Brazilian Society for Angiology and Vascular Surgery guidelines on abdominal aortic aneurysm.

The Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, through the Guidelines Project, presents new Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Guidelines, on the subject of care for abdominal aortic aneurysm patients. Its development prioritized descriptive guidelines, using the EMBASE, LILACS, and PubMed databases. References include randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cohort studies. Quality of evidence was evaluated by a pair of coordinators, aided by the RoB 2 Cochrane tool and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale forms. The subjects include juxtarenal aneurysms, infected aneurysms, and new therapeutic techniques, especially endovascular procedures. The current version of the guidelines include important recommendations for the primary topics involving diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for abdominal aortic aneurysm patients, providing an objective guide for medical practice, based on scientific evidence and widely available throughout Brazil.

A Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, por meio do projeto Diretrizes, apresenta as novas Diretrizes de Aorta Abdominal, referentes aos cuidados de pacientes com aneurisma de aorta abdominal. Para sua elaboração, foram priorizadas diretrizes descritivas, utilizando as bases EMBASE, LILACS e PubMed. As referências incluem ensaios clínicos randomizados, revisões sistemáticas, metanálises e estudos de coorte. A qualidade das evidências foi examinada por uma dupla de coordenadores, com auxílio da ferramenta RoB 2 da Colaboração Cochrane e dos formulários da Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Aneurismas justarrenais, infectados e novas técnicas terapêuticas, principalmente no âmbito endovascular, estão entre os temas estudados. A versão atual das Diretrizes apresenta importantes recomendações para os principais itens que envolvem o diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento de pacientes com aneurisma de aorta abdominal, oferecendo um guia objetivo para prática médica, construído a partir de evidências científicas e amplamente acessível em todo o território nacional.

Comparative study of angiographic changes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Background: Diabetics are at 5-15 times greater risk of developing peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and few studies have compared risk factors and distribution and severity of arterial changes in diabetics compared with non-diabetics. Objectives: To compare angiographic changes between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with advanced PAD and correlate them with risk factors. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of consecutive patients undergoing lower limb arteriography for PAD (Rutherford 3-6) using TASC II and Bollinger et al. angiographic scores. Exclusion criteria were upper limb angiographies, unclear images, incomplete laboratory test results, and previous arterial surgeries. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, Fisher's test for discrete data, and Student's t test for continuous data (significance level: p < 0.05). Results: We studied 153 patients with a mean age of 67 years, 50.9% female and 58.2% diabetics. A total of 91 patients (59%) had trophic lesions (Rutherford 5 or 6) and 62 (41%) had resting pain or limiting claudication (Rutherford 3 and 4). Among diabetics, 81.7% were hypertensive, 29.4% had never smoked, and 14% had a history of acute myocardial infarction. According to the Bollinger et al. score, infra-popliteal arteries were more affected in diabetics, especially the anterior tibial artery (p = 0.005), while the superficial femoral artery was more affected in non-diabetics (p = 0.008). According to TASC II, the most severe angiographic changes in the femoral-popliteal segment occurred in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.019). Conclusions: The most frequently affected sectors were the infra-popliteal sectors in diabetics and the femoral sector in non-diabetics.

Comparação das alterações angiográficas entre pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos com doença arterial periférica / Comparative study of angiographic changes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease

Resumo Contexto Os diabéticos possuem risco de 5 a 15 vezes maior para o desenvolvimento de doença arterial periférica (DAP), e poucos estudos compararam fatores de risco e a distribuição e gravidade de alterações arteriais angiográficas entre diabéticos e não diabéticos. Objetivos Comparar alterações angiográficas entre pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos com DAP avançada, correlacionando-as com demais fatores de risco. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo de pacientes consecutivos submetidos a arteriografia de membros inferiores por DAP (Rutherford de 3 a 6), usando os escores angiográficos TASC II e de Bollinger et al. Os critérios de exclusão incluíram arteriografias de membros superiores, exames incompletos ou sem nitidez e cirurgias prévias. A análise estatística incluiu o teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher para variáveis discretas e o teste t para variáveis contínuas (significância: p < 0,05). Resultados Foram estudados 153 pacientes com idade média de 67 anos, sendo 50,9% do sexo feminino e 58,2% diabéticos. Um total de 91 pacientes (59%) tinha lesão trófica (Rutherford 5 ou 6), enquanto 62 (41%) tinham dor em repouso ou claudicação limitante (Rutherford 3 e 4). Entre os diabéticos, 81,7% eram hipertensos, 29,4% nunca fumaram e 14% tinham antecedente de infarto do miocárdio. Pelo escore de Bollinger et al., as artérias infrapoplíteas foram as mais comprometidas, em especial a tibial anterior (p = 0,005) nos diabéticos, enquanto a femoral superficial foi mais acometida nos não diabéticos (p = 0,008). Pelo TASC II, as alterações arteriográficas mais graves ocorreram no segmento fêmoro-poplíteo nos pacientes não diabéticos (p = 0,019). Conclusões Os setores infrapoplíteos foram os mais comprometidos nos diabéticos, enquanto o setor femoral foi o mais acometido nos não diabéticos.

