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In light of increasing concerns about microplastic pollution, it is crucial to understand the biological impacts of biodegradable PHB microplastics on marine organisms. This study included a 96-h exposure experiment to assess acute toxicity at PHB concentrations of 0â¯mg/L, 100â¯mg/L, 500â¯mg/L and 1000â¯mg/L. Additionally, a 60-day feeding trial was conducted with PHB concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0â¯g/kg to evaluate the long-term effects on growth, physiological health and metabolic responses of Litopenaeus vannamei. Results from the exposure experiment indicated that PHB microplastics up to 100â¯mg/L were non-toxic to shrimp. However, the 60-day feeding trial revealed that higher concentrations led to slight reductions in survival rates and growth performance, indicating a concentration-dependent response. Analysis of antioxidant and immune enzymes showed minimal changes across most parameters. However, increases in malondialdehyde content and lysozyme activity at higher PHB levels suggested a stress response. Microbial analysis indicated higher species richness and greater community diversity in the PHB group compared to controls, as evidenced by Chao1, ACE, Shannon and Simpson indices. Linear discriminant analysis revealed that Enterobacteriales and related taxa were more prevalent in the PHB group, while Rhodobacteraceae and associated taxa dominated the control group. Pathway analysis highlighted enhanced signal transduction, cell mobility and metabolic resource reallocation in response to PHB-induced stress. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed significant regulatory changes, especially in lipid metabolism pathways. These findings suggest that while PHB microplastics trigger adaptive metabolic responses in shrimp, they do not cause acute toxicity. Significant variations in intestinal microbiome composition reflect potential shifts in gut health dynamics due to PHB ingestion. This study enhances our understanding of the ecological impacts of microplastics and underscores the necessity for further research into the environmental safety of biodegradable alternatives.
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The unsynchronized growth of the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), which impacts growth efficiency, poses a challenge for aquaculture practitioners. In our study, juvenile stocks of large yellow croaker were sorted by size after being cultured in offshore cages for 4 months. Subsequently, individuals from both the fast-growing (FG) and slow-growing (SG) groups were sampled for analysis. High-throughput RNA-Seq was employed to identify genes and pathways that are differentially expressed during varying growth rates, which could suggest potential physiological mechanisms that influence growth rate. Our transcriptome analysis identified 382 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), comprising 145 upregulated and 237 downregulated genes in comparison to the SG group. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that these DEGs are predominantly involved in signal transduction and biochemical metabolic pathways. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) results demonstrated that cat, fasn, idh1, pgd, fgf19, igf2, and fads2 exhibited higher expression levels, whereas gadd45b and gadd45g showed lower expression compared to the slow-growing group. In conclusion, the differential growth rates of large yellow croaker are intricately associated with cellular proliferation, metabolic rates of the organism, and immune regulation. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory aspects of growth in large yellow croaker and enhance our understanding of growth-related genes.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Profiling , Perciformes , Transcriptome , Animals , Perciformes/genetics , Perciformes/growth & development , Fish Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
In this work, we describe a facile method for generating monodisperse Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes with well-controlled size and fine-tuned Ag shell thicknesses. In this synthesis method, Au nanocubes were prepared via the seed-mediated growth method. Then, Au@Ag nanocubes with the core-shell structure were prepared separately by reducing AgNO3 with AA using as-prepared Au nanocubes as seeds. The thickness of Ag shells could be finely tuned from 3.6 nm to 10.0 nm by varying the concentration of the AgNO3 precursor. By investigating the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of Au@Ag nanocubes in relation to the thickness of the Ag shell, we found that the intensity of the characteristic peak of Ag gradually increases and that of Au gradually decreases as the thickness of the Ag shell increases. Additionally, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties of Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes were evaluated using rhodamine 6G (R6G) as the probe molecule. Interestingly, Au@Ag nanocubes exhibit efficient SERS intensities compared to the Au nanocubes, and Ag shell with a thickness of about 8.4 nm exhibits the optimal SERS activity. In addition, our results also demonstrated that Au@Ag nanocubes with an Ag shell thickness of 8.4 nm exhibited high SERS sensitivity and are capable of probing the analyte down to 10-12 M. The results obtained here suggest that Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes might serve as a nanoprobe for SERS-based analytical and biosensing applications.
