Taklimakanibacter deserti gen. nov., sp. nov. and Taklimakanibacter lacteus sp. nov., isolated from desert soil.

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, milk-white coloured, non-motile, short rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strains SYSU D60010T and SYSU D60012T, were isolated from sand samples collected from the Taklimakan Desert of Xinjiang Province in China. Both strains were positive for oxidase, catalase and nitrate reduction, but negative for amylase, H2S production, hydrolysis of gelatin and cellulase. Strains SYSU D60010T and SYSU D60012T grew well at 28 °C, at pH 7 and had the same NaCl tolerance range of 0-1 % (w/v). The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strains SYSU D60010T and SYSU D60012T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c), iso-C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, C16 : 0 and iso-C18 : 1 2-OH. Q-10 was the only respiratory ubiquinone. Strains SYSU D60010T and SYSU D60012T showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Aestuariivirga litoralis SYSU M10001T (94.2 and 94.1 %), Rhodoligotrophos jinshengii BUT-3T (92.0 and 91.9 %) and Rhodoligotrophos appendicifer 120-1T (91.8 and 91.7 %), and the genomes were 7.4 and 5.8 Mbp in size with DNA G+C contents of 62.8 and 63.0 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicated that these two strains represent a novel genus and two novel species within the family Aestuariivirgaceae. We propose the name Taklimakanibacter deserti gen. nov., sp. nov. for strain SYSU D60010T, representing the type strain of this species (=KCTC 52783T =NBRC 113344T) and Taklimakanibacter lacteus gen. nov., sp. nov. for strain SYSU D60012T, representing the type strain of this species (=KCTC 52785T=NBRC 113128T).

Desertibaculum subflavum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Sneathiellaceae isolated from the Kumtag Desert soil.

A novel rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain SYSU D60015T that formed yellowish colonies was isolated from a sandy soil collected from the Kumtag Desert in Xinjiang, China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative and motile with a single polar flagellum. Growth optimum occurred between 28 and 37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0-0.5% (W/V) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 5%) were summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), C19:0 cyclo ω8c, C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and C16:0. The polar lipid profile contained one phosphatidylethanolamine, one diphosphatidylglycerol, one phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and seven unidentified lipids. The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU D60015T was found to form a distinct linage within the family Sneathiellaceae, and had 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 90.8% to Taonella mepensis H1T, and 90.2% to Ferrovibrio denitrificans S3T. The genome of SYSU D60015T was 5.66 Mb in size with 68.2% of DNA G + C content. The low digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH, 18.0%), average nucleotide identity (ANI, 77.5%) and amino acid identity (AAI, 56.0%) values between SYSU D60015T and Ferrovibrio terrae K5T indicated that SYSU D60015T might represent a distinct genus. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic data, we propose Desertibaculum subflavum gen. nov., sp. nov. as a novel species of a new genus within the family Sneathiellaceae. The type strain is SYSU D60015T (= NBRC 112952T = CGMCC 1.16256T).

Actinotalea lenta sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from tidal flat sediment.

Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile, and short rod-shaped actinomycetes, named SYSU T00b441T and SYSU T00b490, were isolated from tidal flat sediment located in Guangdong province, PR China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between SYSU T00b441T and SYSU T00b490 were 99.3, 99.5 and 97.1 %, respectively. Strains SYSU T00b441T and SYSU T00b490 exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Actinotalea ferrariae CF 5-4T (97.1 %/98.2 %), with ANI values of 74.01/73.88 % and dDDH values of 20.5/20.4 %. In the phylogenomic tree, the two isolates were affiliated with the genus Actinotalea. The genomes of strains SYSU T00b441T and SYSU T00b490 were 3.31 and 3.34 Mb, and both had DNA G+C contents of 72.8 mol%, coding 3077 and 3085 CDSs, three and three rRNA genes, and 53 and 51 tRNAs, respectively. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 4.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %). The major fatty acids (>10  %) of strains SYSU T00b441T and SYSU T00b490 were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The major respiratory quinone was identified as MK-10(H4). The polar lipids of strains SYSU T00b441T and SYSU T00b490 were diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two glycolipids and two phospholipids. Based on these data, the two strains (SYSU T00b441T and SYSU T00b490) represent a novel species of the genus Actinotalea, for which the name Actinotalea lenta sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is SYSU T00b441T (=GDMCC 1.3827T=KCTC 49943T).

