Comparative efficacy of prophylactic protocols in reducing perioperative nausea and vomiting during video-assisted thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer.

Lung cancer, a global mortality leader, often necessitates Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic (VATS) surgery. However, post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common, highlighting a need for effective management and prevention strategies in this context. A retrospective case-control study at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital evaluated patients undergoing VATS radical resection of lung cancer between May and September 2022. Patients were categorized based on PONV prevention methods, and data encompassing demographics, surgical history, and postoperative adverse events s were analyzed to assess the association between prophylactic protocols and PONV incidence. The Netupitant and Palonosetron Hydrochloride (NEPA) group showed a significant reduction in PONV occurrences post-surgery compared to Ondansetron (ONDA) and Control groups, emphasizing NEPA's efficacy in alleviating PONV symptoms (P < 0.05). Furthermore, following VATS radical resection of lung cancer, NEPA markedly reduced the intensity of PONV symptoms in patients. Both univariate and multivariate logistic analyses corroborated that NEPA independently reduces PONV risk, with its protective effect also apparent in susceptible populations like females and non-smokers. NEPA utilization markedly reduced both the incidence and severity of PONV in patients undergoing VATS radical resection of lung cancer, serving as an independent protective factor in mitigating PONV risk post-surgery.

Nausea and Vomiting during Early Pregnancy among Chinese Women and Its Association with Nutritional Intakes.

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is one of the most common uncomfortable symptoms of women in early pregnancy. A total of 303 Chinese pregnant women from 10 urban cities in their first trimester were recruited in this study to collect their sociodemographic characteristics and their NVP occurrence. Their dietary nutrient and food intakes were also collected by a 24 h dietary recall and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ). Using the univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis to estimate the correlation between NVP and dietary intake, we found that 255 (84.1%) pregnant women experienced NVP during their first trimester. The intake of energy, protein, fat, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin E, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc was lower in women with NVP than in those with no NVP. Additionally, women with NVP were more likely to have insufficient intake of protein, riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus and selenium. In terms of specific food groups, the average daily intake of mushrooms, algae, nuts and seeds, meat, eggs and dairy products in the NVP group was lower. Women in the severe NVP group even had insufficient gestational weight gain. We should pay more attention to women who experience nausea and vomiting during pregnancy and provide them with targeted nutritional support.

In situ formed CaSO4 on waste dander biochar to inhibit the mineralization of soil organic carbon.

In order to reduce CO2 emissions, as well as realize the resource utilization of waste dander (WD) and the goal of international "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutrality", Biochar was prepared with WD via pyrolysis technology, achieving CaSO4 in situ generated on its surface, which could be used to inhibit soil organic carbon (SOC) from mineralizing and enhance soil carbon sequestration ability. The characterization results showed that the unstable carbon (C) structures as well as more conjugated structures were generated on Ca-BC, obtaining an increased C sequestration of Ca-BC to 21.70 %. With the application of Ca-BC, the mineralization rate of SOC was reduced to 0.451 mg CO2/(g·d), and the soil moisture content, pH and TOC content were increased to 45.48 %, 7.96 and 47.19 %. In addition, the bioinformatics analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that the application of Ca-BC promoted bacteria to convert into the stable C-dominant phyla (Firmicutes).

Effect of high ammonia on granular stability and phosphorus recovery of algal-bacterial granules in treatment of synthetic biogas slurry.

The aim of the study was to investigate the application of algal-bacterial granules in treatment of high ammonia wastewater. Two identical cylindrical reactors, i.e., Rc and Rs was used to develop granular sludge system with synthetic biogas slurry. Rs was run under an artificial solar lamp controlled at 12 h power on and 12 h power off (∼10,000 lux); Rc was operated as control (no light). Results showed that algal-bacterial granules (ABGS) developed in Rs exhibited better structural stability in the face of high ammonia influent. Compared with aerobic granules (AGS), ABGS possessed high proteins (PN) content (145.3 mg/g-VSS) in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and better O2 mass transfer inner granules. Higher phosphorus (P) removal capacity was obtained in Rs even under 400 mg/L NH3-N which resulted in higher P content in ABGS biomass (56.4 mg/g-TSS). Bioavailable P in ABGS was 44 mg P/g-SS on day 160, approximately 1.53-times higher than that in AGS.

A highly efficient biomass-based adsorbent fabricated by graft copolymerization: Kinetics, isotherms, mechanism and coadsorption investigations for cationic dye and heavy metal.

Natural biomass materials are endowed with good potential for pollutant remediation due to low cost, environment friendliness and easy accessibility. In this work, an efficient biomass-based adsorbent named g-PS was fabricated by free radical graft copolymerization of peanut shell with methacrylic acid and N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide). The structural and morphological properties of g-PS were characterized and analyzed. The effectiveness of g-PS as adsorbent to remove cationic dye and heavy metal pollutants (i.e. methylene blue (MB), basic red 46 (BR) and Cd(II)) from water was evaluated. The batch adsorption tests indicated that g-PS showed rapid removal rates for MB, BR and Cd(II), with the adsorption equilibriums achieved within 30 min. The adsorption processes of three compounds were more suitable to be described by Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models. The maximum adsorption capacities were 538.34 mg/g for MB, 687.52 mg/g for BR and 62.01 mg/g for Cd(II) at 298 K. The coadsorption experiments in the mixed system indicated that g-PS was still effective for simultaneous removal of both BR and Cd(II). Additionally, g-PS exhibited satisfactory removal performance even after seven repeated uses. The as-prepared g-PS can be used as a promising adsorbent candidate to dispose wastewater containing cationic dyes and heavy metals.