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Cellulosic ethanol is the key technology to alleviate the pressure of energy supply and climate change. However, the ethanol production process, which is close to industrial production and has a high saccharification rate and ethanol yield, still needs to be developed. This study demonstrates the effective conversion of poplar wood waste into fuel-grade ethanol. By employing a two-step pretreatment using sodium chlorite (SC)-dilute sulfuric acid (DSA), the raw material achieved a sugar conversion rate exceeding 85% of the theoretical value. Under optimized conditions, brewing yeast co-utilizing C6/C5 enabled a yield of 35 g/L ethanol from 10% solid loading delignified poplar hydrolysate. We increased the solid loading to enhance the final ethanol concentration and optimized both the hydrolysis and fermentation stages. With 20% solid loading delignified poplar hydrolysate, the final ethanol concentration reached 60 g/L, a 71.4% increase from the 10% solid loading. Our work incorporates the pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation stages to establish a simple, crude poplar waste fuel ethanol process, expanding the range of feedstocks for second-generation fuel ethanol production.
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BACKGROUND: Hierarchy is the organizing principle of human brain network. How network hierarchy changes in subthreshold depression (StD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the altered brain network hierarchy and its clinical significance in patients with StD. METHODS: A total of 43 patients with StD and 43 healthy controls matched for age, gender and years of education participated in this study. Alterations in the hierarchy of StD brain networks were depicted by connectome gradient analysis. We assessed changes in network hierarchy by comparing gradient scores in each network in patients with StD and healthy controls. The study compared different brain subdivisions if there was a different network. Finally, we analysed the relationship between the altered gradient scores and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Patients with StD had contracted network hierarchy and suppressed cortical range gradients. In the principal gradient, the gradient scores of default mode network were significantly reduced in patients with StD compared to controls. In the default network, the subdivisions of reduced gradient scores were mainly located in the precuneus, superior temporal gyrus, and anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus. Reduced gradient scores in the default mode network, the anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus were correlated with severity of depression. CONCLUSIONS: The network hierarchy of the StD changed and was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms and severity. These results provided new insights into further understanding of the neural mechanisms of StD.
Subject(s)
Brain , Connectome , Depression , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Nerve Net , Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Connectome/methods , Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging , Nerve Net/physiopathology , Depression/physiopathology , Depression/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Brain/physiopathology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Default Mode Network/diagnostic imaging , Default Mode Network/physiopathology , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To explore the influence of preoperative factors, including varying pupil sizes and refractive attributes, on postoperative glare disability in patients undergoing implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation. SETTING: Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: The preoperative ocular characteristics and 6-month postoperative glare status in eligible patients who underwent EVO-Visian ICL V4c (VICMO) implantation were analyzed. The glare disability criteria encompassed a glare symptom score >6 and glare sensitivity exceeding 1:2.7. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the preoperative ocular parameters and post-ICL glare. RESULTS: The study included 95 patients (mean age, 26.04 ± 6.29 years), comprising 30 men (58 eyes) and 65 women (129 eyes). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between postoperative glare disability and increased spherical power in preoperative mesopic pupils (ß = -0.124, P = .039), as well as elevated cylinder power in preoperative mesopic (ß = -0.412, P = .009) and photopic pupils (ß = -0.430, P = .007). Moreover, a larger preoperative mesopic pupil diameter (ß = 0.561, P = .005) demonstrated a significant correlation with glare disability. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative mesopic pupil dimensions and associated refractive parameters, such as sphere and cylinder, were correlated with glare disability, including the cylinder aspect in photopic pupils, which can assist clinicians in optimizing preoperative selection for ICL implantation, aiding in the anticipation of potential glare disability risks.
