Compromiso secundario de glándulas mamarias por linfoma folicular / Secondary involvement of breasts by follicular lymphoma

Resumen Las lesiones metastásicas que comprometen la glándula mamaria son excepcionales, ocupando las neoplasias hematolinfoides el segundo lugar en orden de frecuencia en series de casos reporta dos en la literatura con una prevalencia de 0.04% a 1.6% en relación a todos los tumores malignos de la mama, alcanzando una incidencia anual de 0.07%, los cuales corresponden principalmente a linfomas secundarios. El 80% de estos son linfomas B difusos de células grandes, seguido de linfoma folicular y linfoma de la zona marginal. Presentamos una mujer de 60 años con diagnóstico de linfoma folicular que comenzó con una masa perirrenal derecha y ganglios linfáticos ipsilaterales retroperitoneales e inguinales, quien, durante su tratamiento, presentó avance en el estadio clínico con compromiso secundario inusual de ambas glándulas mamarias por esta neoplasia hematolinfoide. Se evaluó el comportamiento biológico de esta enfermedad para comprender los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, mediante el análisis de factores clínicos, histológicos y pronósticos, permitiendo la estadificación definitiva, la cual fue determinante para la elección de la terapia individualizada acorde a las guías de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia científica, impactando positivamente en la evolución médica de la paciente.

Abstract Metastatic lesions involving the breast are exceptional; hematolymphoid neoplasias rank second as per their frequency in case series reported in the literature with a prevalence of 0.04% to 1.6% when consider ing all malignant breast tumors and reaching an annual incidence of 0.07%, mainly accounted for by secondary lymphomas. Eighty percent of them are diffuse, large B cells lymphomas (DLBCL), followed by follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma. This case is about a 60 year-old woman with a diagnosis of follicular lymphoma, who presented with a right perirenal mass and ipsilateral retroperitoneal and inguinal lymph nodes, whose clinical status progressed during the treatment with unusual secondary involvement of both breasts by hematolymphoid neoplasia. The biological behavior of the condition was evaluated to understand the pathophysiological mecha nisms; this was done analyzing clinical, histologic and prognostic factors that led to a definitive staging, which was key to select the individualized therapy following the clinical practice guidelines based on scientific evidence, with a positive impact on the patient's medical progress.

Secondary involvement of breasts by follicular lymphoma / Compromiso secundario de glándulas mamarias por linfoma folicular

Abstract Metastatic lesions involving the breast are exceptional; hematolymphoid neoplasias rank second as per their frequency in case series reported in the literature with a prevalence of 0.04% to 1.6% when considering all malignant breast tumors and reaching an annual incidence of 0.07%, mainly accounted for by secondary lymphomas. Eighty percent of them are diffuse, large B cells lymphomas (DLBCL), followed by follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma. This case is about a 60 year-old woman with a diagnosis of follicular lymphoma, who presented with a right perirenal mass and ipsilateral retroperitoneal and inguinal lymph nodes, whose clinical status progressed during the treatment with unusual secondary involvement of both breasts by hematolymphoid neoplasia. The biological behavior of the condition was evaluated to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms; this was done analyzing clinical, histologic and prognostic factors that led to a definitive staging, which was key to select the individualized therapy following the clinical practice guidelines based on scientific evidence, with a positive impact on the patient's medical progress.

Resumen Las lesiones metastásicas que comprometen la glándula mamaria son excepcionales, ocupando las neoplasias hematolinfoides el segundo lugar en orden de frecuencia en series de casos reportados en la literatura con una prevalencia de 0.04% a 1.6% en relación a todos los tumores malignos de la mama, alcanzando una incidencia anual de 0.07%, los cuales corresponden principalmente a linfomas secundarios. El 80% de estos son linfomas B difusos de células grandes, seguido de linfoma folicular y linfoma de la zona marginal. Presentamos una mujer de 60 años con diagnóstico de linfoma folicular que comenzó con una masa perirrenal derecha y ganglios linfáticos ipsilaterales retroperitoneales e inguinales, quien, durante su tratamiento, presentó avance en el estadio clínico con compromiso secundario inusual de ambas glándulas mamarias por esta neoplasia hematolinfoide. Se evaluó el comportamiento biológico de esta enfermedad para comprender los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, mediante el análisis de factores clínicos, histológicos y pronósticos, permitiendo la estadificación definitiva, la cual fue determinante para la elección de la terapia individualizada acorde a las guías de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia científica, impactando positivamente en la evolución médica de la paciente.

