Self-Assembled Multilayer-Modified Needles Simulate Acupuncture and Diclofenac Sodium Delivery for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

A novel therapeutic approach combining acupuncture and diclofenac sodium (DS) administration was established for the potential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DS is a commonly used anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug but has short duration and adverse effects. Acupoints are critical linkages in the meridian system and are potential candidates for drug delivery. Herein, we fabricated a DS-loaded multilayer-modified acupuncture needle (DS-MMAN) and investigated its capacity for inhibiting RA. This DS-MMAN possesses sustained release properties and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. Experimental results showed that the DS-MMAN with microdoses can enhance analgesia and efficiently relieve joint swelling compared to the oral or intra-articular administration of DS with gram-level doses. Moreover, the combination of acupoint and DS exerts a synergistic improvement in inflammation and joint damage. Cytokine and T cell analyses in the serum indicated that the application of DS-MMAN suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory factors and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, the acupoint administration via DS-MMAN could decrease the accumulation of DS in the liver and kidneys, which may express better therapeutic efficiency and low toxicity. The present study demonstrated that the acupuncture needle has the potential to build a bridge between acupuncture and medication, which would be a promising alternative to the combination of traditional and modern medicine.

Energy Band Specific to Injected Li-Ion-Induced Formation of Lithium Dendrites in Garnet Solid Electrolytes.

As one of the most significant challenges in solid-state batteries, thorough investigation is necessary on the formation process of lithium dendrites in solid-state electrolytes. Here, we reveal that the growth of lithium dendrites in solid electrolytes is a physical-electrochemical reaction process caused by injected lithium ions and electron carriers, which requires a low electrochemical potential. A unique energy band specific to injected Li ions is identified at the bottom of the conduction band, which can be occupied by electron carriers from low-potential electrodes, leading to dendrite formation. In this case, it is quantitatively determined that the employed anodes with higher working voltages (>0.2 V versus Li/Li+) can effectively prevent dendrite formation. Moreover, lithium dendrite formation exclusively occurs during the charging process (i.e., lithium plating), where lithium ions meet electrons at mixed conductive grain boundaries under highly reductive potentials. The proposed model has significant scientific significance and application value.

Mechanochemically Robust LiCoO2 with Ultrahigh Capacity and Prolonged Cyclability.

Pushing intercalation-type cathode materials to their theoretical capacity often suffers from fragile Li-deficient frameworks and severe lattice strain, leading to mechanical failure issues within the crystal structure and fast capacity fading. This is particularly pronounced in layered oxide cathodes because the intrinsic nature of their structures is susceptible to structural degradation with excessive Li extraction, which remains unsolved yet despite attempts involving elemental doping and surface coating strategies. Herein, a mechanochemical strengthening strategy is developed through a gradient disordering structure to address these challenges and push the LiCoO2 (LCO) layered cathode approaching the capacity limit (256 mAh g-1, up to 93% of Li utilization). This innovative approach also demonstrates exceptional cyclability and rate capability, as validated in practical Ah-level pouch full cells, surpassing the current performance benchmarks. Comprehensive characterizations with multiscale X-ray, electron diffraction, and imaging techniques unveil that the gradient disordering structure notably diminishes the anisotropic lattice strain and exhibits high fatigue resistance, even under extreme delithiation states and harsh operating voltages. Consequently, this designed LCO cathode impedes the growth and propagation of particle cracks, and mitigates irreversible phase transitions. This work sheds light on promising directions toward next-generation high-energy-density battery materials through structural chemistry design.

Mesenteric Lymphatic B Cells Migrate to the Intestine and Aggravate DSS-Induced Colitis via the CXCR5-CXCL13 Axis.

