approaches in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

A novel self-enhanced ECL-RET aptasensor based on the bimetallic MOFs with homogeneous catalytic sites for kanamycin detection.

The inappropriate use of antibiotics undoubtedly poses a potential threat to public health, creating an increasing need to develop highly sensitive tests. In this study, we designed a new type of porphyrin metal-organic frameworks (Fe TCPP(Zn) MOFs) with homogeneous catalytic sites. The ferric-based metal ligands of Fe TCPP(Zn) MOFs acted as co-reaction accelerators, which effectively improved the conversion efficiency of H2O2 on the surface of MOFs, then increased the concentration of •OH surrounding porphyrin molecules to achieve self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Based on this, an aptasensor for the specific detection of kanamycin (KAN) in food and environmental water samples was constructed in combination with resonance energy transform (RET), in which Fe TCPP(Zn) MOFs were used as luminescence donor and AuNPs were used as acceptor. Under the best conditions, there was a good linear relationship between the ECL intensity and the logarithm of KAN concentration with a detection limit of 0.28 fM in the range of 1.0 × 10-7-1.0 × 10-13 M, demonstrating satisfactory selectivity and stability. At the same time, the complexity of the detection environment was reduced, which further realized the reliable analysis of KAN in milk, honey and pond water. Overall, this innovative self-enhanced ECL strategy provides a novel approach for constructing efficient ECL systems in MOFs, and also extends the application of MOFs to the analysis and detection of trace antibiotics in food and the environment.

In-situ construction of In2O3/In2S3-CdIn2S4 Z-scheme heterojunction nanotubes for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Semiconductor photocatalysis was considered as an ideal solution to energy shortages. Herein, a novel ternary In2O3/In2S3-CdIn2S4 (IOSC) nanotube (NTs) photocatalyst was successfully constructed via in situ growth of In2S3 and CdIn2S4 nanosheets onto In2O3 skeleton. It was used for the efficient and stable photo-production of hydrogen from water splitting. The rationally designed IOSC NTs displayed significantly enhanced photocatalytic H2 production under visible light irradiation (≥420 nm), with the highest H2 yield determined to be 2892 µmol·g-1, which is much higher than that of pristine In2S3 and In2O3/In2S3 (IOS) NTs. Cyclic testing has shown that the IOSC2 product remains stable after four cycles of repeated use. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was contributed by its tightly bound tube-nanosheets heterogeneous structure and superior light absorption. Photoelectrons transfer in IOSC2 follows a Z-scheme mechanism, which greatly facilitates its utilization of photogenerated electrons and prevents CdIn2S4 from undergoing photo-corrosion affecting material stability. This work demonstrates the key role of in situ growth in the interface design of ternary heterostructures.

Topological Characteristics of the Pore Network in the Tight Sandstone Using Persistent Homology.

Tight sandstone reservoirs have become important areas for unconventional reservoir development, and their pore network is a key feature for identifying tight sandstone, which affects fluid migration path and reservoir development efficiency. However, the connectivity characteristics of the pore network at different scales have remained unclear owing to the numerous pores and uneven pore shape. Here, using pore size distributions from many hundreds of tight sandstone samples and subsequent topological data analysis, we construct the topological structure of the pore network in the Yanchang Formation tight sandstone of the Ordos Basin in China and visualize the topological characteristics of the pore network with distances. We show that there are three connected groups within the pore structure of the tight sandstone. The topology of the pore network resides on a trident ring manifold, suggesting that the pore network in the tight sandstone encompasses three obvious dominant connection paths. One prominent bar on the H0 dimension in the barcode indicates a two-point connection from nanoscale to microscale in the pore network. Three prominent bars with varying durations on the H1 dimension indicate the presence of three separate multipoint connections within a limited extent in the pore network. Connectivity of combined pores is good and controlled by the topological structure of the pore network. This demonstration of pore connections on a trident ring manifold provides a population-level visualization of the pore network in the tight sandstone.

Microbiota Alterations in Lung, Ileum, and Colon of Guinea Pigs with Cough Variant Asthma.