Secondary involvement of breasts by follicular lymphoma.

Metastatic lesions involving the breast are exceptional; hematolymphoid neoplasias rank second as per their frequency in case series reported in the literature with a prevalence of 0.04% to 1.6% when considering all malignant breast tumors and reaching an annual incidence of 0.07%, mainly accounted for by secondary lymphomas. Eighty percent of them are diffuse, large B cells lymphomas (DLBCL), followed by follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma. This case is about a 60 year-old woman with a diagnosis of follicular lymphoma, who presented with a right perirenal mass and ipsilateral retroperitoneal and inguinal lymph nodes, whose clinical status progressed during the treatment with unusual secondary involvement of both breasts by hematolymphoid neoplasia. The biological behavior of the condition was evaluated to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms; this was done analyzing clinical, histologic and prognostic factors that led to a definitive staging, which was key to select the individualized therapy following the clinical practice guidelines based on scientific evidence, with a positive impact on the patient's medical progress.

Las lesiones metastásicas que comprometen la glándula mamaria son excepcionales, ocupando las neoplasias hematolinfoides el segundo lugar en orden de frecuencia en series de casos reportados en la literatura con una prevalencia de 0.04% a 1.6% en relación a todos los tumores malignos de la mama, alcanzando una incidencia anual de 0.07%, los cuales corresponden principalmente a linfomas secundarios. El 80% de estos son linfomas B difusos de células grandes, seguido de linfoma folicular y linfoma de la zona marginal. Presentamos una mujer de 60 años con diagnóstico de linfoma folicular que comenzó con una masa perirrenal derecha y ganglios linfáticos ipsilaterales retroperitoneales e inguinales, quien, durante su tratamiento, presentó avance en el estadio clínico con compromiso secundario inusual de ambas glándulas mamarias por esta neoplasia hematolinfoide. Se evaluó el comportamiento biológico de esta enfermedad para comprender los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, mediante el análisis de factores clínicos, histológicos y pronósticos, permitiendo la estadificación definitiva, la cual fue determinante para la elección de la terapia individualizada acorde a las guías de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia científica, impactando positivamente en la evolución médica de la paciente.

Efectividad de intervenciones basadas en mindfulness en mujeres con cáncer de mama

RESUMEN Fundamento Resulta relevante obtener un panorama más amplio del uso de las estrategias, conocidas como de tercera generación, y en particular, de su efectividad en el apoyo psicológico a corto y largo plazos en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas mediante las diferentes modalidades terapéuticas conocidas para este padecimiento. Objetivo describir las principales características y efectividad de intervenciones basadas en mindfulness en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Métodos se realizó una revisión sistemática, con artículos publicados en bases de datos de acceso libre como Crossref, Springer Open, PUBMED y EBSCO, con fecha de publicación entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2020. Los criterios de inclusión de artículos fueron determinados atendiendo a la estrategia PICO: pacientes o población, intervenciones, comparación o control y resultados. Los términos de búsqueda empleados: cáncer de mama y reducción del estrés basada en mindfulness. Resultados fueron identificados 110 artículos inicialmente, y al aplicar los criterios de inclusión se seleccionaron 15. En todos los estudios participaron mujeres con cáncer de mama en tratamiento, las cuales fueron objeto de intervenciones basadas en el Programa de Reducción del Estrés Basado en Atención Plena. Se encontraron efectos significativos en variables como calidad de vida, síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, estrés, distress, trastornos del sueño, fatiga y en biomarcadores como la frecuencia cardiaca. Conclusión el Programa de Reducción del Estrés Basado en Atención Plena evidencia su efectividad en pacientes con cáncer de mama sobre variables psicosociales en diferentes países.