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unknown. Mesenteric lymphatics (MLs), which are closely related to the intestine in both anatomy and physiology, have been suggested to be involved in IBD. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effects of ML immune cells on IBD and explore the potential associated mechanisms. Acute colitis was induced in rats using dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS). Mesenteric lymphangiogenesis, ML stenosis, and dilation were observed, with an increased proportion of MLB cells in DSS-induced colitis rats. The adoptive transfer of B cells isolated from ML (MLB) was employed to investigate their effects on colitis. MLB cells derived from DSS-induced colitis rats exhibited a higher propensity to migrate to the intestine. The proportion of colonic T cells was altered, along with the aggravated colitis induced by the adoptive transfer of MLB cells derived from DSS-induced colitis rats. RNA sequencing revealed increased Cxcr5 expression in MLB cells from colitis rats, while real-time PCR indicated an upregulation of its ligand Cxcl13 in the colon of colitis rats. These findings suggest that MLB cells may migrate to the intestine and aggravate colitis. In summary, colonic T cells respond to MLB cells from colitis rats, and MLB cells aggravate DSS-induced colitis via the CXCR5-CXCL13 axis.

Doxorubicin-based ENO1 targeted drug delivery strategy enhances therapeutic efficacy against colorectal cancer.

Alpha-enolase (ENO1), a multifunctional protein with carcinogenic properties, has emerged as a promising cancer biomarker because of its differential expression in cancer and normal cells. On the basis of this characteristic, we designed a cell-targeting peptide that specifically targets ENO1 and connected it with the drug doxorubicin (DOX) by aldehyde-amine condensation. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay showed that the affinity for ENO1 was stronger (KD = 2.5 µM) for the resulting cell-targeting drug, DOX-P, than for DOX. Moreover, DOX-P exhibited acid-responsive capabilities, enabling precise release at the tumor site under the guidance of the homing peptide and alleviating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. An efficacy experiment confirmed that, the targeting ability of DOX-P toward ENO1 demonstrated superior antitumor activity against colorectal cancer than that of DOX, while reducing its toxicity to cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, in vivo metabolic distribution results indicated low accumulation of DOX-P in nontumor sites, further validating its targeting ability. These results showed that the ENO1-targeted DOX-P peptide has great potential for application in targeted drug-delivery systems for colorectal cancer therapy.

Sequential co-reduction of nitrate and carbon dioxide enables selective urea electrosynthesis.

Despite the recent achievements in urea electrosynthesis from co-reduction of nitrogen wastes (such as NO3-) and CO2, the product selectivity remains fairly mediocre due to the competing nature of the two parallel reduction reactions. Here we report a catalyst design that affords high selectivity to urea by sequentially reducing NO3- and CO2 at a dynamic catalytic centre, which not only alleviates the competition issue but also facilitates C-N coupling. We exemplify this strategy on a nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst, where a spontaneous switch between NO3- and CO2 reduction paths is enabled by reversible hydrogenation on the nitrogen functional groups. A high urea yield rate of 596.1 µg mg-1 h-1 with a promising Faradaic efficiency of 62% is obtained. These findings, rationalized by in situ spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations, are rooted in the proton-involved dynamic catalyst evolution that mitigates overwhelming reduction of reactants and thereby minimizes the formation of side products.

Salvia miltiorrhiza augments endothelial cell function for ischemic hindlimb recovery.

Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza) root, as a traditional herb, is widely applied to pharmacotherapy for vascular system disease. In this study, we elucidate the therapy mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza by using a model of hindlimb ischemia. Blood perfusion measurement showed that intravenous administration of the Water Extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (WES) could facilitate damaged hindlimb blood flow recovery and blood vessel regeneration. In vitro mRNA screen assay in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) show that WES induced increased NOS3, VEGFA, and PLAU mRNA levels. Endothelial NOS (eNOS) promotor reporter analysis revealed that WES and the major ingredients danshensu (DSS) could enhance eNOS promoter activity. Additionally, we found that WES and its ingredients, including DSS, protocatechuic aldehyde (PAI), and salvianolic acid A (SaA), promoted HUVECs growth by the endothelial cell viability assays. A mechanistic approach confirmed that WES augments HUVECs proliferation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathway. This study reveals that WES promotes ischemic remodeling and angiogenesis through its multiple principal ingredients, which target and regulate multiple sites of the network of the blood vessel endothelial cell regenerating process.

