ABSTRACT
The composition of influenza vaccines is updated annually. To ensure vaccine safety, the coverage and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of 6 manufacturers of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV3) need to be evaluated. In January 2022, we analyzed data from more than 1.59 million children in the Childhood Vaccination Information Management System and the AEFI Surveillance Information Management System and evaluated influenza vaccines for children aged 6 to 35 months in Guangzhou from 2016/17 to 2019/20 Vaccination rates and AEFI reporting rates. From 2016/17 to 2019/20, the 1-dose influenza vaccination rate was 25.0% (range: 20.7%-30.2%), and the 2-dose (full course) influenza vaccination rate was 21.6% (range: 17.7%-26.4%). The full vaccination coverage rate has trended down since 2017/2018 (2017/18: 26.0%; 2018/19: 8.3; 2019/20: 17.7%). Fifty-two cases (13.1/100 000) and 24 cases (6.9/100 000) received AEFI reports for 1 dose and 2 doses, respectively, mainly due to fever ≥38.6°C (39 cases for 1 dose, 9.8/100 000; 15 cases for 2 dose, 4.3/100 000) and allergic rash (9 cases with 1 dose, 2.3/100 000; 5 cases with 2 doses, 1.4/100 000). Patients who received A and F manufacturers were more likely to report side effects. The safety of influenza vaccines from 6 manufacturers is good, and it is necessary to improve the recommended information on influenza vaccines to dispel people's concerns and increase the vaccination rate.
Subject(s)
Exanthema , Influenza Vaccines , Influenza, Human , Vaccination Coverage , Vaccines, Inactivated , Child , Humans , Infant , Exanthema/chemically induced , Immunization , Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Vaccination , Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Background: Since 2016, China has approved the use of inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines produced by three manufacturers. The coverage and safety of different EV71 vaccines need to be evaluated.Research design and methods: The EV71 vaccination and AEFI data were collected from the Guangzhou Children's Vaccination Information Report Management System and the China AEFI Monitoring Information Management System, and the EV71 vaccine coverage rate and the AEFI incidence rate were analyzed.Results: From 2016 to 2019, the number of people who should have been vaccinated in Guangzhou was 2,781,618, and the coverage rates for doses 1 and 2 were 24.71% and 19.44%, respectively. The inoculation rates of vaccines from manufacturers A and B were between 3.03 and 10.46%. The reported incidence of AEFIs was 11.97 per 100,000 (147 cases), with fever (106 cases, 8.63 per 100,000) and allergic rash (59 cases, 4.80 per 100,000) being the most common reactions. There were no differences in the AEFI responses to the EV71 vaccines from the three manufacturers.Conclusion: The EV71 vaccines from the three manufacturers have good safety, but the EV71 vaccine coverage rate is low. It is recommended that vaccine publicity be strengthened and that the vaccine coverage rate in children be increased.
Subject(s)
Enterovirus A, Human , Enterovirus , Child , Humans , Immunization , Vaccination , Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The DTaP-IPV/Hib combination vaccine can replace the acellular tetanus vaccine, polio vaccine, and the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. Data on the safety of DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccines are required. We aimed to evaluate the safety of the vaccination program. METHODS: Using the National Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) surveillance system (CNAEFIS) in Guangzhou, China, a retrospective study was performed from May 11, 2011, to December 31, 2017. There were 376 cases of adverse events after vaccination with the DTaP IPV/Hib vaccine. The primary analysis indicators were the number of vaccines used, the number of AEFI reports received, and the reporting rate (per 100,000). RESULTS: From May 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017, 516,000 doses of vaccine were inoculated, and 376 cases of adverse reactions were reported; the reporting rate was 72.8 per 100,000 vaccines. There were eight cases of serious AEFIs (1.5 per 100,000), with four cases of thrombocytopenic purpura (0.8 per 100,000); three cases of cyanosis of the lips, stiffness, and flexion of limbs, and convulsions (0.6 per 100,000); and one case of a high fever (0.2 per 100,000). The highest incidence of AEFIs occurred after the fourth dose (n = 207, 55.0%, 40.1 per 100,000), followed by the first dose (n = 81, 21.5%, 15.7 per 100,000), second dose (n = 48, 12.8%, 9.3 per 100,000) and third dose (n = 40, 10.6%, 7.7 per 100,000). The AEFI incidence was higher after injection of the vaccine into the deltoid muscle of the upper arm (n = 276, 73.4%, 53.5 per 100,000) than after injection of the vaccine into the thigh (n = 100, 26.6%, 19.4 per 100,000). There was a significant difference between AEFIs after injection into the deltoid of the upper arm deltoid and the thigh (x2 = 164.8, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the reported AEFIs after DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccination are not serious. There were four cases of TP in this study; vaccination may be a rare cause of thrombocytopenic purpura.
Subject(s)
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/pharmacology , Haemophilus Vaccines/pharmacology , Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/pharmacology , China , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/adverse effects , Female , Haemophilus Vaccines/adverse effects , Haemophilus influenzae type b/immunology , Humans , Infant , Male , Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/adverse effects , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic/chemically induced , Retrospective Studies , Tetanus/prevention & control , Vaccines, Conjugate/adverse effects , Vaccines, Conjugate/pharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To detect serve acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-like-CoV in fruit bats captured in Guangzhou and its vicinity. METHODS: Totally 927 bats of 9 species (Cynopterus sphinx, Rousettus leschenaulti, Miniopterus schreibersi, Hipposideros pratti, Rhinolophusasinicus, Scotophilusakuhlii, Hipposideros Pomona, Rhinolophus affinis, and Rhinolophus pusillus) captured in Guangzhou and its vicinity from September 2004 to November 2005 were available for this investigation, from which 3,043 samples (813 throat swasb, 524 sera, 853 lung tissues and 853 colorectal tissue specimens) were obtained. SARS-Cov and SARS-like-CoV were detected in these specimens using diagnostic kit for novel coronavirus N protein (ELISA), SARS-CoV Virus RNA detection kit, fluorescence PCR, Genchip, RT-PCR and cell isolation culture methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No SARS-CoV and SARS-like-CoV were detected in the 3043 samples, indicating the current absence of SARS-CoV and SARS-like-CoV in the bats captured in Guangzhou and its vicinity.
Subject(s)
Chiroptera/virology , Disease Vectors , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/isolation & purification , Animals , China/epidemiology , Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism , RNA, Viral/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/genetics , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/metabolism , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/transmission , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To isolate and identify nisin resistance determinant (NSR) gene from Lactococcus lactis. METHODS: The Lactococcus lactis strains harboring NSR gene were isolated from different milk samples by selective culture supplemented with nisin and confirmed by PCR detection of 16S rRNA. Nisin resistance determinant gene was determined by PCR amplification, enzyme digestion and sequencing. RESULTS: Thirty nisin-resistant Lactococcus lactis strains from fresh milk samples were obtained. Three of these strains contained NSR gene of about 1000 bp as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and further confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. The NSR gene was located on the plasmid of Lactococcus lactis. CONCLUSION: Complete NSR gene, located on the bacterial plasmid, has been successfully isolated from nisin-resistant Lactococcus lactis strains from fresh milk.