Abstract Background Diabetics are at 5-15 times greater risk of developing peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and few studies have compared risk factors and distribution and severity of arterial changes in diabetics compared with non-diabetics. Objectives To compare angiographic changes between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with advanced PAD and correlate them with risk factors. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of consecutive patients undergoing lower limb arteriography for PAD (Rutherford 3-6) using TASC II and Bollinger et al. angiographic scores. Exclusion criteria were upper limb angiographies, unclear images, incomplete laboratory test results, and previous arterial surgeries. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, Fisher's test for discrete data, and Student's t test for continuous data (significance level: p < 0.05). Results We studied 153 patients with a mean age of 67 years, 50.9% female and 58.2% diabetics. A total of 91 patients (59%) had trophic lesions (Rutherford 5 or 6) and 62 (41%) had resting pain or limiting claudication (Rutherford 3 and 4). Among diabetics, 81.7% were hypertensive, 29.4% had never smoked, and 14% had a history of acute myocardial infarction. According to the Bollinger et al. score, infra-popliteal arteries were more affected in diabetics, especially the anterior tibial artery (p = 0.005), while the superficial femoral artery was more affected in non-diabetics (p = 0.008). According to TASC II, the most severe angiographic changes in the femoral-popliteal segment occurred in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.019). Conclusions The most frequently affected sectors were the infra-popliteal sectors in diabetics and the femoral sector in non-diabetics.

Brazilian Society for Angiology and Vascular Surgery guidelines on abdominal aortic aneurysm / Projeto Diretrizes, Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular: aneurisma da aorta abdominal

Abstract The Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, through the Guidelines Project, presents new Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Guidelines, on the subject of care for abdominal aortic aneurysm patients. Its development prioritized descriptive guidelines, using the EMBASE, LILACS, and PubMed databases. References include randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cohort studies. Quality of evidence was evaluated by a pair of coordinators, aided by the RoB 2 Cochrane tool and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale forms. The subjects include juxtarenal aneurysms, infected aneurysms, and new therapeutic techniques, especially endovascular procedures. The current version of the guidelines include important recommendations for the primary topics involving diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for abdominal aortic aneurysm patients, providing an objective guide for medical practice, based on scientific evidence and widely available throughout Brazil.

Resumo A Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, por meio do projeto Diretrizes, apresenta as novas Diretrizes de Aorta Abdominal, referentes aos cuidados de pacientes com aneurisma de aorta abdominal. Para sua elaboração, foram priorizadas diretrizes descritivas, utilizando as bases EMBASE, LILACS e PubMed. As referências incluem ensaios clínicos randomizados, revisões sistemáticas, metanálises e estudos de coorte. A qualidade das evidências foi examinada por uma dupla de coordenadores, com auxílio da ferramenta RoB 2 da Colaboração Cochrane e dos formulários da Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Aneurismas justarrenais, infectados e novas técnicas terapêuticas, principalmente no âmbito endovascular, estão entre os temas estudados. A versão atual das Diretrizes apresenta importantes recomendações para os principais itens que envolvem o diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento de pacientes com aneurisma de aorta abdominal, oferecendo um guia objetivo para prática médica, construído a partir de evidências científicas e amplamente acessível em todo o território nacional.

Unibody design for aortic disease with a narrow aortic bifurcation: tips and tricks for success.

BACKGROUND: Surgical management of patients with abdominal aortic diseases associated with distal narrowing is a challenging situation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate outcomes of unibody bifurcated endovascular stent graft repair. METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational, multi-institutional database study of a cohort of consecutive cases, approved by the local Ethics Committee. Records were reviewed of patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2020 with "shaggy" aorta, saccular aneurysm, penetrating aortic ulcer, and isolated aortic dissection located in the infrarenal abdominal aorta. All patients were treated with a unibody bifurcated stent graft. Main outcomes were technical success, procedure complications, long-term patency, and mortality in the follow-up period up to 5 years. Data on demographics, comorbidities, surgical management, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were treated with unibody bifurcated stent graft repair, including 7 cases of "shaggy" aorta, 3 isolated dissections of the abdominal aorta, 4 penetrating aortic ulcers, and 9 saccular aneurysms. Immediate technical success was achieved in 100% of cases. At follow-up, all stent grafts remained patent and there were no limb occlusions. The patients were symptom-free and reported no complications related to the procedure. There were 5 deaths during the follow-up period (median= 4 years), but none were related to the procedure and there were no aorta-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that unibody bifurcated stent grafting is safe and effective in this group of patients with narrow distal abdominal aorta and complex aortic pathology. The results were similar for both infrarenal aortic aneurysms and aorto-iliac atherosclerotic disease.