Self-Assembling Anti-Freezing Lamellar Nanostructures in Subzero Temperatures.

The requirement for cryogenic supramolecular self-assembly of amphiphiles in subzero environments is a challenging topic. Here, the self-assembly of lamellar lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are presented to a subzero temperature of -70 °C. These lamellar nanostructures are assembled from specifically tailored ultra-long-chain surfactant stearyl diethanolamine (SDA) in water/glycerol binary solvent. As the temperature falls below zero, LLCs with a liquid-crystalline Lα phase, a tilted Lß phase, and a new folded configuration are obtained consecutively. A comprehensive experimental and computational study is performed to uncover the precise microstructure and formation mechanism. Both the ultra-long alkyl chain and head group of SDA play a crucial role in the formation of lamellar nanostructures. SDA head group is prone to forming hydrogen bonds with water, rather than glycerol. Glycerol cannot penetrate the lipid layer, which mixes with water arranging outside of the lipid bilayer, providing an ideal anti-freezing environment for SDA self-assembly. Based on these nanostructures and the ultra-low freezing point of the system, a series of novel cryogenic materials are created with potential applications in extremely cold environments. These findings would contribute to enriching the theory and research methodology of supramolecular self-assembly in extreme conditions and to developing novel anti-freezing materials.

A comparative study of spectral and luminescent properties of Eu3+-doped cation-deficient perovskite phosphors.

Eu3+ is not only a major red-emitting activator, but also an excellent spectral probe ion. This work reports the Eu3+-sites and luminescence in the cation-deficient perovskite tungstates, A-site deficient SrLa2(Mg2W2)O12 [Sr1/2□1/2La(MgW)O6] and B-site deficient Sr2La2(MgW2)O12 [SrLa(Mg1/2□1/2W)O6]. The 7F0→5D0 excitation spectra of Eu3+ activators in two lattices were measured via pulsed dye laser. In SrLa2(Mg2W2)O12:Eu3+, there is only one 7F0→5D0 transition, which could be related to the Eu3+ center on La3+ sites; while, two 7F0→5D0 transitions in Sr2La2(MgW2)O12 indicate Eu3+ ions occupy Sr2+ in addition to La3+, resulting in the luminescent centers related to heterovalent substitution defects. The different Eu3+ sites make two phosphors exhibit different red luminescence properties. SrLa2(Mg2W2)O12:Eu3+ shows higher luminescent efficiency and thermal quenching due to its regular distribution of the activators resulting in lower dispersion losses of the energy transfer. The experimental results show that rare earth ions occupy different crystallographic positions in A-site and B-site deficient perovskite oxides, and this microstructure can be important for the corresponding luminescent properties.

A Generic Strategy to Stabilize Wide Bandgap Perovskites for Efficient Tandem Solar Cells.

Efficient wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are essential for fully maximizing the potential of tandem solar cells. However, these cells currently face challenges such as high photovoltage losses and the presence of phase segregation, which impede the attainment of their expected efficiency and stability. Herein, the root cause of halide segregation is investigated, uncovering a close association with the presence of locally aggregated lead iodide (PbI2 ), particularly at the perovskite/C60 interface. Kelvin-probe atomic force microscopy results indicate that the remaining PbI2 at the interface leads to potential electrical differences between the domain surface and boundaries, which drives the formation of halide segregation. By reacting the surface PbI2 residue with ethanediamine dihydroiodide (EDAI2 ) at proper temperature, it is possible to effectively mitigate the phase segregation. By applying this surface reaction strategy in WBG inverted cells, a notable improvement of ≈100 mV is achieved in photovoltage over a wide range of WBG cells (1.67-1.78 eV), resulting in a champion efficiency of 23.1% (certified 22.95%) for 1.67 eV cells and 19.7% (certified 18.81%) for 1.75 eV cells. Furthermore, efficiency of 26.1% is demonstrated in a monolithic all-perovskite tandem cell.

Silk Fibroin-Regulated Nanochannels for Flexible Hydrovoltaic Ion Sensing.

