RATIONALE: Cryptococcosis presenting as endobronchial obstruction and lung collapse is an extremely rare occurrence. While these patients were treated with antifungal agents, unfortunately, half of them showed a suboptimal response. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 45-year-old immunocompetent male was admitted to the hospital due to a cough, yellow phlegm, and dyspnea persisting for 5 months. Chest computer tomography revealed a mass in the right main bronchus accompanied by right lower lobe atelectasis. DIAGNOSES: Endobronchial cryptococcosis presenting as endobronchial obstruction and lung collapse. INTERVENTIONS: Early rigid bronchoscopic therapy was performed to resect endobronchial obstruction, which combined with antifungal agent. OUTCOMES: The patient recovered well with completely clinical and radiologic resolution at 1 year follow-up. LESSONS: This case provides a good example of successful utilization of the early respiratory interventional therapy combined with antifungal agent in obstructive endobronchial cryptococcosis.
Airway Obstruction , Bronchial Diseases , Cryptococcosis , Pulmonary Atelectasis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Cryptococcosis/drug therapy , Bronchi/diagnostic imaging , Bronchi/microbiology , Lung/microbiology , Bronchial Diseases/drug therapy , Bronchial Diseases/complications , Airway Obstruction/etiology
In order to analyze the molecular epidemiology of A (H1N1) influenza virus in 2009, the complete genome sequences of influenza strains from different host sources downloaded from the NCBI were analyzed on genetic evolution by DNAstar software in this research. The results showed that 79 mutation sites of new A (H1N1) influenza virus were observed compared to previous human A (H1N1) influenza strain, including 14 mutation sites new in all A (H1N1) influenza sources and 37 mutation sites only observed in swine strain. A significant difference was represented in antigenic sites between new A (H1N1) influenza strain and the previous human A (H1N1) strain. This phenomenon shows the new A (H1N1) influenza strain is either originated from the recombination of human and swine strain or from the infection in pig populations and gradual mutation to human tansmission, which remains to be further studied.
Evolution, Molecular , Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics , Phylogeny , Animals , Birds , Databases, Nucleic Acid , Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/classification , Humans , Influenza in Birds/virology , Influenza, Human/virology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology , Swine , Swine Diseases/virology