CONTEXTO: O manejo cirúrgico de pacientes com doenças da aorta abdominal associadas ao estreitamento distal é desafiador. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os desfechos do reparo endovascular com endoprótese bifurcada do tipo monobloco. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, de coorte observacional, de banco de dados multi-institucional, com casos consecutivos, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética local. Foram analisados prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de shaggy aorta, aneurisma sacular, úlcera penetrante da aorta e dissecção isolada da aorta localizados na aorta abdominal infrarrenal entre 2010 e 2020; todos os pacientes foram tratados com endoprótese bifurcada do tipo monobloco. Os principais desfechos foram sucesso técnico, complicações relacionadas ao procedimento, perviedade de longo prazo e mortalidade no seguimento de até 5 anos. Foram incluídos dados demográficos, comorbidades, manejo cirúrgico e desfechos. RESULTADOS: Vinte e três pacientes foram tratados com endoprótese bifurcada do tipo monobloco, incluindo 7 casos de shaggy aorta, 3 dissecções isoladas da aorta abdominal, 4 úlceras penetrantes da aorta e 9 aneurismas saculares. Sucesso técnico imediato foi obtido em 100% dos casos. No seguimento, todas as endopróteses permaneceram pérvias e não houve oclusões de membros. Os pacientes estavam sem sintomas e não relataram complicações relacionadas ao procedimento. Ocorreram 5 óbitos durante o seguimento (mediana = 4 anos), mas nenhum relacionado ao procedimento ou à aorta. CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo mostra que a endoprótese bifurcada do tipo monobloco é segura e eficaz neste grupo de pacientes com estreitamento distal da aorta abdominal e patologia aórtica complexa. Os resultados foram semelhantes para aneurismas da aorta infrarrenal e doença aterosclerótica aortoilíaca.

True isolated deep femoral artery aneurysm associated with peripheral artery disease: case report.

True deep femoral artery aneurysms are extremely rare, accounting for about 0.5% of all peripheral aneurysms. In this report, we describe a 79-year-old male patient with a history of prior abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery via a conventional approach who was admitted to the vascular surgery service at the Hospital das Clínicas with intermittent claudication of the lower limbs. Arterial color-Doppler ultrasonography of the right lower limb was performed, revealing peripheral arterial disease of the femoral--popliteal and infrapatellar segments. Computed tomography angiography identified aortoiliac and bifurcated graft occlusion from the infrarenal segment of the aorta, in addition to a deep femoral artery aneurysm with diameters of 3.7 cm x 3.5 cm and length of 7 cm. Resection of the aneurysm was followed by revascularization of the deep femoral artery by interposition of a Dacron® graft and reimplantation of the superficial femoral artery into the graft. In cases of deep femoral artery aneurysms with concomitant peripheral arterial disease, it is important to ensure revascularization and adequate perfusion of the lower limb.

Unibody design for aortic disease with a narrow aortic bifurcation: tips and tricks for success / Design unimodular para doença da aorta com bifurcação aórtica estreita: dicas para o sucesso

Abstract Background Surgical management of patients with abdominal aortic diseases associated with distal narrowing is a challenging situation. Objectives To evaluate outcomes of unibody bifurcated endovascular stent graft repair. Methods This is a retrospective, observational, multi-institutional database study of a cohort of consecutive cases, approved by the local Ethics Committee. Records were reviewed of patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2020 with "shaggy" aorta, saccular aneurysm, penetrating aortic ulcer, and isolated aortic dissection located in the infrarenal abdominal aorta. All patients were treated with a unibody bifurcated stent graft. Main outcomes were technical success, procedure complications, long-term patency, and mortality in the follow-up period up to 5 years. Data on demographics, comorbidities, surgical management, and outcomes were analyzed. Results Twenty-three patients were treated with unibody bifurcated stent graft repair, including 7 cases of "shaggy" aorta, 3 isolated dissections of the abdominal aorta, 4 penetrating aortic ulcers, and 9 saccular aneurysms. Immediate technical success was achieved in 100% of cases. At follow-up, all stent grafts remained patent and there were no limb occlusions. The patients were symptom-free and reported no complications related to the procedure. There were 5 deaths during the follow-up period (median= 4 years), but none were related to the procedure and there were no aorta-related deaths. Conclusions The present study shows that unibody bifurcated stent grafting is safe and effective in this group of patients with narrow distal abdominal aorta and complex aortic pathology. The results were similar for both infrarenal aortic aneurysms and aorto-iliac atherosclerotic disease.