Subject(s)
Glare , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Mesopic Vision , Phakic Intraocular Lenses , Pupil , Visual Acuity , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Mesopic Vision/physiology , Myopia/surgery , Myopia/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Pupil/physiology , Refraction, Ocular/physiology , Risk Factors , Vision Disorders/physiopathology , Visual Acuity/physiologyABSTRACT
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a significant precursor to dementia, highlighting the critical need for early identification of individuals at high risk of MCI to prevent cognitive decline. The study aimed to investigate the changes in brain structure and function before the onset of MCI. This study enrolled 19 older adults with progressive normal cognition (pNC) to MCI and 19 older adults with stable normal cognition (sNC). The gray matter (GM) volume and functional connectivity (FC) were estimated via magnetic resonance imaging during their normal cognition state 3 years prior. Additionally, spatial associations between FC maps and neurochemical profiles were examined using JuSpace. Compared to the sNC group, the pNC group showed decreased volume in the left hippocampus and left amygdala. The significantly positive correlation was observed between the GM volume of the left hippocampus and the MMSE scores after 3 years in pNC group. Besides, it showed that the pNC group had increased FC between the left hippocampus and the anterior-posterior cingulate gyrus, which was significantly correlated with the spatial distribution of dopamine D2 and noradrenaline transporter. Taken together, the study identified the abnormal brain characteristics before the onset of MCI, which might provide insight into clinical research.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Humans , Aged , Cognition , Brain , Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methodsABSTRACT
Objective.Skull stripping is a key step in the pre-processing of rodent brain magnetic resonance images (MRI). This study aimed to develop a new skull stripping method via U2-Net, a neural network model based on deep learning method, for rat brain MRI.Approach.In this study, 599 rats were enrolled and U2-Net was applied to segment MRI images of rat brain. The intercranial tissue of each rat was manually labeled. 476 rats (approximate 80%) were used for training set while 123 rats (approximate 20%) were used to test the performance of the trained U2-Net model. For evaluation, the segmentation result by the U2-Net model is compared with the manual label, and traditional segment methods. Quantitative evaluation, including Dice coefficient, Jaccard coefficient, Sensitivity, Specificity, Pixel accuracy, Hausdorff coefficient, True positive rate, False positive rate and the volumes of whole brain, were calculated to compare the segmentation results among different models.Main results.The U2-Net model was performed better than the software of RATS and BrainSuite, in which the quantitative values of training U2-Net model were 0.9907 ± 0.0016 (Dice coefficient), 0.9816 ± 0.0032 (Jaccard coefficient), 0.9912 ± 0.0020 (Sensitivity), 0.9989 ± 0.0002 (Specificity), 0.9982 ± 0.0003 (Pixel accuracy), 5.2390 ± 2.5334 (Hausdorff coefficient), 0.9902 ± 0.0025 (True positive rate), 0.0009 ± 0.0002(False positive rate) respectively.Significance.This study provides a new method that achieves reliable performance in rat brain skull stripping of MRI images, which could contribute to the processing of rat brain MRI.
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The black sea bass, Centropristis striata, is a potential candidate for commercial aquaculture. Due to inadequate removal of nitrogen in its breeding environment, C. striata exhibits increased nitrate concentration, which can cause acute toxicity, including energy metabolism damage and tissue damage. Therefore, RNA-seq technology was applied to characterize genes associated with toxicity tolerance under nitrate stress. The nitrate treatment caused significant changes in a total of 8920 genes, of which 2949 genes were up-regulated and 5971 genes were down-regulated. It was found that significantly enriched GO terms and KEGG were associated with blood microparticles, inhibitors of enzyme activity, and complement and coagulation cascade pathways. Furthermore, through bioinformatics analysis, it was found that these different pathways obtained in GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were mostly related to the immune and inflammatory response of fish. This study expands our understanding of the mechanism of nitrate stress affecting the liver function of C. striata.