The evaporation-induced hydrovoltaic effect based on ion-selective nanochannels can theoretically be employed for high-performance ion sensing; yet, the indeterminate ion-sensing properties and the acquisition of high sensing performance are rarely explored. Herein, a controllable nanochannel regulation strategy for flexible hydrovoltaic devices with highly sensitive ion-sensing abilities is presented across a wide concentration range. By multiple dip-coating of silk fibroin (SF) on an electrospinning nylon-66 nanofiber (NNF) film, the surface polarity enhancement, the fibers size regulation with a precision of ≈25 nm, and the nanostructure firm binding are achieved simultaneously. The resultant flexible freestanding hydrovoltaic device exhibits an open circuit voltage up to 4.82 V in deionized water, a wide ion sensing range of 10-7 to 100 m, and ultrahigh sensitivity as high as 1.37 V dec-1, which is significantly higher than the sensitivity of the traditional solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs). The fabricated flexible ion-sensitive hydrovoltaic device is successfully applied for wearable human sweat electrolyte sensing and for environmental trace-ion monitoring, thereby confirming the potential application of the hydrovoltaic effect for ion sensing.

In Situ Interfacial Polymerized Arginine-Doped Polydopamine Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes for High-Separation and Antifouling Reverse Osmosis.

In this work, we synthesized polydopamine nanoparticles (PDNPs-M, M = I, II, III, and IV) with uniform particle sizes but varying l-arginine (Arg) contents (0%, 0.53%, 3.73%, and 6.62%) through a one-pot synthesis approach. Thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes were fabricated via in situ interfacial polymerization (IP). The effects of the PDNPs-M chemical structure on the IP process and the consequent impacts on the structure and properties of the polyamide (PA) selective layer were investigated. The hydrophilicity and dispersibility of PDNPs-M exhibited an upward trend with the Arg content. Furthermore, Arg doping contributes to a denser and smoother PA layer. Among the TFC and TFN membranes, TFN-PDNPs-IV exhibited a water permeability of 3.89 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1 (55.1% higher than that of TFC-0) with a NaCl rejection rate of 98.8%, signifying superior water/salt selectivity. Additionally, TFN-PDNPs-IV exhibited regular pressure stability, commendable acid/alkali stability, and enhanced antifouling properties. These findings highlight the significant impact of nanoparticle hydrophilic functional groups on the structural and functional attributes of TFN membranes, offering a promising approach for developing advanced reverse osmosis membranes.

Danxiaibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Chitinophagaceae isolated from forest soil on Danxia Mountain.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, yellow bacterium, designated SYSU DXS3180T, was isolated from forest soil of Danxia Mountain in PR China. Growth occurred at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-2.0 % NaCl (optimum, 0-0.5 %, w/v). Strain SYSU DXS3180T was positive for hydrolysis of Tween 20, Tween 60, Tween 80 and starch, but negative for urease, H2S production, nitrate reduction, Tween 40 and gelatin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences showed that SYSU DXS3180T belonged to the family Chitinophagaceae. The closely related members were Foetidibacter luteolus YG09T (94.2 %), Limnovirga soli KCS-6T (93.9 %) and Filimonas endophytica SR 2-06T (93.7 %). The genome of strain SYSU DXS3180T was 7287640 bp with 5782 protein-coding genes, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 41.4 mol%. The main respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified polar lipids. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SYSU DXS3180T is proposed to represent a novel species of a novel genus named Danxiaibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., within the family Chitinophagaceae. The type strain is SYSU DXS3180T (=KCTC 92895T=GDMCC 1.3825 T).

Lifestyle-based nomogram for identifying the Chaoshan inhabitants of China at high risk of Helicobacter pylori infection.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is associated with various diseases. Early detection can prevent the onset of illness. We constructed a nomogram to predict groups at high risk of HP infection. METHODS: Patients who underwent regular medical check-ups at hospital in Chaoshan, China from March to September 2022 were randomly allocated to the training and validation cohorts. Risk factors including basic characteristics and lifestyle habits associated with HP infection were analyzed by logistic regression analyses. The independent varieties were calculated and plotted into a nomogram. The nomogram was internally validated by receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration, and decision curve analyses (DCAs). RESULTS: Of the 945 patients, 680 were included in the training cohort and 265 in the validation cohort. 356 patients in training cohort with positive 13 C-UBT results served as the infected group, and 324 without infection were the control group. The multivariate regression analyses showed that the risk factors for HP infection included alcohol consumption (OR = 1.29, 95%CI = 0.78-2.13, P = 0.03), family history of gastric disease (OR = 4.35, 95%CI = 1.47-12.84, P = 0.01), living with an HP-positive individual (OR = 18.09, 95%CI = 10.29-31.82, P < 0.0001), drinking hot tea (OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.05-2.48, P = 0.04), and infection status of co-drinkers unknown (OR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.04-5.06, P = 0.04). However, drinking tea > 3 times per day (OR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.33-0.95, P = 0.03), using serving chopsticks (OR = 0.30, 95%CI = 0.12-0.49, P < 0.0001) were protective factors for HP infection. The nomogram had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 in the training cohort. The DCA was above the reference line within a large threshold range, indicating that the model was better. The calibration analyses showed the actual occurrence rate was basically consistent with the predicted occurrence rate. The model was validated in the validation cohort, and had a good AUC (0.80), DCA and calibration curve results. CONCLUSIONS: This nomogram, which incorporates basic characteristics and lifestyle habits, is an efficient model for predicting those at high risk of HP infection in the Chaoshan region.