Alterations in the microbiota composition, or ecological dysbiosis, have been implicated in the development of various diseases, including allergic diseases and asthma. Examining the relationship between microbiota alterations in the host and cough variant asthma (CVA) may facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. To elucidate the diversity and difference of microbiota across three ecological niches, we performed 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing on lung, ileum, and colon samples. We assessed the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in guinea pig bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We applied Spearman's analytical method to evaluate the correlation between microbiota and cytokines. The results demonstrated that the relative abundance, α-diversity, and ß-diversity of the microbial composition of the lung, ileum, and colon varied considerably. The ELISA results indicated a substantial increase in the level of IL-13 and a decreasing trend in the level of IL-12 in the CVA guinea pigs. The Spearman analysis identified a correlation between Mycoplasma, Faecalibaculum, and Ruminococcus and the inflammatory factors in the CVA guinea pigs. Our guinea pig model showed that core microorganisms, such as Mycoplasma in the lung, Faecalibaculum in the ileum, and Ruminococcus in the colon, may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CVA. The most conspicuous changes in the ecological niche were observed in the guinea pig ileum, followed by the lung, while relatively minor changes were observed in the colon. Notably, the microbial structure of the ileum niche approximated that of the colon niche. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that CVA development is closely related to the dysregulation of ileal, lung, and colon microbiota and the ensuing inflammatory changes in the lung.

A natural substitution of a conserved amino acid in eIF4E confers resistance against multiple potyviruses.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which plays a pivotal role in initiating translation in eukaryotic organisms, is often hijacked by the viral genome-linked protein to facilitate the infection of potyviruses. In this study, we found that the naturally occurring amino acid substitution D71G in eIF4E is widely present in potyvirus-resistant watermelon accessions and disrupts the interaction between watermelon eIF4E and viral genome-linked protein of papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain, zucchini yellow mosaic virus or watermelon mosaic virus. Multiple sequence alignment and protein modelling showed that the amino acid residue D71 located in the cap-binding pocket of eIF4E is strictly conserved in many plant species. The mutation D71G in watermelon eIF4E conferred resistance against papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain and zucchini yellow mosaic virus, and the equivalent mutation D55G in tobacco eIF4E conferred resistance to potato virus Y. Therefore, our finding provides a potential precise target for breeding plants resistant to multiple potyviruses.

Potato virus Y viral protein 6K1 inhibits the interaction between defense proteins during virus infection.

14-3-3 proteins play vital roles in plant defense against various pathogen invasions. To date, how 14-3-3 affects virus infections in plants remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that Nicotiana benthamiana 14-3-3h interacts with TRANSLATIONALLY CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN (TCTP), a susceptibility factor of potato virus Y (PVY). Silencing of Nb14-3-3h facilitates PVY accumulation, whereas overexpression of Nb14-3-3h inhibits PVY replication. The antiviral activities of 3 Nb14-3-3h dimerization defective mutants are significantly decreased, indicating that dimerization of Nb14-3-3h is indispensable for restricting PVY infection. Our results also showed that the mutant Nb14-3-3hE16A, which is capable of dimerizing but not interacting with NbTCTP, has reduced anti-PVY activity; the mutant NbTCTPI65A, which is unable to interact with Nb14-3-3h, facilitates PVY replication compared with the wild-type NbTCTP, indicating that dimeric Nb14-3-3h restricts PVY infection by interacting with NbTCTP and preventing its proviral function. As a counter-defense, PVY 6K1 interferes with the interaction between Nb14-3-3h and NbTCTP by competitively binding to Nb14-3-3h and rescues NbTCTP to promote PVY infection. Our results provide insights into the arms race between plants and potyviruses.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signature reveal the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma energy metabolism phenotype and clinical outcome.

BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator activating receptors (PPARs) are important regulators of nuclear hormone receptor function, and they play a key role in biological processes such as lipid metabolism, inflammation and cell proliferation. However, their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is unclear. METHODS: We used multiple datasets, including TCGA-HNSC, GSE41613, GSE139324, PRJEB23709 and IMVigor, to perform a comprehensive analysis of PPAR-related genes in HNSC. Single-cell sequencing data were preprocessed using Seurat packets, and intercellular communication was analyzed using CellChat packets. Functional enrichment analysis of PPAR-related genes was performed using ClusterProfile and GSEA. Prognostic models were constructed using LASSO and Cox regression models, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using human protein mapping (The Human Protein Atlas). RESULTS: Our single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct cell populations in HNSC, with T cells having the most significant transcriptome differences between tumors and normal tissues. The PPAR features were higher in most cell types in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. We identified 17 PPAR-associated differentially expressed genes between tumors and normal tissues. A prognostic model based on seven PPAR-associated genes was constructed with high accuracy in predicting 1, 2 and 3 year survival in patients with HNSC. In addition, patients with a low risk score had a higher immune score and a higher proportion of T cells, CD8+ T cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes. They also showed higher immune checkpoint gene expression, suggesting that they might benefit from immunotherapy. PPAR-related genes were found to be closely related to energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of PPAR related genes in HNSC. The identified PPAR features and constructed prognostic models may serve as potential biomarkers for HNSC prognosis and treatment response. In addition, our study found that PPAR-related genes can differentiate energy metabolism and distinguish energy metabolic heterogeneity in HNSC, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of HNSC progression and therapeutic response.