Resumo Contexto O manejo cirúrgico de pacientes com doenças da aorta abdominal associadas ao estreitamento distal é desafiador. Objetivos Avaliar os desfechos do reparo endovascular com endoprótese bifurcada do tipo monobloco. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, de coorte observacional, de banco de dados multi-institucional, com casos consecutivos, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética local. Foram analisados prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de shaggy aorta, aneurisma sacular, úlcera penetrante da aorta e dissecção isolada da aorta localizados na aorta abdominal infrarrenal entre 2010 e 2020; todos os pacientes foram tratados com endoprótese bifurcada do tipo monobloco. Os principais desfechos foram sucesso técnico, complicações relacionadas ao procedimento, perviedade de longo prazo e mortalidade no seguimento de até 5 anos. Foram incluídos dados demográficos, comorbidades, manejo cirúrgico e desfechos. Resultados Vinte e três pacientes foram tratados com endoprótese bifurcada do tipo monobloco, incluindo 7 casos de shaggy aorta, 3 dissecções isoladas da aorta abdominal, 4 úlceras penetrantes da aorta e 9 aneurismas saculares. Sucesso técnico imediato foi obtido em 100% dos casos. No seguimento, todas as endopróteses permaneceram pérvias e não houve oclusões de membros. Os pacientes estavam sem sintomas e não relataram complicações relacionadas ao procedimento. Ocorreram 5 óbitos durante o seguimento (mediana = 4 anos), mas nenhum relacionado ao procedimento ou à aorta. Conclusões O presente estudo mostra que a endoprótese bifurcada do tipo monobloco é segura e eficaz neste grupo de pacientes com estreitamento distal da aorta abdominal e patologia aórtica complexa. Os resultados foram semelhantes para aneurismas da aorta infrarrenal e doença aterosclerótica aortoilíaca.

Acute aortic wall injury caused by aortic cross-clamping: morphological and biomechanical study of the aorta in a swine model of three aortic surgery approaches.

BACKGROUND: Aortic cross-clamping and balloon occlusion of the aorta could lead to damage to the aorta wall. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate changes to the aorta wall related to the method used to interrupt flow (clamping or balloon) in the different techniques available for aortic surgery. METHODS: Experiments were performed on 40 female pigs, weighing 25-30kg, which were randomly allocated to 4 study groups: S (n=10), no intervention (sham group); C (n=10), midline transperitoneal laparotomy for infrarenal abdominal aortic access with 60 min of cross-clamping; L (n=10), laparoscopic infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery with 60 min of cross-clamping; EV (n=10), remote proximal aortic control with transfemoral arterial insertion of aortic occlusion balloon catheter, inflated to provide continued aortic occlusion for 60min. After euthanasia, the aortas were removed and cross-sectioned to obtain histological specimens for light microscopic and morphometric analyses. The remaining longitudinal segments were stretched to rupture and mechanical parameters were determined. RESULTS: We observed a reduction in the yield point of the abdominal aorta, decrease in stiffness and in failure load in the aortic cross-clamping groups (C and L) compared with the EV group. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic cross-clamping during open or laparoscopic surgery can affect the mechanical properties of the aorta leading to decrease in resistance of the aorta wall, without structural changes in aorta wall histology.

Results of treatment of acute occlusions of limb arteries at a university hospital - retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Acute arterial occlusions (AAO) in limbs have been increasing in parallel with population longevity. OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors, limb salvage rates, and survival of patients with AAO treated at a University Hospital. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients. Outcomes included: patency, symptoms, comorbidities, Rutherford category, arteries occluded, postoperative complications, and 30-day limb salvage and mortality rates. RESULTS: Medical records were evaluated from 105 patients, predominantly males (65.7%), with ages ranging from 46 to 91 years. Etiology: thrombotic (54.3%), embolic (35.2%), and undefined (10.5%). About 2/3 of the patients were assessed as Rutherford category II or III. Associated symptoms: pain (97.1%), coldness (89.5%), pallor (64.7%), sensory loss (44.7%), paralysis (30.5%), anesthesia (21.9%), edema (21.9%), and cyanosis (15.2%). Associated comorbidities: hypertension (65.0%), smoking (59.0%), arrhythmias (26.6%), dyslipidemia (24.0%), and diabetes (23.8%). The distal superficial femoral-popliteal segment was the most affected (80%). Thromboembolectomy with a Fogarty catheter was performed in 73.3% of cases (81.0% of embolic cases, 71.9% of thrombotic cases, and 54.5% of cases with undefined etiology) and was the only treatment used in 41 cases (39.05%), among which there were 11 reocclusion, 20 amputations, and 14 deaths. Arterial reocclusion was more frequent in thrombosis cases (12.9%, p = 0.054). Within 30 days of treatment, total mortality was 14.6%, and 19.8% of cases underwent major amputation, which was less frequent among Rutherford Class I patients (p = 0.0179). CONCLUSION: Treatment of AAO was primarily performed by thromboembolectomy with a Fogarty catheter, either alone or in combination with other treatments, achieving amputation and complication rates compatible with the best results in the literature and were progressively lower in less advanced Rutherford categories.