ABSTRACT Background It is relevant to obtain a broader panorama of the strategies use, known as third generation, and in particular, of their effectiveness in short and long-term psychological support in patients with breast cancer treated through the different therapeutic modalities known for this condition. Objective to describe the main characteristics and effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in women with breast cancer. Methods a systematic review was carried out, with articles published in open access databases such as Crossref, Springer Open, PUBMED and EBSCO, with a publication date between January 2016 and December 2020. The inclusion criteria of articles were determined according to the PICO strategy: patients or population, interventions, comparison or control, and results. The search terms used: breast cancer and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Results 110 articles were initially identified, and when applying the inclusion criteria, 15 were selected. In all the studies, women with breast cancer undergoing treatment participated, which were the object of interventions based on the Full Attention-Based Stress Reduction Program. Significant effects were found in variables such as quality of life, symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, distress, sleep disorders, fatigue and in biomarkers such as heart rate. Conclusion the Stress Reduction Program Based on Mindfulness shows its effectiveness in patients with breast cancer on psychosocial variables in different countries.

Enfermedad de Mondor y mamoplastías / Mondor's disease and mammoplasty

Resumen Objetivo: Revisar la incidencia de esta enfermedad en pacientes sometidos a mamoplastías en una clínicaprivada en el período de 11 años, con el fin de describir sus síntomas y signos, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución. Materiales y Método: Se estudiaron 355 mujeres que se sometieron a mamoplastías estéticas. Se excluyó aquellas cirugías reconstructivas secundarias a cáncer de mama y aquellas con otros antecedentes oncológicos previos. La información fue recolectada de las fichas clínicas. Resultado: Se analizan 710 mamas operadas en el período 2008-2018, de las cuales seis mamas (6/710) evolucionaron con enfermedad de Mondor (0,8%). El diagnóstico se realizó clínicamente. Todos los casos recibieron terapia antiinflamatoria oral y local, respondiendo favorablemente. Discusión: Existe poca literatura publicada al respecto. Casos bilaterales son menos reportados. Pareciera asociarse con cirugías del surco submamario y no está claro que requiera curación terapéutica. Conclusiones: La enfermedad de Mondor es infrecuente, puede presentarse secundario a mamoplastías, es de diagnóstico clínico y sólo tratamiento sintomático con evolución satisfactoria sin secuelas.

Aim: Review the disease incidence in patients who had mammoplasties in a private clinic on a 11 year-period. The purpose is to describe their symptoms and signs, diagnosis, treatment and evolution. Materials and Method: 355 women who underwent cosmetic mammoplasties were studied. Those reconstructive surgeries secondary to breast cancer and those with other previous oncological history were excluded. The information was collected from clinical files. Results: 710 breasts operated between 2008-2018 are analyzed, six of them (6/710) evolved Mondor disease (0.8%). The diagnosis was made clinically. All cases received oral and local antiinflammatory therapy, responding favorably. Discussion: There is a few published literature about it. Bilateral cases are less reported. It appears to be associated with surgeries of the submammary sulcus and it is not clear that it requires therapeutic cure. Conclusions: Mondor's disease is infrequent, can occur secondary to mammoplasty, diagnosis is clinical, treatment is symptomatic, all cases had satisfactory evolution without sequelae.

Sensorial innovation for non-invasive breast cancer detection. / La innovación sensorial para detección no invasiva del cáncer de mama.

Breast cancer represents a great challenge due to the context of gender, social and cultural aspects, as well as of the possibility of making accessible early detection methods. Currently, detection mostly relies on image tests (invasive procedures). However, due to new and numerous cases detected in young women, and detected in such advanced stages that only palliative care may be offered, there is opportunity to develop new, innovative and promising detection tests. In order to find solutions to the organizational process of tumor cells, and adapt them for early detection, biomimesis eases the development of new non-invasive approaches and innovative designs. Nowadays, the volatile organic compounds detection (also called volatolome) emitted by tumoral cells can be detected with the use of biological and/or artificial intelligent noses. This approach may represent a real opportunity for the early detection of cancer and several pathologies. There is no doubt that novel test for early detection of different diseases will be soon reality.