Subject(s)
Bass , Animals , Bass/genetics , Bass/metabolism , Transcriptome , Black Sea , Nitrates/metabolism , Liver/metabolismABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the survival rate, biochemical indices, and metabolome changes of the large yellow croaker after 48 h of live transportation. Two hundred and forty large yellow croakers (body weight: 23.4 ± 5.3 g, total length: 12.2 ± 0.7 cm) were used in this experiment. The transport buckets were filled with fresh seawater and the parameters of the water were a temperature of 16 ± 0.5 °C and a dissolved oxygen content of 6.0-7.2 mg/L. Large yellow crokers were first divided to 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L MS-222 groups to observe the 12 h survival rate. The survival rate of 10 mg/L MS-222 group (T1) was the 95%, highest of all, and was further analyzed. The results of liver biochemical indices indicated inhibition of gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway metabolism. In addition, metabolomics analysis identified significantly differentially expressed metabolites between T1 group and 0 mg/L MS-222 control (C) groups. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) results revealed that the pathways of amino acid metabolism, especially the lysine, aspartate, and homoserine in the liver were significantly affected. In conclusion, the combination of metabolomics and liver biochemical assays provided a characterization of the response mechanism of L. crocea exposed to live transportation.
Subject(s)
Metabolomics , Perciformes , Animals , Perciformes/genetics , Perciformes/metabolism , Fish Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
It is crucial to monitor the status of aquaculture objects in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs). Due to their high density and a high degree of intensification, aquaculture objects in such systems need to be monitored for a long time period to prevent losses caused by various factors. Object detection algorithms are gradually being used in the aquaculture industry, but it is difficult to achieve good results for scenes with high density and complex environments. This paper proposes a monitoring method for Larimichthys crocea in a RAS, which includes the detection and tracking of abnormal behavior. The improved YOLOX-S is used to detect Larimichthys crocea with abnormal behavior in real time. Aiming to solve the problems of stacking, deformation, occlusion, and too-small objects in a fishpond, the object detection algorithm used is improved by modifying the CSP module, adding coordinate attention, and modifying the part of the structure of the neck. After improvement, the AP50 reaches 98.4% and AP50:95 is also 16.2% higher than the original algorithm. In terms of tracking, due to the similarity in the fish's appearance, Bytetrack is used to track the detected objects, avoiding the ID switching caused by re-identification using appearance features. In the actual RAS environment, both MOTA and IDF1 can reach more than 95% under the premise of fully meeting real-time tracking, and the ID of the tracked Larimichthys crocea with abnormal behavior can be maintained stably. Our work can identify and track the abnormal behavior of fish efficiently, and this will provide data support for subsequent automatic treatment, thus avoiding loss expansion and improving the production efficiency of RASs.
Subject(s)
Perciformes , Animals , Fishes , Aquaculture/methodsABSTRACT
Ocean-caught large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) represents an important germplasm resource for the breeding of this species; however, these fish tend to show poor survival in captivity and would be unsuitable breeding purposes. As an alternative to the use of wild-caught croakers, germ cell transplantation has been proposed using the L. crocea specimens as donors and yellow drum (Nibea albiflora) as recipients. In this regard, the identification of L. crocea and N. albiflora germ cells is an essential prerequisite for establishing a germ cell transplantation protocol for these fish. In this study, we cloned the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of the vasa, dnd, and nanos2 genes in N. albiflora using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method and then aligned and analyzed the sequences of the corresponding genes in L. crocea and N. albiflora. On the basis of gene sequence differences, we designed species-specific primers and probes for RT-PCR analysis and in situ hybridization. RT-PCR analysis revealed that these species-specific primers exclusively amplified DNA from gonads of the respective species, thus confirming that we had six specific primer pairs that could be used to distinguish the germ cells in L. crocea and N. albiflora. Using in situ hybridization analysis, we established that whereas Lcvasa and Nadnd probes showed high species specificity, the probes for Navasa and Lcdnd showed a less specificity. In situ hybridization using Lcvasa and Nadnd thus enabled us to visualize the germ cells in these two species. Using these species-specific primers and probes, we can reliably distinguish the germ cells of L. crocea and N. albiflora, thereby establishing an effective approach for the post-transplantation identification of germ cells when using L. crocea and N. albiflora as donors and recipients, respectively.