Lesão aguda da parede arterial provocada pelo método de interrupção temporária de fluxo em diferentes vias de cirurgia aórtica: estudo morfológico e biomecânico da aorta de porcos / Acute aortic wall injury caused by aortic cross-clamping: morphological and biomechanical study of the aorta in a swine model of three aortic surgery approaches

Resumo Contexto O clampeamento aórtico e a oclusão da aorta com balão poderiam levar a lesões na parede aórtica. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as alterações da parede aórtica relacionadas ao método de interrupção de fluxo (cample ou balão) em diferentes técnicas disponíveis para cirurgia de aorta. Métodos Os experimentos foram realizados em 40 porcos fêmeas pesando de 25-30 kg, alocados para quatro grupos: S (n = 10), nenhuma intervenção (sham); C (n = 10), laparotomia mediana transperitoneal para acesso à aorta abdominal infrarrenal com tempo de clampeamento de 60 minutos; L (n = 10), cirurgia laparoscópica da aorta abdominal infrarrenal com tempo de clampeamento de 60 minutos; EV (n = 10), controle aórtico proximal com inserção de cateter-balão para oclusão aórtica por acesso femoral, inflado a fim de promover oclusão aórtica contínua por 60 minutos. Após a eutanásia, as aortas foram removidas e seccionadas para obtenção de espécimes histológicos destinados a análises morfométricas e por microscopia de luz. Os fragmentos longitudinais restantes foram estirados até a ruptura, e determinaram-se padrões mecânicos. Resultados Observou-se redução do limite de proporcionalidade da aorta abdominal, diminuição da rigidez e da carga de ruptura nos grupos submetidos a campleamento aórtico (C e L) em comparação ao grupo EV. Conclusões O campleamento aórtico durante cirurgia aberta ou laparoscópica pode afetar as propriedades mecânicas da aorta, ocasionando redução de resistência da parede aórtica sem desencadear alterações na estrutura histológica da parede aórtica.

Abstract Background Aortic cross-clamping and balloon occlusion of the aorta could lead to damage to the aorta wall. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate changes to the aorta wall related to the method used to interrupt flow (clamping or balloon) in the different techniques available for aortic surgery. Methods Experiments were performed on 40 female pigs, weighing 25-30kg, which were randomly allocated to 4 study groups: S (n=10), no intervention (sham group); C (n=10), midline transperitoneal laparotomy for infrarenal abdominal aortic access with 60 min of cross-clamping; L (n=10), laparoscopic infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery with 60 min of cross-clamping; EV (n=10), remote proximal aortic control with transfemoral arterial insertion of aortic occlusion balloon catheter, inflated to provide continued aortic occlusion for 60min. After euthanasia, the aortas were removed and cross-sectioned to obtain histological specimens for light microscopic and morphometric analyses. The remaining longitudinal segments were stretched to rupture and mechanical parameters were determined. Results We observed a reduction in the yield point of the abdominal aorta, decrease in stiffness and in failure load in the aortic cross-clamping groups (C and L) compared with the EV group. Conclusions Aortic cross-clamping during open or laparoscopic surgery can affect the mechanical properties of the aorta leading to decrease in resistance of the aorta wall, without structural changes in aorta wall histology.

Resultados do tratamento das oclusões arteriais agudas de membros em hospital universitário - estudo retrospectivo / Results of treatment of acute occlusions of limb arteries at a university hospital - retrospective study