High-level production of Arthrobacter aurescens CYC705 nitrilase in Escherichia coli for biosynthesis of iminodiacetic acid.

Nitrilase from Arthrobacter aurescens CYC705 can hydrolyze the iminodiacetonitrile to iminodiacetic acid (IDA) efficiently, and its high-level production in Escherichia coli has not been established. In the present work, the production of this nitrilase expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) with a recombinant plasmid pET28a-cyc705 was optimized. Various culture conditions and process parameters including medium components and concentrations, inducer types and concentrations, inducing temperature and time were systematically examined in a shake flask. After optimization, the OD600 , nitrilase activity, and productivity were obviously improved and achieved to 40.91 ± 1.341, 98.12 ± 1.248 U/mL, and 2,230 ± 28.36 U L(-1)  H(-1) , respectively, about 2.1-, 30-, and 33-fold increases as compared with those in the primary medium. Furthermore, four different fermentation strategies were adopted to scale up cultivation of the recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a-cyc705 in a 3.7-L fermenter. Substituting the peanut powder with fish peptone and accompanying with 1.0% glycerol feeding could significantly reduce the bubble production and shorten the fermentation time, which resulted in a nitrilase productivity of 4,653 ± 38.16 U L(-1) H(-1) that was about two times higher than that in a shake flask. The high-level production of A. aurescens CYC705 nitrilase established in this study will meet the need of industrial biosynthesis of IDA.

Characterization of a nitrilase from Arthrobacter aurescens CYC705 for synthesis of iminodiacetic acid.

A nitrilase gene cyc705 from Arthrobacter aurescens CYC705 for synthesis of iminodiacetic acid (IDA) was cloned. This gene contained a 930 bp ORF, which encoded a polypeptide of 310 amino acids. A recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a-cyc705 was constructed to achieve the heterologous expression of cyc705. This recombinant nitrilase was purified to homogeneity with a molecular weight of 36.7 kDa on SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry, and characterized to be an oligomer of 14 subunits by gel permeation chromatography. Using iminodiacetonitrile (IDAN) as the substrate, the Vmax, Km, kcat and kcat/Km were 9.05 U mg(-1), 43.17 mM(-1), 94.1 min(-1) and 2.18×10(3) min(-1) M(-1), respectively. The optimum temperature and pH were 25°C and 5.8. The suitable substrates for the purified nitrilase were short-chain aliphatic dinitriles. High concentration of IDAN could be hydrolyzed to IDA in a shorter time.

Characteristics and mechanisms of phosphate adsorption onto basic oxygen furnace slag.

The adsorption characteristics of phosphate adsorption on the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag were identified as a function of pH and ion strengths in solution. In addition, adsorption mechanisms were investigated by conducting batch tests on both the hydrolysis and phosphate adsorption process of the BOF slag, and making a comparative analysis to gain newer insights into understanding the adsorption process. Results show that the adsorption capacity from 4.97 to 3.71 mgP/g slag when the solution pH was increased from 2.0 to 13.0 and phosphate initial concentration was 50 mg/L, indicating that adsorption capacity is largely dependent upon the pH of the system. The results of the competitive adsorption between phosphate and typical anions found in wastewater, such as NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-) and Cl(-), onto BOF slag reveal that BOF slag can selectively adsorb phosphate ions. The insignificant effect of NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-) and Cl(-) on phosphate adsorption capacity indicates that phosphate adsorption is through a kind of inner-sphere complex reaction. During the adsorption process, the decrease of phosphate concentration in solution accompanied with an increase in pH values and concentrations of NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-) and Cl(-) suggests that phosphate replaced the functional groups from the surface of BOF slag which infers that ligand exchange is the dominating mechanism for phosphate removal. At the same time, the simultaneous decreases in PO(4)(3-) and total calcium, magnesium and aluminum concentration in solution indicate that chemical reaction and precipitation are other mechanisms of phosphate removal.

Competitive adsorption of copper(II), cadmium(II), lead(II) and zinc(II) onto basic oxygen furnace slag.

Polluted and contaminated water can often contain more than one heavy metal species. It is possible that the behavior of a particular metal species in a solution system will be affected by the presence of other metals. In this study, we have investigated the adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) onto basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF slag) in single- and multi-element solution systems as a function of pH and concentration, in a background solution of 0.01M NaNO(3). In adsorption edge experiments, the pH was varied from 2.0 to 13.0 with total metal concentration 0.84mM in the single element system and 0.21mM each of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) in the multi-element system. The value of pH(50) (the pH at which 50% adsorption occurs) was found to follow the sequence Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd in single-element systems, but Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd in the multi-element system. Adsorption isotherms at pH 6.0 in the multi-element systems showed that there is competition among various metals for adsorption sites on BOF slag. The adsorption and potentiometric titrations data for various slag-metal systems were modeled using an extended constant-capacitance surface complexation model that assumed an ion-exchange process below pH 6.5 and the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes at higher pH. Inner-sphere complexation was more dominant for the Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) systems.

Modeling adsorption of copper (II) onto fly ash and bentonite complex from aqueous solutions.

Transportation of copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions to a fly ash and bentonite complex amorphous heterogeneous oxides (AHO: CaO-SiO(2)-Al(2)O(3)-MgO-FeO) system was studied. The particles of the fly ash and bentonite complex AHO system were highly porous and composed of platelike grains. They provide the physical basis for establishing a liquid-solid reaction model applicable to mesoporous solids. The main innovation of this model was in simplifying the powder granules to aggregates of close particles, while the particles act in accordance with the model better. The calculated curves from the models were well in line with the experimental results.