Explicable Fine-Grained Aircraft Recognition Via Deep Part Parsing Prior Framework for High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery.

Aircraft recognition is crucial in both civil and military fields, and high-spatial resolution remote sensing has emerged as a practical approach. However, existing data-driven methods fail to locate discriminative regions for effective feature extraction due to limited training data, leading to poor recognition performance. To address this issue, we propose a knowledge-driven deep learning method called the explicable aircraft recognition framework based on a part parsing prior (APPEAR). APPEAR explicitly models the aircraft's rigid structure as a pixel-level part parsing prior, dividing it into five parts: 1) the nose; 2) left wing; 3) right wing; 4) fuselage; and 5) tail. This fine-grained prior provides reliable part locations to delineate aircraft architecture and imposes spatial constraints among the parts, effectively reducing the search space for model optimization and identifying subtle interclass differences. A knowledge-driven aircraft part attention (KAPA) module uses this prior to achieving a geometric-invariant representation for identifying discriminative features. Part features are generated by part indexing in a specific order and sequentially embedded into a compact space to obtain a fixed-length representation for each part, invariant to aircraft orientation and scale. The part attention module then takes the embedded part features, adaptively reweights their importance to identify discriminative parts, and aggregates them for recognition. The proposed APPEAR framework is evaluated on two aircraft recognition datasets and achieves superior performance. Moreover, experiments with few-shot learning methods demonstrate the robustness of our framework in different tasks. Ablation analysis illustrates that the fuselage and wings of the aircraft are the most effective parts for recognition.

FarSeg++: Foreground-Aware Relation Network for Geospatial Object Segmentation in High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery.

Geospatial object segmentation, a fundamental Earth vision task, always suffers from scale variation, the larger intra-class variance of background, and foreground-background imbalance in high spatial resolution (HSR) remote sensing imagery. Generic semantic segmentation methods mainly focus on the scale variation in natural scenarios. However, the other two problems are insufficiently considered in large area Earth observation scenarios. In this paper, we propose a foreground-aware relation network (FarSeg++) from the perspectives of relation-based, optimization-based, and objectness-based foreground modeling, alleviating the above two problems. From the perspective of the relations, the foreground-scene relation module improves the discrimination of the foreground features via the foreground-correlated contexts associated with the object-scene relation. From the perspective of optimization, foreground-aware optimization is proposed to focus on foreground examples and hard examples of the background during training to achieve a balanced optimization. Besides, from the perspective of objectness, a foreground-aware decoder is proposed to improve the objectness representation, alleviating the objectness prediction problem that is the main bottleneck revealed by an empirical upper bound analysis. We also introduce a new large-scale high-resolution urban vehicle segmentation dataset to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and push the development of objectness prediction further forward. The experimental results suggest that FarSeg++ is superior to the state-of-the-art generic semantic segmentation methods and can achieve a better trade-off between speed and accuracy.

A Flexible Tough Hydrovoltaic Coating for Wearable Sensing Electronics.

The lack of a strong binding mechanism between nanomaterials severely restricts the advantages of the evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic effect in wearable sensing electronics. It is a challenging task to observably improve the mechanical toughness and flexibility of hydrovoltaic devices to match the wearable demand without abandoning the nanostructures and surface function. Here, a flexible tough polyacrylonitrile/alumina (PAN/Al2 O3 ) hydrovoltaic coating with both good electricity generation (open-circuit voltage, Voc  ≈ 3.18 V) and sensitive ion sensing (2285 V M-1 for NaCl solutions in 10-4 to 10-3  m) capabilities is developed. The porous nanostructure composed of Al2 O3 nanoparticles is firmly locked by the strong binding effect of PAN, giving a critical binding force 4 times that of Al2 O3 film to easily deal with 9.92 m s-1 strong water-flow impact. Finally, skin-tight and non-contact device structures are proposed to achieve wearable multifunctional self-powered sensing directly using sweat. The flexible tough PAN/Al2 O3 hydrovoltaic coating breaks through the mechanical brittleness limitation and broadens the applications of the evaporation-induced hydrovoltaic effect in self-powered wearable sensing electronics.