Resumo Contexto As oclusões arteriais agudas (OAA) de membros vêm crescendo paralelemente com a longevidade da população. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar fatores de risco, salvamento de membros e sobrevida dos pacientes com OAA tratados em instituição universitária. Métodos Este é um estudo coorte retrospectivo de pacientes consecutivos. Os desfechos incluíram: sucesso técnico, sintomas, comorbidades, categoria Rutherford, artérias acometidas, complicações pós-operatórias, taxa de salvamento de membros em 30 dias e óbitos. Resultados Avaliou-se 105 prontuários, havendo predomínio do sexo masculino (65,7%) e idade entre 46 a 91 anos. As etiologias identificadas foram trombóticas (54,3%), embólicas (35,2%) e indefinidas (10,5%). Cerca de dois terços apresentavam-se nas Categorias II e III de Rutherford. Os sintomas associados encontrados foram dor (97,1%), esfriamento (89,5%), palidez (64,7%), parestesias (44,7%), paralisias (30,5%), anestesias (21,9%), edema (21,9%) e cianose (15,2%); e as comorbidades associadas observadas foram hipertensão (65,0%), tabagismo (59,0%), arritmias (26,6%), dislipidemias (24,0%) e diabetes (23,8%). O segmento femoral superficial-poplíteo-distal foi o mais acometido (80%). A tromboembolectomia com cateter Fogarty foi realizada em 73,3% dos casos (81,0% nas embolias, 71,9% nas tromboses e 54,5% nos indefinidos), sendo isoladamente em 41 pacientes (39,05%), nos quais ocorreram 11 reoclusões, 20 amputações e 14 óbitos. A reoclusão arterial foi mais frequente nas tromboses (12,9%; p = 0,054). Até 30 dias após tratamento, o óbito total foi de 14,6% e a amputação maior foi de 19,8%, sendo menos frequente na Classe I Rutherford (p = 0,0179). Conclusão O tratamento da OAA feito prioritariamente por meio de tromboembolectomia com cateter Fogarty, isolado e/ou associado, proporcionou taxas de amputação e complicações compatíveis com as apresentadas na literatura e progressivamente menores nas categorias Rutherford menos avançadas.

Abstract Background Acute arterial occlusions (AAO) in limbs have been increasing in parallel with population longevity. Objective To assess risk factors, limb salvage rates, and survival of patients with AAO treated at a University Hospital. Methods Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients. Outcomes included: patency, symptoms, comorbidities, Rutherford category, arteries occluded, postoperative complications, and 30-day limb salvage and mortality rates. Results Medical records were evaluated from 105 patients, predominantly males (65.7%), with ages ranging from 46 to 91 years. Etiology: thrombotic (54.3%), embolic (35.2%), and undefined (10.5%). About 2/3 of the patients were assessed as Rutherford category II or III. Associated symptoms: pain (97.1%), coldness (89.5%), pallor (64.7%), sensory loss (44.7%), paralysis (30.5%), anesthesia (21.9%), edema (21.9%), and cyanosis (15.2%). Associated comorbidities: hypertension (65.0%), smoking (59.0%), arrhythmias (26.6%), dyslipidemia (24.0%), and diabetes (23.8%). The distal superficial femoral-popliteal segment was the most affected (80%). Thromboembolectomy with a Fogarty catheter was performed in 73.3% of cases (81.0% of embolic cases, 71.9% of thrombotic cases, and 54.5% of cases with undefined etiology) and was the only treatment used in 41 cases (39.05%), among which there were 11 reocclusion, 20 amputations, and 14 deaths. Arterial reocclusion was more frequent in thrombosis cases (12.9%, p = 0.054). Within 30 days of treatment, total mortality was 14.6%, and 19.8% of cases underwent major amputation, which was less frequent among Rutherford Class I patients (p = 0.0179). Conclusion Treatment of AAO was primarily performed by thromboembolectomy with a Fogarty catheter, either alone or in combination with other treatments, achieving amputation and complication rates compatible with the best results in the literature and were progressively lower in less advanced Rutherford categories.

Pseudoaneurisma da artéria glútea inferior após queda de bicicleta: relato de caso / Inferior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm after fall from a bicycle: case report

Pseudoaneurysms of gluteal arteries are rare, especially involving the inferior gluteal artery. They are mainly associated with penetrating trauma, infections, or pelvic fractures. A minority of cases are caused by blunt traumas, with only six cases reported in English. We present a case of pseudoaneurysm of the right inferior gluteal artery after a bicycle fall, presenting with a large hematoma in the gluteal region, observed during clinical examination, and significantly reduced hemoglobin. CT angiography revealed a large hematoma, with contrast extravasation and pseudoaneurysm formation. Angiography revealed that the origin of the lesion was in the right inferior gluteal artery. This artery was embolized with coils. After the procedure, the patient was referred to an intensive care unit, from where he was later transferred to a different hospital, with bleeding controlled. Endovascular treatment of these cases is a safe, fast and an effective option