El cáncer de mama representa un gran reto por el contexto de género, su "look", el contexto social y cultural, así como la probabilidad de que la detección oportuna sea de fácil acceso. Si bien en la actualidad contamos con pruebas de imagen para su detección, los nuevos y numerosos casos detectados tanto en mujeres jóvenes como en etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad, cuando no hay más que ofrecer que cuidados paliativos, abren oportunidad para desarrollar nuevos y prometedores sistemas de detección. Tratando de buscar soluciones al proceso organizativo de las células tumorales y adaptarlas para su detección oportuna, la biomimesis abre la oportunidad para nuevos enfoques no invasivos y desarrollos innovadores. En la actualidad, la detección de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (llamado también volatoloma), emitidos por las células tumorales mediante narices biológicas y narices con inteligencia artificial, podrían representar una realidad para la detección oportuna del cáncer y otras enfermedades. Es posible que una prueba de detección oportuna para las enfermedades incluyendo al cáncer esté pronta.

Clinical and surgical evaluation of gynecomastia: tactic and results

Objectives: To perform an assessment of the clinical and surgical characteristics of gynecomastia as a tactic used and the results obtained in the breast. Methods: A prospective and observational study was carried out in the mastology service of Hospital Barão de Lucena in 40 patients. To determine which factors are associated with the cosmetic outcome, the contingency table was constructed and the χ2 test for independence was applied. In cases in which the assumptions of the χ2 test were violated, Fisher's exact test was applied. Results: Findings showed that most patients were from the metropolitan region of Recife (72.5%), studied until high school (62.5%), were aged 10 to 20 (42.5%), were in gynecomastia grade III (47.5%), underwent double incision (52.5%), had no complications (75.0%), and had a good and excellent cosmetic outcome (75.0%). The proportion comparison test was significant in all factors evaluated (p<0.05), except for the variable level of education (p=0.114), indicating that the numbers of patients who studied until high school and had higher education are close. The independence test was significant only in the variable complications (p<0.001), indicating that having complications significantly increases the risk for regular/bad cosmetics. Conclusion: Gynecomastia is a pathology of strong social impact. We observed this after analyzing the epidemiological, clinical, and surgical characteristics of our patients. In patients who underwent surgical treatment and who had no complications, there was a greater degree of satisfaction.

Efeitos do ultrassom terapêutico no ingurgitamento mamário: estudo piloto / Effects of therapeutic ultrasound in mammary engagement: pilot study

INTRODUÇÃO: A amamentação constitui uma importante etapa no processo reprodutivo, oferecendo benefícios tanto para mãe como para a criança. O Ingurgitamento mamário é uma complicação que ocorre do terceiro ao quinto dia de pós-parto. O Ultrassom Terapêutico (UST) é amplamente utilizado, e consiste em um aparelho capaz de produzir energia acústica de alta frequência. OBJETIVO: verificar o efeito agudo do ultrassom no processo terapêutico do ingurgitamento mamário. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, que avaliou a mama e classificou o ingurgitamento, além de realizar avaliação da dor e da percepção subjetiva das mamas. Foi administrado o protocolo com ultrassom terapêutico na frequência de 1Mh, modo pulsado, intensidade/ dose de 0,5w/cm2, ciclo ativo de 20% com tempo de aplicação de 02 minutos por área de radiação efetiva (ERA). Após aplicação, a lactente foi submetida à amamentação e realizada nova avaliação das mamas. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 4 mulheres entre 20 e 30 anos com quadro de ingurgitamento mamário. O valor inicial do ingurgitamento mamário foi de 2 a mediana e a final foi de 1 a mediana. Em relação à dor mamária, inicialmente foi de 5 mediana e a final 2 a mediana. Em todos os casos analisados houve melhora na dor, na disponibilidade do leite e no aspecto de ingurgitamento da mama. CONCLUSÃO: O ultrassom terapêutico se mostrou eficaz na redução da dor, no aumento da disponibilidade do leite e na melhora do enrijecimento característico do ingurgitamento mamário.

INTRODUCTION: Breastfeeding is an important step in the reproductive process, providing benefits for both mother and child. Breast engorgement is a complication that occurs from the third to the fifth postpartum day. Therapeutic Ultrasound (UST) is widely used, and consists of an apparatus capable of producing high frequency acoustic energy. OBJECTIVE: to verify the acute effect of ultrasound in the therapeutic process of breast engorgement. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study, which evaluated the breast and classified the engorgement, besides evaluating the pain and the subjective perception of the breasts. The protocol with therapeutic ultrasound was administered at a frequency of 1Mh, pulsed mode, intensity / dose of 0.5w / cm2, active cycle of 20% with application time of 02 minutes per effective Radiation Area (ERA). After application, the infant was submitted to breastfeeding and a new breast evaluation was performed. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 4 women between 20 and 30 years of age with breast engorgement. The initial value of breast engorgement was 2 the median and the final value was 1 to median. Regarding breast pain, it was initially 5 median and the final 2 median. In all the analyzed cases there was improvement in pain, milk availability and breast engorgement aspect. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic ultrasound has been shown to be effective in reducing pain, increasing milk availability and improving the stiffness characteristic of breast engorgement.

