ABSTRACT
Solidagenone (SOL) is a labdane-type diterpenoid found in Solidago chilensis, a plant traditionally used to treat skin diseases, kidney pain and ovarian inflammation. In this study, the topical anti-inflammatory activity of SOL was evaluated using in vivo and in silico assays. Croton oil-, arachidonic acid (AA)- and phenol-induced ear oedema mouse models were applied in the in vivo studies. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined, as well as histopathological analyses were conducted. Interaction profiles between SOL and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), glucocorticoid receptor, estradiol-17-ß-dehydrogenase and prostaglandin-E(2)-9-reductase were established using molecular docking. SOL significantly inhibited croton oil-, AA- and phenol-induced ear oedema (P < .001) at doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ear. The MPO and NAG activities and TNF-α, IL-6 and NO levels were decreased (P < .001). The histopathological data revealed that inflammatory parameters (oedema thickness, leucocyte infiltration and vasodilatation) were reduced by treatment with SOL at doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ear. The docking study showed that SOL interacts with COX-1 and prostaglandin-E(2)-9-reductase through hydrogen bonding, inhibiting these enzymes. These results indicate that SOL may be a promising compound for the treatment of cutaneous inflammatory disorders and has potential as a topical anti-inflammatory agent.
Subject(s)
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Dermatitis/prevention & control , Edema/prevention & control , Furans/pharmacology , Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases/antagonists & inhibitors , Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Naphthalenes/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Skin/drug effects , Solidago , Acetylglucosaminidase/metabolism , Animals , Cyclooxygenase 1/metabolism , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/metabolism , Dermatitis/metabolism , Dermatitis/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Edema/chemically induced , Edema/metabolism , Edema/pathology , Furans/isolation & purification , Furans/metabolism , Hydrogen Bonding , Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Male , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Mice , Molecular Docking Simulation , Naphthalenes/isolation & purification , Naphthalenes/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Peroxidase/metabolism , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Protein Binding , Signal Transduction , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Solidago/chemistry , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
In this work we investigated the in vivo protective effects of Baccharis dracunculifolia leaves extract (BdE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity, and HPLC analysis were performed. Our results showed that pretreatment with BdE significantly reduced the damage caused by CCl4 and APAP on the serum markers of hepatic injury, AST, ALT, and ALP. Results were confirmed by histopathological analysis. Phytochemical analysis, performed by HPLC, showed that BdE was rich in p-coumaric acid derivatives, caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids. BdE also showed DPPH antioxidant activity (EC50 of 15.75±0.43 µg/mL), and high total phenolic (142.90±0.77 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (51.47±0.60 mg RE/g) contents. This study indicated that B. dracunculifolia leaves extract has relevant in vivo hepatoprotective properties.