Pseudoaneurismas de artérias glúteas são raros, especialmente os que envolvem a artéria glútea inferior. Eles estão associados principalmente a traumas penetrantes, infecções ou fraturas de pelve. Em uma minoria de casos, são causados por traumas fechados, havendo somente seis casos relatados na literatura. Apresenta-se aqui um caso de pseudoaneurisma da artéria glútea inferior direita após queda de bicicleta, evoluindo com grande hematoma na região glútea ao exame clínico e queda hematimétrica significativa. A angiotomografia revelou um grande hematoma na região glútea, com extravasamento de contraste e formação de pseudoaneurisma no local. A angiografia revelou que a origem da lesão era na artéria glútea inferior direita. Foi realizada embolização dessa artéria com molas. Após esse procedimento, o paciente foi encaminhado para a unidade de terapia intensiva, de onde foi posteriormente transferido para outro hospital, com o sangramento controlado. Para esses casos, o tratamento endovascular é uma opção segura, rápida e efetiva

Tratamento da recidiva de reestenose intra-stent renal por angioplastia com balão farmacológico / Drug-coated balloon used to treat in-stent restenosis of the renal artery

Nos últimos anos, balões farmacológicos surgiram como promissora alternativa terapêutica em intervenções endovasculares. Com essa tecnologia, transferem-se drogas antiproliferativas à parede arterial, sem a necessidade de implante metálico para liberação. Descreve-se o caso de um paciente com uma segunda recidiva de reestenose intra-stent renal tratada por angioplastia com balão coberto por droga, com boa evolução clínica caracterizada por adequado controle pressórico e redução de classes e dosagem dos anti-hipertensivos. Os resultados obtidos com balões farmacológicos em outros territórios e esta experiência isolada podem contribuir como sugestão para o uso desses dispositivos na reestenose intra-stent renal, com resultados iniciais satisfatórios

During recent years, drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option. DCBs directly transfer antiproliferative drugs to the arterial wall in order to decrease myointimal hyperplasia. We describe a case of de novo renal artery in-stent restenosis (ISR) treated with drug-coated balloon angioplasty with acceptable short-term results, achieving blood pressure control using fewer antihypertensive agents. The experience and results obtained with DCBs in other territories could suggest and justify use of this technology in renal artery ISR

Inferior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm after fall from a bicycle: case report.

Pseudoaneurysms of gluteal arteries are rare, especially involving the inferior gluteal artery. They are mainly associated with penetrating trauma, infections, or pelvic fractures. A minority of cases are caused by blunt traumas, with only six cases reported in English. We present a case of pseudoaneurysm of the right inferior gluteal artery after a bicycle fall, presenting with a large hematoma in the gluteal region, observed during clinical examination, and significantly reduced hemoglobin. CT angiography revealed a large hematoma, with contrast extravasation and pseudoaneurysm formation. Angiography revealed that the origin of the lesion was in the right inferior gluteal artery. This artery was embolized with coils. After the procedure, the patient was referred to an intensive care unit, from where he was later transferred to a different hospital, with bleeding controlled. Endovascular treatment of these cases is a safe, fast and an effective option.

Uso de curativo a vácuo como terapia adjuvante na cicatrização de sítio cirúrgico infectado / Using vacuum therapy as an adjunctive treatment for healing of infected surgical sites

Resumo Infecções de sítios cirúrgicos com envolvimento de próteses sintéticas constituem grande desafio para tratamento. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com múltiplas comorbidades, histórico de enxerto aortobifemoral há 6 anos e reabordagem das anastomoses femorais por reestenoses há 5 anos. Apresentou dor inguinal esquerda e abaulamento súbitos com diagnóstico de pseudoaneurisma femoral roto e instabilidade hemodinâmica. Foi submetida a correção emergencial com interposição de prótese de dácron recoberta por prata e correção de grande hérnia incisional abdominal com tela sintética ao mesmo tempo. No pós-operatório, manteve-se por longo período sob terapia intensiva com dificuldade de extubação. Nesse ínterim, apresentou deiscência das suturas e fístula purulenta inguinal esquerda em contato com a prótese vascular. Optou-se pelo tratamento conservador, com desbridamento das feridas e aplicação de curativo a vácuo. A paciente evoluiu com melhora e cicatrização das feridas. Essa pode se constituir em ferramenta importante em casos similares.

Abstract Infections at the sites of surgery involving synthetic prostheses are challenging to treat. We present a case of a patient with multiple comorbidities who had undergone an aortobifemoral bypass 6 years previously and then re-intervention at the femoral anastomoses for restenosis 5 years previously. The patient presented with acute left inguinal pain and swelling and was diagnosed with a ruptured femoral pseudoaneurysm and hemodynamic instability. A repair was conducted by interposition of a silver-coated Dacron graft in the emergency room, and a large abdominal incisional hernia was repaired with synthetic mesh during the same intervention. After surgery, the patient remained intubated in intensive care for a long period. Meanwhile, she presented dehiscence of sutures and a left inguinal purulent fistula that was in contact with the vascular prosthesis. Conservative treatment was chosen, with debridement of wounds and vacuum therapy. The patient improved and the wounds healed. This could be an important tool in similar cases.