Mammary gland morphology in the northern Amazon red squirrel (Sciurus igniventris) / Morfologia da glândula mamária em esquilo do Norte Amazônico (Sciurus igniventris)

Sciurus igniventris is a squirrel with broad distribution in South America. We examined one female adult specimen which was donated after death by trampling. The aim of this work was describe the morphological characteristics of mammary gland of one specimen. The body was fixed using 10% aqueous formaldehyde. Tissues were processed and slides prepared following standard histological protocols. Morphological analysis of the mammary glands revealed similarities to those described in the literature for domestic and wild mammals. As special features in kind, macroscopically identified a pair of thoracic glands, followed by three pairs of abdominal glands. Microscopically the abundant presence of connective tissue dividing the alveolar-tubular glands. Similar to that described for domestic and wild mammals.(AU)

Sciurus igniventris é um esquilo com distribuição na América do Sul. Nós examinamos uma fêmea adulta que foi doada após morte por atropelamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever as características morfológicas da glândula mamária de um exemplar da espécie. O animal foi fixado utilizando solução aquosa de formoldeído a 10%. Os tecidos foram processados e lâminas foram preparadas seguindo protocolos histológicos padrões. A análise morfológica da glândula mamária revelou similaridades com o que temos descrito na literatura para animais domésticos e selvagens. Como particularidades na espécie, macroscopicamente foi identificado um par de glândulas torácicas, seguidas por três pares de glândulas abdominais. Microscopicamente ocorreu a presença abundante de tecido conectivo dividindo as glândulas túbuloalveolares. Semelhante ao descrito para mamíferos domésticos e selvagens.(AU)

Mammary gland morphology in the northern Amazon red squirrel (Sciurus igniventris) / Morfologia da glândula mamária em esquilo do Norte Amazônico (Sciurus igniventris)

Sciurus igniventris is a squirrel with broad distribution in South America. We examined one female adult specimen which was donated after death by trampling. The aim of this work was describe the morphological characteristics of mammary gland of one specimen. The body was fixed using 10% aqueous formaldehyde. Tissues were processed and slides prepared following standard histological protocols. Morphological analysis of the mammary glands revealed similarities to those described in the literature for domestic and wild mammals. As special features in kind, macroscopically identified a pair of thoracic glands, followed by three pairs of abdominal glands. Microscopically the abundant presence of connective tissue dividing the alveolar-tubular glands. Similar to that described for domestic and wild mammals.

Sciurus igniventris é um esquilo com distribuição na América do Sul. Nós examinamos uma fêmea adulta que foi doada após morte por atropelamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever as características morfológicas da glândula mamária de um exemplar da espécie. O animal foi fixado utilizando solução aquosa de formoldeído a 10%. Os tecidos foram processados e lâminas foram preparadas seguindo protocolos histológicos padrões. A análise morfológica da glândula mamária revelou similaridades com o que temos descrito na literatura para animais domésticos e selvagens. Como particularidades na espécie, macroscopicamente foi identificado um par de glândulas torácicas, seguidas por três pares de glândulas abdominais. Microscopicamente ocorreu a presença abundante de tecido conectivo dividindo as glândulas túbuloalveolares. Semelhante ao descrito para mamíferos domésticos e selvagens.