Perspiration permeable, textile embeddable microfluidic sweat sensor.

Epidermal microfluidic devices are continuously being developed for efficient sweat collection and sweat rate detection. However, most microfluidic designs ignore the use of airtight/adhesive substrate will block the natural perspiration of the covered sweat pores, which will seriously affect normal sweat production and long-term wearable comfort. Herein, we present a Janus textile-embedded microfluidic sensor platform with high breathability and directional sweat permeability for synchronous sweat rate and total electrolyte concentration detection. The device consists of a hollowed-out serpentine microchannel with interdigital electrodes and Janus textile. The dual-mode signal of the sweat rate (0.2-4.0 µL min-1) and total ionic charge concentration (10-200 mmol L-1) can be obtained synchronously by decoupling conductance step signals generated when sweat flows through alternating interdigitated spokes at equal intervals in the microchannel. Meanwhile, the hollowed-out microchannel structure significantly reduces the coverage area of the sensor on the skin, and the Janus textile-embedded device ensures a comfortable skin/device interface (fewer sweat pores are blocked) and improves breathability (503.15 g m-2 d-1) and sweat permeability (directional liquid transportation) during long-term monitoring. This device is washable and reusable, which shows the potential to integrate with clothing and smart textile, and thus facilitate the practicality of wearable sweat sensors for personalized healthcare.

Prevalence, correlates, and network analysis of depression and its association with quality of life in survivors with myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Depression is common among myocardial infarction (MI) survivors and is strongly associated with poor quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, correlates and the network structure of depression, and its association with QOL in MI survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated depression and QOL in MI survivors with the Chinese version of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. Univariable analyses, multivariable analyses, and network analyses were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 total score ≥ 5) among 565 MI survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic was 38.1 % (95 % CI: 34.1-42.1 %), which was significantly associated with poor QOL. Patients with depression were less likely to consult a doctor regularly after discharge, and more likely to experience more severe anxiety symptoms and fatigue. Item PHQ4 "Fatigue" was the most central symptom in the network, followed by PHQ6 "Guilt" and PHQ2 "Sad mood". The flow network showed that PHQ4 "Fatigue" had the highest negative association with QOL. CONCLUSION: Depression was prevalent among MI survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic and was significantly associated with poor QOL. Those who failed to consult a doctor regularly after discharge or reported severe anxiety symptoms and fatigue should be screened for depression. Effective interventions for MI survivors targeting central symptoms, especially fatigue, are needed to reduce the negative impact of depression and improve QOL.

Salinibacterium sedimenticola sp. nov., Isolated from Tidal Flat Sediment.

An actinobacterium, designated as SYSU T00001T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment sample from Guangdong province, China. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile and short rod-shaped. Colonies on marine agar 2216 were smooth, yellow-pigmented, and circular with low convexity. The isolate was able to grow at the temperature range 4-37 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 4.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10% (w/v) NaCl. The major menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-10. The cell wall contained alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and ornithine. The major fatty acids were C19:0 cyclo ω8c (35.7%) and anteiso C15:0 (26.0%). The polar lipids consisted of one diphosphatidyl glycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unknown lipid. Whole genome sequencing of strain SYSU T00001T revealed 2,837,702 bp with a DNA G + C content of 67.8%. Phylogenetic analyses clearly demonstrated that strain SYSU T00001T belonged to the genus Salinibacterium, and the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to Salinibacterium hongtaonis 194T (97.8%). The ANI and dDDH values of strain SYSU T00001T relative to Salinibacterium hongtaonis 194T were 74.5% and 19.5%, respectively. According to our data, strain SYSU T00001T represents a novel species of the genus Salinibacterium, for which the name Salinibacterium sedimenticola sp. nov. is proposed, the type strain is SYSU T00001T (= GDMCC 1.3283T = KCTC 49758T).

Quantification of Asian monsoon variability from 68 ka BP through pollen-based climate reconstruction.