Correção endovascular de pseudoaneurisma toracoabdominal em paciente com Doença de Behçet / Endovascular repair of a thoracoabdominal pseudoaneurysm in a patient with Behçet’s disease

A Doença de Behçet é uma doença inflamatória caracterizada por úlceras genitais e orais recorrentes, uveítes e lesões cutâneas. O envolvimento arterial é raro, sendo mais comuns as degenerações aneurismáticas do que as oclusivas. Neste caso clínico, paciente do sexo feminino, em tratamento de doença de Behçet havia 20 anos, iniciou com dor abdominal progressiva por dois meses, com piora súbita importante, foi submetida à tomografia computadorizada, que mostrou pseudoaneurisma toracoabdominal. A paciente foi submetida a tratamento endovascular com sucesso.

Behçet’s disease is an inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis and skin lesions. Arterial involvement is rare, but when present aneurysmal degeneration is more common than occlusive disease. This report describes the clinical case of a female patient who had been receiving treatment for Behçet’s disease for twenty years before presenting with abdominal pain that progressed for 2 months before suddenly worsening significantly. A CT scan revealed a thoracoabdominal pseudoaneurysm. She was successfully treated with endovascular repair.

Unfavorable iliac artery anatomy causing access limitations during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: application of the endoconduit technique / Tratamento endovascular do aneurisma de aorta abdominal associado à dificuldade no acesso aórtico devido a artérias ilíacas de pequeno calibre: aplicação técnica do Endoconduíte

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is already considered the first choice treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Several different strategies have been used to address limitations to arterial access caused by unfavorable iliac artery anatomy. The aim of this report is to illustrate the advantages and limitations of each option and present the results of using the internal endoconduit technique and the difficulties involved.

O tratamento endovascular para aneurisma de aorta abdominal (AAA) já está bastante difundido, sendo considerado como primeira escolha na maioria dos casos. Limitações no acesso pelas artérias ilíacas tortuosas, com estenoses, calibre pequeno ou doença oclusiva já foram contornadas com o uso de condutos, dissecção direta aortoilíaca, angioplastias, entre outros procedimentos. O objetivo deste desafio é mostrar as vantagens e limitações de cada alternativa, além de apresentar o resultado e as dificuldades com o endoconduíte.

Endovascular repair of a juxtarenal saccular aneurysm using the Multilayer Flow Modulator: report of the first case performed in a Public Hospital in Brazil / Tratamento de aneurisma de aorta sacular justarrenal com Multilayer Flow Modulator: relato do primeiro caso realizado em Hospital Público no Brasil

Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), involving the exits of the renal and visceral arteries still constitutes a considerable challenge. Many different techniques have been developed over the years in attempts to surmount the difficulties presented by these cases. Techniques that have gained prominence include fenestrated or branched stents, methods involving parallel prostheses, such as the chimney, periscope and sandwich techniques, and, more recently, flow modulation with Multilayer stents. We describe a case of a complex juxtarenal saccular AAA with a high surgical risk, both according to cardiological assessment and because the patient had a difficult airway caused by a total laryngectomy for early stage laryngeal neoplasm. In view of the technical simplicity of using Multilayer stents, the presence of chronic obstructive aortoiliac disease, ostial stenosis of the renal artery and a small diameter suprarenal aorta, options involving fenestrated/branched stents and techniques involving parallel prostheses were ruled out, because of the need for multiple accesses. In view of the dilemma it presented, we describe this case as a therapeutic challenge and present the treatment option employed, which has been successful over the short term...

O tratamento endovascular de aneurismas de aorta abdominal (AAA), envolvendo a saída das artérias renais e viscerais, constitui ainda um importante desafio. Diversas técnicas foram desenvolvidas ao longo do tempo para contornar as dificuldades oferecidas por esta situação, destacando-se as endopróteses fenestradas ou ramificadas, as técnicas envolvendo próteses paralelas, como Chaminé, Periscópio e Sanduíche, e, mais recentemente, a utilização da modulação de fluxo por stent multicamadas Multilayer. Apresentamos um caso de AAA sacular complexo justarrenal e com alto risco cirúrgico pela avaliação cardiológica e por apresentar via aérea difícil, em decorrência de laringectomia total por antecedente de neoplasia de laringe. Devido à facilidade técnica do uso do Multilayer, à presença de doença obstrutiva crônica aorto-ilíaca, à estenose ostial renal e ao diâmetro limitado da aorta suprarrenal, descartaram-se as opções envolvendo endopróteses fenestradas/ramificadas ou técnicas envolvendo próteses paralelas, pela necessidade de diversos acessos para a execução. Diante do dilema imposto, apresentamos este caso como desafio terapêutico e com uma opção de tratamento bem sucedida, em curto prazo...