Influencia de la apariencia de las mamas en la calidad de vida: diferencias entre población preoperatoria de mamoplastía de reducción y población control / Criterion validity of a questionnaire to assess quality of life associated to the appearance of breasts in women

Objetivo: El Breast Q Reduction and Mastopexy Module es un instrumento específico para la evaluación de calidad de vida asociado a mamas desde la perspectiva del paciente, recientemente validado para uso en español en Chile. Cuenta con evaluación pre y postoperatoria. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer la validez de criterio al comparar las distribuciones en distintas poblaciones de individuos así como la diferencia del puntaje entre el pre y postoperatorio. Materiales y Métodos: El instrumento validado en español Breast Q Reduction-Mastopexy Module fue sometido a prueba para evaluar su validez de criterio comparando los resultados de la escala en pacientes que deseaban someterse a cirugía versus 2 grupos control, uno de pacientes hospitalizados por otra causa y otro de estudiantes de medicina. Resultados: Se aplicó la encuesta a 46 mujeres, 6 pacientes preoperatorios de mamoplastía de reducción, 20 alumnas de medicina y 20 pacientes hospitalizadas por otra causa. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las pacientes y los grupos control en los dominios autoimagen corporal (p = 0,0001), desempeño social (p = 0,0035) y síntomas físicos (p = 0,0058), no se observaron diferencias en el dominio de sexualidad (p = 0,1432), sin embargo, sólo 4/6 pacientes contestaron la encuesta ya que las otras 2 declararon no tener vida sexual. Conclusiones: Estos resultados preliminares sugieren que la versión en español del Breast Q Reduction-Mastopexy Module es un instrumento útil para evaluar calidad de vida asociada a las mamas en mujeres chilenas.

Background: The Breast QoL Reduction and Mastopexy Module assesses quality of life associated to breast appearance from the point of view of the patient. Its Spanish version was recently validated in Chile. Aim: To assess the criterion validity of the instrument applying it in different populations of women and in the pre and post-operative periods. Material and Methods: The questionnaire was applied to six women subjected to reduction mammoplasty in the pre and post-operative period. It was also applied to 20 women hospitalized for other causes and 20 female medical students. Results: There were significant differences between operated women and their non-operated counterparts in the domains body self-image, social performance and physical symptoms. No differences in sexuality were found. However this last question was answered only by four operated patients, since two declared not to have sex life. Conclusions: The questionnaire is useful to assess quality of life associated to the appearance of breasts.

Influence of post-mortem aging in tenderness of chicken breast fillets

In this work, analysis of chicken breast fillets was performed for shear values and sensory evaluation after different times of aging. Aging process was carried out by holding carcasses in covered plastic boxes, in a cold room, at 3 +/- 1ºC; groups of 5 carcasses were stored and classified according to the period of storage in cold room as 0 (control), 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. The variation in pH of chicken carcasses during rigor decreased from 6.4 to 5.9. However, during the process of aging, the pH values increased up to 6.2 in the first 12h, probably as the result of proteolysis. The Warner-Bratzler shear values decreased as aging time increases, resulting in a first order kinetic. The carcasses presented a more accentuated decline in shear values in the first two hours of aging. After this period, the curve had a similar performance, achieving values of less than 1 kgf in 4 hours or more, with complete aging being accomplished at 8 hours. The samples with higher period of aging (8, 12 and 24 hours) were preferred in sensorial analysis, without significant differences among them.

Neste trabalho, foram estudados os efeitos de diferentes tempos de maturação post-mortem sobre os valores de ruptura tecidual (cisalhamento) e avaliação sensorial de filés de peito de frango. O processo de maturação foi realizado pela manutenção das carcaças em caixas fechadas de plástico e armazenadas a 3±1 oC. Grupos de 5 carcaças foram classificados de acordo com o período de armazenagem na câmara fria como 0 (controle), 2, 4, 8, 12 e 24 horas. Os valores de pH das carcaças durante o período do rigor post-mortem decresceram de 6,4 para 5,9, enquanto que, durante o subseqüente período de maturação, os valores voltaram a crescer, atingindo um pH de 6,2 após 12 horas, provavelmente como resultado da proteólise. Os valores de cisalhamento de Warner-Bratzler decresceram inversamente ao tempo de maturação, de acordo com uma reação cinética de primeira ordem, apresentando um declínio mais acentuado nos valores de cisalhamento nas primeiras duas horas de maturação, após o qual o desempenho tendo sido similar para todos os grupos, atingindo valores inferiores a 1kgf em 4 horas ou mais, com a maturação completa sendo atingida em 8 horas. As amostras com períodos maiores de maturação (8, 12 e 24 horas) foram preferidas na análise sensorial, sem diferenças significativas entre elas.