Subject(s)
Germ Cells , Perciformes , Animals , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Perciformes/genetics , In Situ Hybridization , Gonads , Fish Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been widely studied due to the advantages of easy fabrication, low cost, light weight, good flexibility and sufficient transparency. In this work, flexible and semitransparent OSCs were successfully fabricated with the adoption of both polyimide/silver nanowires (PI/AgNW) and a conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS named PH1000 as the transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). It is demonstrated that PI/AgNW is more suitable as a cathode rather than an anode in the viewpoint of its work function, photovoltaic performance, and simulations of optical properties. It is also found that the light incidence from PH1000 TCE can produce more plasmonic-enhanced photon absorption than the PI/AgNW electrode does, resulting in more high power conversion efficiency. Moreover, a high light transmittance of 33.8% and a decent efficiency of 3.88% are achieved for the whole all-flexible semitransparent device with only 9% decrease of resistance in PI/AgNW after 3000 bending cycles. This work illustrates that PI/AgNW has great potential and bright prospect in large-area OSC applications in the future.
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Memory loss and aberrant neuronal network activity are part of the earliest hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Electroacupuncture (EA) has been recognized as a cognitive stimulation for its effects on memory disorder, but whether different brain regions or neural circuits contribute to memory recovery in AD remains unknown. Here, we found that memory deficit was ameliorated in 3×Tg-AD mice with EA-treatment, as shown by the increased number of exploring and time spent in the novel object. In addition, reduced locomotor activity was observed in 3×Tg-AD mice, but no significant alteration was seen in the EA-treated mice. Based on the functional magnetic resonance imaging, the regional spontaneous activity alterations of 3×Tg-AD were mainly concentrated in the accumbens nucleus, auditory cortex, caudate putamen, entorhinal cortex (EC), hippocampus, insular cortex, subiculum, temporal cortex, visual cortex, and so on. While EA-treatment prevented the chaos of brain activity in parts of the above regions, such as the auditory cortex, EC, hippocampus, subiculum, and temporal cortex. And then we used the whole-cell voltage-clamp recording to reveal the neurotransmission in the hippocampus, and found that EA-treatment reversed the synaptic spontaneous release. Since the hippocampus receives most of the projections of the EC, the hippocampus-EC circuit is one of the neural circuits related to memory impairment. We further applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tracking and functional connectivity, and found that hypo-connected between the hippocampus and EC with EA-treatment. These data indicate that the hippocampus-EC connectivity is responsible for the recognition memory deficit in the AD mice with EA-treatment, and provide novel insight into potential therapies for memory loss in AD.
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Background and Purpose: This study investigates the effect of physical activity (PA) on cognition in patients with cerebrovascular disease and explored the maximum benefit of different PA characteristics. Methods: Databases, such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched from their inception to May 31, 2021. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to generate a forest plot. In addition, subgroup analysis, moderation analysis, and regression analysis were performed to explore the possible adjustment factors. Results: In total, 22 studies that met the criteria were included, demonstrating data from 1,601 participants. The results indicated that PA produced a positive effect on the global cognition for patients with cerebrovascular disease (SMD: 0.20 [95% CI: 0.12-0.27]), at the same time, PA training prominently improved executive function (SMD: 0.09 [95% CI: 0.00-0.17]) and working memory (SMD: 0.25 [95% CI: 0.10-0.40]). Furthermore, patients with baseline cognitive impairment received the greater benefit of PA on cognition (SMD: 0.24 [95% CI: 0.14-0.34]) than those without cognitive impairment before intervention (SMD: 0.15 [95% CI: 0.04-0.26]). For patients in the acute stage (≤ 3 months), PA did not rescue impairment dysfunction significantly (SMD: 0.08 [95% CI: -0.04-0.21]) and remarkable cognitive gains were detected in the chronic stage of participants (>3 months) (SMD: 0.25 [95% CI: 0.16-0.35]). Moderate intensity PA showed a larger pooled effect size (SMD: 0.23 [95% CI: 0.11-0.36]) than low intensity (SMD: -0.01 [95% CI: -0.44-0.43]) and high intensity (SMD: 0.16 [95% CI: 0.03-0.29]). However, the different types, duration, and frequency of PA resulted in no differences in the improvement of cognitive function. Further regression analysis demonstrated that the beneficial effects of PA on cognition are negatively correlated with age (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed that PA can prominently improve the cognitive ability in patients with cerebrovascular diseases and strengthened the evidence that PA held promise as a widely accessible and effective non-drug therapy for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).