The glacial-interglacial variability of precipitation and its driving mechanism in monsoonal regions has long been a subject of debate. However, there are few records of quantitative climate reconstruction dating to the last glacial cycle in areas dominated by the Asian summer monsoon. Here, using a pollen-based quantitative climate reconstruction based on three sites in areas exposed to the Asian summer monsoon, we demonstrate that climate has undergone great variability over the past 68 ka. The differences between the last glacial and the Holocene optimum could have been as much as 35%-51% for precipitation, and 5-7 °C for mean annual temperature. Our findings also reveal regional heterogeneity during the abrupt climate events of Heinrich Event 1 and Younger Dryas, that drove drier conditions in southwestern China dominated by the Indian summer monsoon, and a wetter climate in central eastern China. The pattern of variation in reconstructed precipitation, exhibiting strong glacial-interglacial variability, is broadly consistent with the stalagmite δ18O records from Southwest China and South Asia. Our results of reconstruction quantify the sensitivity of the MIS3 precipitation to orbital insolation changes, and highlight the prominent influence of interhemispheric temperature gradients on Asian monsoon variability. Comparison with transient simulations and major climate forcings has shown that the mode of precipitation variability during the transition from the last glacial maximum to the Holocene has been significantly modulated by weak or collapsed Atlantic meridional overturning circulation events in addition to insolation forcing.

Addressing voltage hysteresis in Li-rich cathode materials via gas-solid interface modification.

Li-rich layered materials have attracted much attention for their large capacity (>250 mA h g-1) stemming from anion redox at high voltage. However, inherent problems, such as capacity decay and voltage decay/hysteresis during cycling, hinder their commercial progress. In this work, an oxygen vacancy-accompanied spinel interface layer is constructed by gas-solid reaction via NiCO3 treatment at 650 °C, which reduces the asymmetry of anion redox and improves structural stability. Therefore, a 1 mol% NiCO3-modified sample powerfully reduces the voltage hysteresis (∼0.23 V) in the first cycle, simultaneously exhibiting an excellent discharge capacity of 275 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C with a capacity retention of 90% for 200 cycles at 1 C.

Fabricating Heterostructures for Boosting the Structure Stability of Li-Rich Cathodes.

Li-rich Mn-based oxides are regarded as the most promising new-generation cathode materials, but their practical application is greatly hindered by structure collapse and capacity degradation. Herein, a rock salt phase is epitaxially constructed on the surface of Li-rich Mn-based cathodes through Mo doping to improve their structural stability. The heterogeneous structure composed of a rock salt phase and layered phase is induced by Mo6+ enriched on the particle surface, and the strong Mo-O bonding can enhance the TM-O covalence. Therefore, it can stabilize lattice oxygen and inhibit the side reaction of the interface and structural phase transition. The discharge capacity of 2% Mo-doped samples (Mo 2%) displays 279.67 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C (vs 254.39 mA h g-1 (pristine)), and the discharge capacity retention rate of Mo 2% is 79.4% after 300 cycles at 5 C (vs 47.6% (pristine)).

Development and application of a new biological nano-selenium fermentation broth based on Bacillus subtilis SE201412.

In order to improve the functionality and additional value of agricultural products, this study developing nano-selenium fermentation broth and established a new application strategy of bio-nano-selenium by screening and identifying selenium-rich microorganisms. We isolated a new strain from tobacco waste and named it Bacillus subtilis SE201412 (GenBank accession no. OP854680), which could aerobically grow under the condition of 66,000 mg L-1 selenite concentration, and could convert 99.19% of selenite into biological nano-selenium (BioSeNPs) within 18 h. Using strain SE201412, we industrially produced the different concentrations of fermentation broth containing 5000-3000 mg L-1 pure selenium for commercial use. The synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). TEM and SEM results showed that SeNPs were distributed outside cells. NTA assay of fermentation broth indicated that the nanoparticles were spherical with an average particle size of 126 ± 0.5 nm. Toxicity test revealed that the median lethal dose (LD50) of the fermentation broth to mice was 2710 mg kg-1, indicating its low toxicity and high safety. In addition, we applied BioSeNP fermentation broth to rice and wheat through field experiments. The results showed that the application of fermentation broth significantly increased the total selenium content and organic selenium percentage in rice and wheat grains. Our findings provide valuable reference for the development of BioSeNPs with extensive application prospects.