Influence of post-mortem aging in tenderness of chicken breast fillets

In this work, analysis of chicken breast fillets was performed for shear values and sensory evaluation after different times of aging. Aging process was carried out by holding carcasses in covered plastic boxes, in a cold room, at 3 +/- 1ºC; groups of 5 carcasses were stored and classified according to the period of storage in cold room as 0 (control), 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. The variation in pH of chicken carcasses during rigor decreased from 6.4 to 5.9. However, during the process of aging, the pH values increased up to 6.2 in the first 12h, probably as the result of proteolysis. The Warner-Bratzler shear values decreased as aging time increases, resulting in a first order kinetic. The carcasses presented a more accentuated decline in shear values in the first two hours of aging. After this period, the curve had a similar performance, achieving values of less than 1 kgf in 4 hours or more, with complete aging being accomplished at 8 hours. The samples with higher period of aging (8, 12 and 24 hours) were preferred in sensorial analysis, without significant differences among them.

Neste trabalho, foram estudados os efeitos de diferentes tempos de maturação post-mortem sobre os valores de ruptura tecidual (cisalhamento) e avaliação sensorial de filés de peito de frango. O processo de maturação foi realizado pela manutenção das carcaças em caixas fechadas de plástico e armazenadas a 3±1 oC. Grupos de 5 carcaças foram classificados de acordo com o período de armazenagem na câmara fria como 0 (controle), 2, 4, 8, 12 e 24 horas. Os valores de pH das carcaças durante o período do rigor post-mortem decresceram de 6,4 para 5,9, enquanto que, durante o subseqüente período de maturação, os valores voltaram a crescer, atingindo um pH de 6,2 após 12 horas, provavelmente como resultado da proteólise. Os valores de cisalhamento de Warner-Bratzler decresceram inversamente ao tempo de maturação, de acordo com uma reação cinética de primeira ordem, apresentando um declínio mais acentuado nos valores de cisalhamento nas primeiras duas horas de maturação, após o qual o desempenho tendo sido similar para todos os grupos, atingindo valores inferiores a 1kgf em 4 horas ou mais, com a maturação completa sendo atingida em 8 horas. As amostras com períodos maiores de maturação (8, 12 e 24 horas) foram preferidas na análise sensorial, sem diferenças significativas entre elas.

Infiltración leucémica de glándulas mamarias / Leukemias infiltration of glands mammary

Las leucemias agudas son proliferaciones malignas de células hematopoyéticas inmaduras de tipo blástico, cuya acumulación progresiva se acompaña de una disminución en la producción de los elementos mieloides normales. Generalmente no existe un síntoma específico de leucemia y cualquier órgano puede sufrir la infiltración leucémica. En el presente reporte, se describe el caso de una paciente femenina de 20 años de edad, quien cursaba con 14 semanas de gestación. Asistió a control prenatal por presentar aumento de volumen de las glándulas mamarias que adquirieron una consistencia pétrea, lesiones nodulares en cuero cabelludo e hiperplasia gingival. En vista de las condiciones clínicas de la paciente, fue hospitalizada. A su ingreso lucía regulares condiciones generales, fascie abotagada, palidez cutáneo mucosa, adenopatías submaxilares, laterocervicales e omguinales; macromastia bilateral; hallazgo semiológicos de derrame pleural izquierdo y hepatomegalia dolorosa. Los exámenes paraclínicos revelaron: Hb: 4gr/dl, Hto: 14 por ciento leucocitos: 5000/mm3 seg:50 por ciento, linf:25 por ciento, mieloblastos: 5 por ciento, normoblastos: 20 por ciento plaquetas: 81000/mm3. Frotis de sangre periférica: células de tamaño aumentado, algunas con nucleolos y otras sin granulaciones, presencia de normoblastos y trombocitopenia. Aspirado de médula ósea: presencia de células mononucleares, de tamaño aumentado, algunas sin nucleolos, otras con vacuolas en su citoplasma y otras sin granulaciones, depresión severa de las otras series. Previa interrupción de la gestación y realización de legrado uterino se inicio quimioterapia de inducción, observándose mejoría clínica y respuesta al tratamiento médico, a las 24 horas de haberse iniciado el mismo. Se concluye en Leucemia Monocítica Aguda con infiltración a glándulas mamarias, presentación clínica poco frecuente de esta patología. En vista de lo inusual de esta presentación se reporta el caso