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The changes of neurochemicals in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been observed via magnetic resonance spectroscopy in several studies. However, whether it exists the consistent pattern of changes of neurochemicals in the encephalic region during the progression of MCI to AD were still not clear. The study performed meta-analysis to investigate the patterns of neurochemical changes in the encephalic region in the progress of AD. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, and finally included 63 studies comprising 1,086 MCI patients, 1,256 AD patients, and 1,907 healthy controls. It showed that during the progression from MCI to AD, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) decreased continuously in the posterior cingulate (PC) (SMD: -0.42 [95% CI: -0.62 to -0.21], z = -3.89, P < 0.05), NAA/Cr (creatine) was consistently reduced in PC (SMD: -0.58 [95% CI: -0.86 to -0.30], z = -4.06, P < 0.05) and hippocampus (SMD: -0.65 [95% CI: -1.11 to -0.12], z = -2.44, P < 0.05), while myo-inositol (mI) (SMD: 0.44 [95% CI: 0.26-0.61], z = 4.97, P < 0.05) and mI/Cr (SMD: 0.43 [95% CI: 0.17-0.68], z = 3.30, P < 0.05) were raised in PC. Furthermore, these results were further verified by a sustained decrease in the NAA/mI of PC (SMD: -0.94 [95% CI: -1.24 to -0.65], z = -6.26, P < 0.05). Therefore, the levels of NAA and mI were associated with the cognitive decline and might be used as potentially biomarkers to predict the possible progression from MCI to AD. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42020200308.
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In order to fully comprehend the evolution and kinship of fishes in the family of Loricariidae, the complete mitochondrial genome of the Loricariidae fish Ancistrus temmincki was firstly characterized in the present study. The whole mitogenome was 16,657 bp in size and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs genes, a control region and origin of light-strand replication. The proportion of coding sequences with a total length of 11,473 bp was 68.88%, which encoded 3,813 amino acids. The genome composition was highly A + T biased (56.29%), and exhibited AT-skew (0.0661) and a negative GC-skew (-0.2740). All protein-coding genes were started with ATG except for GTG in CO1, while stopped with the standard TAN codons or a single T. The control region (D-loop) ranging from 15,635 bp to 16,657 bp was 1023 bp in size. Until now, there is hardly any studies on the complete mitochondrial sequence in the genus of Ancistrus, phylogenetic analysis showed that A. temmincki was most closely related to Ancistrus cryptophthalmus in the genus of Ancistrus. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence has provided a new insight into the taxonomic classification, and a more complex picture of the species diversity within the family of Loricariidae.
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Accumulating evidence has shown that dietary zinc deficiency (ZD) increases the risk of various cancers including esophageal and gastric cancer. However, the role of ZD in colon tumorigenesis is unknown and the related mechanisms need to be investigated. Apcmin/+ mice, widely used to mimic the spontaneous process of human intestinal tumor, were used to construct a ZD mice model in this study. Inflammatory mediators such as COX-2, TNF-α, CCL, CXCL, and IL chemokines families were evaluated using real-time PCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Besides, the immunoreactivities of cyclin D1, PCNA, and COX-2 in the colon were detected by immunohistochemistry. We found that zinc deficiency could promote colon tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice. The mechanisms are involved in the upregulation of inflammatory mediators: COX-2, TNF-α, CCL, CXCL, and IL chemokines families. Administration of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, decreased colon tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice via inhibiting the inflammatory mediators. ZD plays an important role in the process of colon cancers of Apcmin/+ mice. Celecoxib attenuates ZD-induced colon tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice by inhibiting the inflammatory mediators. Our novel finding would provide potential prevention of colorectal tumor-induced by ZD.