Mechanisms of total phosphorus removal and reduction of ß-lactam antibiotic resistance genes by exogenous fungal combination activated sludge.

This study utilized Trichoderma and activated sludge to construct combined activated sludge (TAS). The metagenomic approach was employed to examine the shifts in microbial community structure and function of TAS under amoxicillin stress and investigate the mechanism underlying the reduction of ß-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (ß-ARGs). The findings demonstrated that the elevated aundance of glpa, glpd, ugpq, glpq, and glpb were primarily responsible for the reduction in total phosphorus (TP) removal by TAS. The increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia led to enhanced expression of ugpb, phnd, and phne, thereby improving the TP removal of TAS. Furthermore, antibiotic inactivation has gradually become the primary antibiotic resistance mechanism in TAS. Specifically, an increase in the abundance of OXA-309 in TAS will decrease the probability of amoxicillin accumulation in TAS. A decrease in ß-ARGs diversity confirmed this. This study presents a novel approach to reducing antibiotic and ARG accumulation in sludge.

Textile Waste-Derived Cobalt Nanoparticles Embedded in Active Carbon Fiber for Efficient Activation of Peroxymonosulfate to Remove Organic Pollutants.

Burning and dumping textile wastes have caused serious damage to the environment and are a huge waste of resources. In this work, cobalt nanoparticles embedded in active carbon fiber (Co/ACF) were prepared from bio-based fabric wastes, including cotton, flax and viscose. The obtained Co/ACF was applied as a catalyst for the heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from an aqueous solution. The results showed that cotton-, flax- and viscose-derived Co/ACF all exhibited excellent performance for BPA degradation; over ~97.0% of BPA was removed within 8 min. The Co/ACF/PMS system exhibited a wide operating pH range, with a low consumption of the catalyst (0.1 g L-1) and PMS (0.14 g L-1). The high specific surface area (342 m2/g) and mesoporous structure of Co/ACF allowed the efficient adsorption of pollutants as well as provided more accessible active sites for PMS activation. This study provided an example of using textile wastes to produce a valuable and recyclable catalyst for environmental remediation.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of triterpenoids in different tissues of Pulsatilla chinensis.

Pulsatilla chinensis (P.chinensis) is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of intestinal amebiasis diseases, vaginal trichomoniasis and bacterial infections. Tritepenoid saponins were important components of P.chinensis. Therefore, we asssessmented expression profiling of triterpenoids in different fresh tissues of P.chinensis by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS). Firstly, we identified 132 triterpenoids, including 119 triterpenoid saponins, 13 triterpenoid acids and forty seven of them were first determined in Pulsatilla genus, including new aglycones and new ways of rhamnose linking to the aglycone. Secondly, we established the analytical method to analysis triterpenoids content of P.chinensis and comprehensively verified the analytical method by linearity, precision, repeatability, stability and recovery. At last, we quantified 119 triterpenoids simultaneously based on UHPLC-QQQ-MS. The results show that the types and contents of triterpenoids had obvious tissue distribution. New components like rhamnose directly linked to the aglycone mainely distributed in aboveground tissues. Additionally, We identified 15 chemical ingredients as differential components between the aboveground and underground tissues of P.chinensis. This study provides an efficient analysis strategy for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of triterpenoids in P.chinensis even in other traditional Chinese medicines. At the same time, it provides important informations to explain the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoid saponins in P.chinensis.

Oncogenic viruses and host lipid metabolism: a new perspective.

As noncellular organisms, viruses do not have their own metabolism and rely on the metabolism of host cells to provide energy and metabolic substances for their life cycles. Increasing evidence suggests that host cells infected with oncogenic viruses have dramatically altered metabolic requirements and that oncogenic viruses produce substances used for viral replication and virion production by altering host cell metabolism. We focused on the processes by which oncogenic viruses manipulate host lipid metabolism and the lipid metabolism disorders that occur in oncogenic virus-associated diseases. A deeper understanding of viral infections that cause changes in host lipid metabolism could help with the development of new antiviral agents as well as potential new therapeutic targets.

Pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy are involved in infection induced by two clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with different virulence.

Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause widespread infections and is an important factor of hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia. The emergence of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae poses a serious clinical therapeutic challenge and is associated with a high mortality. The goal of this work was to investigate the influence of K. pneumoniae infection on host cells, particularly pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy in the context of host-pathogen interactions to better understand the pathogenic mechanism of K. pneumoniae. Two clinical K. pneumoniae isolates, one classical K. pneumoniae isolate and one hypervirulent K. pneumoniae isolate, were used to infect RAW264.7 cells to establish an in vitro infection model. We first examined the phagocytosis of macrophages infected with K. pneumoniae. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release test, and calcein-AM/PI double staining was conducted to determine the viability of macrophages. The inflammatory response was evaluated by measuring the pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The occurrence of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy was assessed by detecting the mRNA and protein levels of the corresponding biochemical markers. In addition, mouse pneumonia models were constructed by intratracheal instillation of K. pneumoniae for in vivo validation experiments. As for results, hypervirulent K. pneumoniae was much more resistant to macrophage-mediated phagocytosis but caused more severe cellular damage and lung tissues damage compared with classical K. pneumoniae. Moreover, we found increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD associated with pyroptosis in macrophages and lung tissues, and the levels were much higher following hypervirulent K. pneumoniae challenge. Both strains induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo; the higher apoptosis proportion was observed in infection caused by hypervirulent K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, classical K. pneumoniae strongly triggered autophagy, while hypervirulent K. pneumoniae weakly activated this process. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae and may form the foundation for the future design of treatments for K. pneumoniae infection.

Treatment of amoxicillin-containing wastewater by Trichoderma strains selected from activated sludge.

This study screened a Trichoderma strain (Trichoderma pubescens DAOM 166162) from activated sludge to solve the limitation of traditional biological processes in the treatment of amoxicillin (AMO) containing wastewater. The mechanism of the removal of AMO wastewater by T. pubescens DAOM 166162 (TPC) was studied. AMO resulted in a higher protein percentage in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by TPC, which facilitated the removal of AMO from the wastewater. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and excitation-emission matrix were used to characterize EPS produced by metabolizing different carbon sources. It was found that the hydroxyl group was the primary functional group in EPS. The life activity of TPC was the cause of the pH rise. The main pathway of degradation of AMO by TPC was the hydroxyl group uncoupling the lactam ring and the hydrolysis of AMO in an alkaline environment. The removal efficiency of AMO in wastewater by TPC was >98 % (24 h), of which the biodegradation efficiency was 70.01 ± 1.48 %, and the biosorption efficiency was 28.44 ± 2.97 %. In general, TPC is an effective strain for treating wastewater containing AMO. This research provides a new idea for AMO wastewater treatment.

Exploring the mechanism of Cassiae semen in regulating lipid metabolism through network pharmacology and experimental validation.

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have assessed the role of Cassiae semen (CS) in regulating lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism of action of CS on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has seen rare scrutiny. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of CS on lipid metabolism in NAFLD. METHODS: Components of CS ethanol extract (CSEE) were analyzed and identified using UPLC-Q-Orbirap HRMS. The candidate compounds of CS and its relative targets were extracted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology, Swiss-Target-Prediction, and TargetNet web server. The Therapeutic Target Database, Genecards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and DisGeNET were searched for NAFLD targets. Binding affinity between potential core components and key targets was established employing molecular docking simulations. After that, free fatty acid (FFA)-induced HepG2 cells were used to further validate part of the network pharmacology results. RESULTS: Six genes, including Caspase 3 (CASP3), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and amyloid ß (A4) precursor protein (APP) were identified as key targets. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was found to associate closely with CS's effect on NAFLD. Per molecular docking findings, toralactone and quinizarin formed the most stable combinations with hub genes. About 0.1 (vs. FFA, P<0.01) and 0.2 (vs. FFA, P<0.05) mg/ml CSEE decreased lipid accumulation in vitro by reversing the up-regulation of CASP3, EGFR, and APP and the down-regulation of PIK3CA. CONCLUSION: CSEE can significantly reduce intracellular lipid accumulation by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway to decrease CASP3 and EGFR expression.

Modified Dingchuan Decoction treats cough-variant asthma by suppressing lung inflammation and regulating the lung microbiota.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Modified Dingchuan Decoction (MDD) is a Chinese medicine formula containing 11 materials with cough suppression, asthma relief, and anti-inflammatory effects. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MDD on cough-variant asthma (CVA) and to investigate its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chemical constituents of MDD were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). A guinea pig CVA model was established using an intramuscular injection of ovalbumin (OVA), combined with an intraperitoneal injection of aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] and nebulized OVA. At the beginning of day 18, the low, medium, and high MDD groups were gavaged with 7.23 g/kg, 14.46 g/kg, and 28.92 g/kg of MDD, respectively, and the positive group was gavaged with 5 mg/kg of prednisone acetate combined with 1 mg/kg of montelukast sodium; the normal and model groups were given an equal volume of distilled water, once a day for 21 days. The cough was induced by 10-3 mol/L capsaicin solution 1 h after the last administration, and the number of coughs and the latency of coughs were evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) was used to observe pathological changes in the lungs and airways. The concentration of inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We analyzed the lung microbiota using 16 S ribosomal DNA (16 S rDNA) high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS: The 38 chemical components were found in MDD, and MDD reduced the number of coughs in guinea pigs with CVA, prolonged cough latency, improved pathological damage to the lungs and airways, regulated inflammatory factor levels in BALF, and modulated the lung microbiota. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that treating CVA with MDD may be related to inhibiting lung inflammation and regulating lung microbiota.