Structural Understanding for High-Voltage Stabilization of Lithium Cobalt Oxide.

The rapid development of modern consumer electronics is placing higher demands on the lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2 ; LCO) cathode that powers them. Increasing operating voltage is exclusively effective in boosting LCO capacity and energy density but is inhibited by the innate high-voltage instability of the LCO structure that serves as the foundation and determinant of its electrochemical behavior in lithium-ion batteries. This has stimulated extensive research on LCO structural stabilization. Here, it is focused on the fundamental structural understanding of LCO cathode from long-term studies. Multi-scale structures concerning LCO bulk and surface and various structural issues along with their origins and corresponding stabilization strategies with specific mechanisms are uncovered and elucidated at length, which will certainly deepen and advance the knowledge of LCO structure and further its inherent relationship with electrochemical performance. Based on these understandings, remaining questions and opportunities for future stabilization of the LCO structure are also emphasized.

Revealing the Grain-Boundary-Cracking Induced Capacity Decay of a High-Voltage LiCoO2 at 4.6 V.

During a practical battery manufacture process, the LiCoO2 (LCO) electrodes are usually rolled with high pressure to achieve better performance, including reducing electrode polarization, increasing compact density, enhancing mechanical toughness, etc. In this work, a high-voltage LCO (HV-LCO) is achieved via modulating a commercialized LCO with an Al/F enriched and spinel reinforced surface structure. We reveal that the rolling can more or less introduce risk of grain-boundary-cracking (GBC) inside the HV-LCO and accelerate the capacity decay when cycled at 3-4.6 V vs Li/Li+. In particular, the concept of interface structure is proposed to explain the reason for the deteriorated cycle stability. As the GBC is generated, the interface structure of HV-LCO alters from a surface spinel phase to a hybrid of surface spinel plus boundary layer phases, leading to the exposure of some the nonprotective layer phase against the electrolyte. This alternation causes serious bulk structure damage upon cycles, including expanding GBC among the primary crystals, forming intragranular cracks and inactive spinel phases inside the bulk regions, etc., eventually leading to the deteriorated cycle stability. Above all, we realize that it is far from enough to achieve a eligible high-voltage LCO via only applying surface modification. This work provides a new insight for developing more advanced LCO cathodes.

Hepatocyte-secreted FAM3D ameliorates hepatic steatosis by activating FPR1-hnRNP U-GR-SCAD pathway to enhance lipid oxidation.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. FAM3D is a member of the FAM3 family; however, its role in hepatic glycolipid metabolism remains unknown. Serum FAM3D levels are positively correlated with fasting blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Hepatocytes express and secrete FAM3D, and its expression is increased in steatotic human and mouse livers. Hepatic FAM3D overexpression ameliorated hyperglycemia and steatosis in obese mice, whereas FAM3D-deficient mice exhibited exaggerated hyperglycemia and steatosis after high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding. In cultured hepatocytes, FAM3D overexpression or recombinant FAM3D protein (rFAM3D) treatment reduced gluconeogenesis and lipid deposition, which were blocked by anti-FAM3D antibodies or inhibition of its receptor, formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). FPR1 overexpression suppressed gluconeogenesis and reduced lipid deposition in wild hepatocytes but not in FAM3D-deficient hepatocytes. The addition of rFAM3D restored FPR1's inhibitory effects on gluconeogenesis and lipid deposition in FAM3D-deficient hepatocytes. Hepatic FPR1 overexpression ameliorated hyperglycemia and steatosis in obese mice. RNA sequencing and DNA pull-down revealed that the FAM3D-FPR1 axis upregulated the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP U), which recruits the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to the promoter region of the short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) gene, promoting its transcription to enhance lipid oxidation. Moreover, FAM3D-FPR1 axis also activates calmodulin-Akt pathway to suppress gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. In conclusion, hepatocyte-secreted FAM3D activated the FPR1-hnRNP U-GR-SCAD pathway to enhance lipid oxidation in hepatocytes. Under obesity conditions, increased hepatic FAM3D expression is a compensatory mechanism against dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism.

