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AIM: To investigate the polymorphism distribution of lipid and drug metabolism-related genes of SLCO1B1 and ApoE in patients with cardiovascular disease of Han nationality in Anhui province, and to evaluate the benefit-risk ratio of individual use of statins. METHODS: PCR fluorescence probe technique was used to detect the genetic polymorphism of rs2306283 (388A>G) and rs4149056 (521T>C) of SLCO1B1 as well as rs429358 (388 T>C) and rs7412 (526C>T) of ApoE in 736 individuals diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases in the inpatient department of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei from January 2019 to August 2020 were included. The distribution characteristics of SLCO1B1 and ApoE genotypes were analyzed according to the gender of the subjects, and the results of genetic polymorphism were compared with the data of cardiovascular disease patients in other areas of China. RESULTS: Six genotypes of SLCO1B1 had been detected. They were *1a/*1a (6.11%), *1a/*1b (29.08%), *1b/*1b (44.57%), *1a/*15 (4.08%), *1b/*15 (15.49%) and *15/*15 (0.68%), while *1a/*5, *5/*5 and *5/*15 had not been detected. Six genotypes of ApoE had been detected. They were E2/E2 (0.41%), E2/E3 (11.96%), E2/E4 (1.09%), E3/E3 (67.66%), E3/E4 (17.93%) and E4/E4 (0.95%). The frequency distribution of genetic polymorphism of these two genes satisfied the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium, which was representative of the population. In this study, the proportion of people with SLCO1B1 normal myopathy risk was the highest, accounting for 79.76%; SLCO1B1 had a lower proportion of people with moderate myopathy risk and high myopathy risk were 19.57% and 0.68%, respectively. The reduced risk, normal risk and increased risk phenotypes of ApoE were respectively 12.37%, 68.75% and 18.88%. There was no statistically significant difference in SLCO1B1 and ApoE genotypes beween gender. Compared with patients with cardiovascular disease in Southern China area, the distribution of ApoE genetic polymorphism was significantly different in Anhui. CONCLUSION: The SLCO1B1 and ApoE genetic polymorphism of 736 patients with cardiovascular diseases in Anhui were mainly normal myopathy risk types with higher dose tolerance of statins as well as popular genotypes that were sensitive to statins, and the application of statins has a lower risk of myopathy and a good effect on lipid reduction. The polymorphism of the two genes was not affected by gender, but the distribution phenotypes of ApoE might be different in regional characteristics. The detection of SLCO1B1 and ApoE genetic polymorphism is significant for evaluation of benefit-risk ratios, thereby guiding statins clinical treatment.
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The current global COVID-19 pandemic is caused by beta coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which already infected over 10 million and caused 500 thousand deaths by June 2020. Overproduction of cytokines triggered by COVID-19 infection, known as "cytokine storm", is a highly risk factor associated with disease severity. However, how COVID-19 infection induce cytokine storm is still largely unknown. Accumulating in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that gut is also susceptible to COVID19 infection: Human intestinal organoids, an in vitro model which mimic the specific cell type and spatial structure of the intestine, were susceptible to SARS-CoV2 infection; A significant fraction of patients reported gut symptoms; Viral RNA may persist for more than 30 days and infectious virus could be isolated in fecal samples. The gastrointestinal tract is the primary site of interaction between the host immune system with symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms. The bacteria resident in our gastrointestinal tract, known as gut microbiota, is important to maintain the homeostasis of our immune system. While imbalance of gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, is associated with multiple inflammation diseases5. It's possible that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to alternation of gut microbiota thus worsen the host symptom. IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced multiple enteric cells, including intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), immune cells as well as enteric nervous system, and was shown to increase in the serum of COVID-19 patients. Immunoglobin A (IgA) is mainly produced in the mucosal surfaces, in humans 40-60mg kg-1 day-1 than all other immunoglobulin isotypes combined, and at least 80% of all plasma cells are located in the intestinal lamina propria. Recent study showed that SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA in the serum is positively correlate with the disease severity in COVID-19 patients11. Here we investigated the alterations of microbiota in COVID-19 patients, and its correlation with inflammatory factor IL-18 and SARS-CoV2 specific IgA.
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Objective To explore the clinical value of the serum cystatin C (Cys C) changes in different periods of the infantile pneumonia.Methods Ninety-two cases of infantile pneumonia (59 mild pneumonia patients and 33 severe pneumonia patients) from November 2012 to March 2013 were collected and 40 cases of healthy infant were enrolled for control group.The levels of serum Cys C,urea and creatinine in acute and recovery period were detected.Results In severe pneumonia patients,the average level of Cys C in acute period [(1.98±0.33) mg/L] is significantly higher than that in control group [(0.85 ±0.24) mg/L] (P <0.01),and there was no significant difference between recovery period [(1.12 ± 0.23) mg/L] and control group (P > 0.05),and there was significant difference between acute and recovery period (P <0.05).In mild pneumonia patients,there were no significant differences in the level of Cys C between the acute period [(1.10 ±0.22) mg/L] and recovery period [(0.94 ±0.21) mg/L] as well as control group (P > 0.05).The positive rate of Cys C in severe pneumonia patients (51.9%,14/27) was higher than that of urea and creatinine (3.7%,1/27) (P <0.01).Conclusion Severe pneumonia could result in renal dysfunction,which is reversible.Cys C can be the clinical reference for early diagnosis and the therapeutic effect in severe pneumonia patients with renal dysfunction.
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Objective To test the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect of Survivin small interfering RNA(siRNA) expression vector on lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 in vitro.Methods The Survivin-siRNA expression vector was constructed and conformed by sequencing.The inhibitory effect of Survivin-siRNA was tested by fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(FQ RT-PCR),Western blot and immunohistochemistry.The cell proliferation and apoptotic rate were assayed by tetrazolium bromide(MTT)colorimetry and flow cytometry.Results Survivin-siRNA expression vector was constructed and transfected into A549 cell.It effectively reduced mRNA and protein level of Survivin.Immunohistochemistry also showed lower expression of Survivin.The A549 cells transfected with Survivin-siRNA had a lower cellular growth rate than that of control group(P