Systematic Analysis of the Mechanism of Polygoni Multiflori Caulis in Improving Depressive Disorder in Mice via Network Pharmacology Combined with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Depressive disorder (DD) is a common chronic and highly disabling disease. Polygoni Multiflori Caulis (PMC), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been listed in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Here, the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of PMC were explored for the first time. METHODS: We observed the safety of PMC at a 10-fold clinically equivalent dose. Depressed mice were induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and were used to evaluate the antidepressant effects of PMC via the sucrose preference test and the tail suspension test. The composition of PMC was identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer, and the active components, important targets, and potential mechanism of PMC in DD treatment were predicted via network pharmacology. Investigation included active compounds and DD-related targets screening, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation, PMC-compound-target-pathway- DD network construction, and Molecular docking. RESULTS: In the safety evaluation of PMC, no toxic side effects or deaths occurred. There were no significant differences in liver function (ALT, AST, and TP; P > 0.05) and kidney function (BUN, CRE, and UA; P > 0.05) in each group of mice. Compared to the control group, the model group of mice showed significantly decreased sucrose preference and significantly increased immobility time (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the mice in the PMC low, medium, and high dose groups showed a significant decrease in immobility time and a significant increase in sucrose preference. In the PMC-Compound-Target-Pathway-DD network, 54 active compounds, 83 common targets, and 13 major signaling pathways were identified for the treatment of DD. Molecular docking verified that the active compounds could effectively bind with the hub targets. CONCLUSION: PMC is a relatively safe antidepressant herbal medicine with its potential mechanism involving multiple compounds, targets, and pathways.

Effects of oxycodone hydrochloride and dezocine on hemodynamics and levels of inflammatory factors in patients receiving gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia

Abstract We aimed to compare the effects of oxycodone hydrochloride and dezocine on hemodynamics and inflammatory factors in patients receiving gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. A total of 246 patients were divided into group A and B (n=123). Hemorheology indices were recorded 5 min after anesthesia (T0), 1 min after pneumoperitoneum (T1), when position was changed 5 min after pneumoperitoneum (T2), 15 min after pneumoperitoneum (T3), 1 min (T4) and 5 min (T5) after position was restored. Visual analogue scale scores 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation were recorded. Postoperative adverse reactions and visceral pain were observed. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 12 h after operation. Compared with group A, group B had higher heart rate and mean arterial pressure at T2, lower central venous pressure and cardiac output at T1-T3, and higher systemic vascular resistance at T1-T5 (P<0.05). The incidence rate of pain syndrome in group A was lower (P<0.05). Group A had lower tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression levels and higher interleukin-10 level than those of group B (P<0.05). For gynecological laparoscopic surgery, oxycodone preemptive analgesia has superior outcomes to those of dezocine

Fluorine-Free Hydrophobic Modification and Waterproof Breathable Properties of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Membranes.

Waterproof breathable functional membranes have broad application prospects in the field of outdoors textiles. The fluorine-containing microporous membranes of the mainstream functional products easily cause harm to the environment, and thus, the fluorine-free environmental nanofibrous membranes are an important development direction for functional membranes. In this subject, the electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membranes were first hydrophobically modified by amino functional modified polysiloxane (AMP), followed by in situ cross-linking modified with 4, 4'-methyl diphenylene diisocyanate (MDI). The fluorine-free modification by AMP altered the surface of the membranes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and greatly improved the waterproof properties with the hydrostatic pressure reaching to 87.6 kPa. In addition, the formation of bonding points and the in situ preparation of polyuria through the reaction between the isocyanate in MDI and the amino group in AMP, could improve the mechanical properties effectively. When using AMP with the concentration of 1 wt% and MDI with the concentration of 2 wt%, the relatively good comprehensive performance was obtained with good water resistance (93.8 kPa), modest vapor permeability (4.7 kg m-2 d-1) and air permeability (12.7 mm/s). Based on these testing data, the modified nanofibrous membranes had excellent waterproof and breathable properties, which has future potential in outdoor sports apparel.