In situ BaSO4 coating enabled activation-free and ultra-stable δ-MnO2 for aqueous Zn-ion batteries.

In situ BaSO4 coating, generated in the first discharging of Ba2+ pre-intercalated δ-MnO2, shortens the activation process by inducing fast proton intercalation and stabilizes the MnO2 crystal by suppressing Mn dissolution. The cathode delivers a decent electrochemical performance of 210 mA h g-1 at 1C with a 98% retention after 200 cycles.

Jasminoidin and ursodeoxycholic acid exert synergistic effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via Dectin-1-induced NF-κB activation pathway.

BACKGROUND: Jasminoidin (JA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UA) were shown to act synergistically against ischemic stroke (IS) in our previous studies. PURPOSE: To investigate the holistic synergistic mechanism of JA and UA on cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Middle cerebral artery obstruction reperfusion (MCAO/R) mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of JA, UA, and JA combined with UA (JU) using neurological function testing and infarct volume examination. High-throughput RNA-seq combined with computational prediction and function-integrated analysis was conducted to gain insight into the comprehensive mechanism of synergy. The core mechanism was validated using western blotting. RESULTS: JA and UA synergistically reduced cerebral infarct volume and alleviated neurological deficits and pathological changes in MCAO/R mice. A total of 1437, 396, 1080, and 987 differentially expressed genes were identified in the vehicle, JA, UA, and JU groups, respectively. A strong synergistic effect between JA and UA was predicted using chemical similarity analysis, target profile comparison, and semantic similarity analysis. As the 'long-tail' drugs, the top 20 gene ontology (GO) biological processes of JA, UA, and JU groups primarily reflected inflammatory response and regulation of cytokine production, with specific GO terms of JU revealing enhanced regulation on immune response and tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production. Comparably, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling of common targets of JA, UA, and JU focused on extracellular matrix organization and signaling by interleukins, immune system, phagosomes, and lysosomes, which interlock and interweave to produce the synergistic effects of JU. The characteristic signaling pathway identified for JU highlighted the crosstalk between autophagy activation and inflammatory pathways, especially the Dectin-1-induced NF-κB activation pathway, which was validated by in vivo experiments. CONCLUSIONS: JA and UA can synergistically protect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating Dectin-1-induced NF-κB activation. The strategy integrating high throughput data with computational models enables ever-finer mapping of 'long-tail' drugs to dynamic variations in condition-specific omics to clarify synergistic mechanisms.

Promoting Surface Electric Conductivity for High-Rate LiCoO2.

The cathode materials work as the host framework for both Li+ diffusion and electron transport in Li-ion batteries. The Li+ diffusion property is always the research focus, while the electron transport property is less studied. Herein, we propose a unique strategy to elevate the rate performance through promoting the surface electric conductivity. Specifically, a disordered rock-salt phase was coherently constructed at the surface of LiCoO2 , promoting the surface electric conductivity by over one magnitude. It increased the effective voltage (Veff ) imposed in the bulk, thus driving more Li+ extraction/insertion and making LiCoO2 exhibit superior rate capability (154 mAh g-1 at 10 C), and excellent cycling performance (93 % after 1000 cycles at 10 C). The universality of this strategy was confirmed by another surface design and a simulation. Our findings provide a new angle for developing high-rate cathode materials by tuning the surface electron transport property.

Design of an Injectable Magnetic Hydrogel Based on the Tumor Microenvironment for Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy.

Conventional tumor chemotherapy is limited by its low therapeutic efficacy and side effects, which severely hold back its further application. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanomaterials have attracted wide interest in cancer treatment; especially, the system can realize efficient synergistic therapies. Here, we designed a smart hydrogel drug delivery system with multiple responses to enhance the tumor treatment effect. By cross-linking oxidized hydroxypropyl cellulose with carboxymethyl chitosan, an injectable hydrogel was obtained, into which artesunate (ART), ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, and black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) were preloaded. This DDS has multiple functions including magnetic targeting, pH sensitivity, chemodynamic therapy, and photothermal response. This nanoparticle-composited hydrogel not only preserved excellent rheological properties but also allowed for an accurate stable drug release at tumor sites and synergistic effects of multiple therapies. The in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that this DDS could efficiently eliminate the HepG2 tumor with good biocompatibility. Taken together, this study clarifies the possible antitumor mechanism of this ART-loaded nanoparticle-composited hydrogel and provides a new strategy for synergistic photothermal-chemo-chemodynamic therapy.

Factors contributing to rill erosion of forest roads in a mountainous watershed.

Forest roads are a major source of and transport pathway for eroded sediments in mountainous watersheds. When rills develop on these roads' surfaces, they amplify sediment erosion. Best management practices can decrease sediment erosion, but in order to efficiently implement these practices it is necessary to determine which factors have the most influence on rill development on forest roads. Despite this need, there is scarce literature on rill development on forest roads. To fill this gap in knowledge, based on field survey and multivariate statistical methods including redundancy analysis (RDA) and variation partitioning analysis (VPA), we investigated unpaved forest roads in the Xiangchagou watershed in China and quantified the extent to which various factors influenced rill formation. Specifically, we studied how rill erosion intensity (REI) and rill morphological characteristics (like rill length, mean width and depth, density, and severity of fragmentation) varied along the slope of a forest road. We also introduced the concept of a road's hydrological constituents (its upslope catchment, surface, and cutslopes), and determined how much each constituent contributed to REI. We found that REI and morphological characteristics decreased moving from the upper portion of road segment downward, implying that rills developed more intensely uphill. Additionally, REI increased exponentially with rill width, density, and severity of fragmentation, and increase linearly with length and depth. Conversely, REI decreased exponentially with rill width-depth ratio. These relationships suggest that the morphological characteristics of rills could be used to predict the REI of a given road segment. Finally, we found that the road characteristics that best predicted rill formation included catchment area, cutslope area, and gravel bareness. Correspondingly, the upslope catchment, cutslopes, and road surface contributed 11.56%, 30.83%, and 8.23% of the variation in REI and morphological characteristics. The interaction between upslope catchment and road surface explained 19.89% of the variation. These results suggest that when best management practices are implemented to decrease erosion caused by forest roads in mountainous watersheds, they should integrate these hydrological constituents of a road.

Infection Microenvironment-Sensitive Photothermal Nanotherapeutic Platform to Inhibit Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can induce multiple inflammations. The biofilm formed by MRSA is resistant to a variety of antibiotics and is extremely difficult to cure, which seriously threatens human health. Herein, a nanoparticle encapsulating berberine with polypyrrole core and pH-sensitive shell to provide chemo-photothermal dual therapy for MRSA infection is reported. By integrating photothermal agent polypyrrole, berberine, acid-degradable crosslinker, and acid-induced charge reversal polymer, the nanoparticle exhibited highly efficient MRSA infection treatment. In normal uninfected areas and bloodstream, nanoparticles showed negatively charged, demonstrating high biocompatibility and excellent hemocompatibility. However, once arriving at the MRSA infection site, the nanoparticle can penetrate and accumulate in the biofilm within 2 h. Simultaneously, berberine can be released into biofilm rapidly. Under the combined effect of photothermal response and berberine inhibition, 88.7% of the biofilm is removed at 1000 µg mL-1 . Moreover, the nanoparticles have an excellent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation, the biofilm inhibition capacity can reach up to 90.3%. Taken together, this pH-tunable nanoparticle can be employed as a new generation treatment strategy to fight against the fast-growing MRSA infection.

Emerging biotechnology applications in natural product and synthetic pharmaceutical analyses.

Pharmaceutical analysis is a discipline based on chemical, physical, biological, and information technologies. At present, biotechnological analysis is a short branch in pharmaceutical analysis; however, bioanalysis is the basis and an important part of medicine. Biotechnological approaches can provide information on biological activity and even clinical efficacy and safety, which are important characteristics of drug quality. Because of their advantages in reflecting the overall biological effects or functions of drugs and providing visual and intuitive results, some biotechnological analysis methods have been gradually applied to pharmaceutical analysis from raw material to manufacturing and final product analysis, including DNA super-barcoding, DNA-based rapid detection, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, hyperspectral imaging combined with artificial intelligence, 3D biologically printed organoids, omics-based artificial intelligence, microfluidic chips, organ-on-a-chip, signal transduction pathway-related reporter gene assays, and the zebrafish thrombosis model. The applications of these emerging biotechniques in pharmaceutical analysis have been discussed in this review.

Genome-wide identification and transcriptional profiling analysis of PIN/PILS auxin transporter gene families in Panax ginseng.

Objective: Plant hormones act as chemical messengers in the regulation of plant development and metabolism. The production of ginsenosides in Panax hybrid is promoted by auxins that are transported and accumulated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) and PIN-LIKES (PILS) auxin transporters. However, genome-wide studies of PIN/PILS of ginseng are still scarce. In current study, identification and transcriptional profiling of PIN/PILS gene families, as well as their potential relationship with ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng were investigated. Methods: PIN/PILS genes in P. ginseng was identified via in silico genome-wide analysis, followed by phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, and protein profiles investigation. Moreover, previously reported RNA-sequence data from various tissues and roots after infection were utilized for PIN/PILS genes expression pattern analysis. The Pearson's correlation analysis of specific PIN/PILS genes expression level and main ginsenoside contents were taken to reveal the potential relationship between auxin transports and ginsenoside biosynthesis in P. ginseng. Results: A genome-wide search of P. ginseng genome for homologous auxin transporter genes identified a total of 17 PIN and 11 PILS genes. Sequence alignment, putative motif organization, and sub-cellular localization indicated redundant and complementary biological functions of these PIN/PILS genes. Most PIN/PILS genes were differentially expressed in a tissue-specific manner, and showed significant correlations with ginsenoside content correspondingly. Eight auxin transporter genes, including both PIN and PILS subfamily members, were positively correlated with ginsenoside content (cor > 0.60; P-value <0.05). The expression levels of eleven auxin transporter genes were increased dramatically in the early stage (0-0.5 DPI) after Cylindrocarpon destructans infection, accompanied with various overall expression patterns, implying the dynamic auxin transport in response to biotic stress. Conclusion: Based on the results, we speculate that the accumulation or depletion in temporal or spatial manner of auxin by PIN/PILS transporters involved in the regulation of HMGR activity and subsequent ginsenoside biosynthesis.

Relative contribution of multi-source water recharge to riparian wetlands along the lower Yellow River.

Rivers play a vital role in both the formation and maintenance of riparian wetland hydrology. However, few studies have focused on the response of water recharge of riparian wetlands to altered hydrological processes induced by water-sediment regulation practices. To fill this gap, our study investigated the contribution of multi-source water recharge of riparian wetlands in the lower Yellow River, as well as its influence both during and before the water-sediment regulation scheme of Xiaolangdi Dam. Our study is based on hydrochemistry and isotopic methods, using a Bayesian mixing model and artificial neutral network model. The results showed that riparian wetlands were fed by mixed sources, including groundwater, canals, the Yellow River, and precipitation. However, seasonal evaporation introduced additional variation, which affected the relative contribution of these sources across seasons. Among these sources, the Yellow River served as the main water source for recharging riparian wetlands, and its contribution varied both spatially and temporally (across seasons). Specifically, proximity of riparian wetlands was the primary factor explaining spatial variation in the contribution of Yellow River, while climatic (12.38%) and hydrological variabilities (87.62%) explained seasonal variation. Among these climatic and hydrological variables, suspended sediment content was the most important factor-with a relative contribution of 36.33%. By determining the contribution of the Yellow River to the recharge of riparian wetlands, our study has provided information which is beneficial to adaptive management of river-fed riparian wetlands, especially under the implementation of water-sediment regulation practices.