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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 83: e0049, 2024. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576102

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos atendimentos em uma emergência oftalmológica de referência, sob livre demanda, em um hospital terciário no Sul brasileiro. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo histórico transversal no Hospital Regional de São José, em Santa Catarina, abrangendo todos os atendimentos na emergência oftalmológica durante 46 dias em 2019 (n = 1.728). Os dados foram inseridos em planilha e exportados ao Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versão 21.0.0.0. A análise incluiu frequências, com o teste do qui-quadrado para dados categóricos (p < 0,05). Resultados: Dos 1.728 atendimentos, 1.365 ocorreram por livre demanda, com predominância masculina (58,5%) e média de idade 42 anos. Pacientes da Região Metropolitana de Florianópolis representaram 76,2%, associados à maior taxa de desistência na espera por consulta (p < 0,001). A taxa geral de desistência foi 12%. Queixas mais comuns foram dor (27,7%) e irritação (21,3%), apresentando-se com até 1 semana de sintomas em 74,4% dos casos. Principais diagnósticos foram corpo estranho na superfície (15,5%) e conjuntivites infecciosas (12,7%). Em 28,6% dos atendimentos, houve trauma associado. Seguimento ou cirurgia foram necessários em 39,7% dos casos, estando mais associados a encaminhamento por outro serviço de saúde. Conclusão: Muitos atendimentos foram resolvidos com baixa complexidade, destacando a importância do conhecimento epidemiológico para otimizar investimentos em saúde pública e melhorar a experiência do paciente do Sistema Único de Saúde.


ABSTRACT Objective: To outline the epidemiological profile of a reference ophthalmological emergency department, with no appointment scheduled, at a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional historical study was conducted at Hospital Regional de São José, Santa Catarina, covering all visits to the ophthalmological emergency department over 46 days in 2019 (n = 1,728). Data were entered in a spreadsheet and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21.0.0.0), with frequencies and chi-square tests for categorical data (p < 0.05). Results: Of 1,728 visits, 1,365 were with no appointment scheduled, predominantly male (58.5%), average age of 42 years. Patients from the Florianópolis Metropolitan Region represented 76.2%, associated with a higher abandonment rate (p < 0.001). The overall abandonment rate was 12%. Common complaints included pain (27.7%) and irritation (21.3%), presenting within a week in 74.4% of cases. Main diagnoses were foreign body on the surface (15.5%) and infectious conjunctivitis (12.7%). Trauma was associated in 28.6% of visits. Follow-up or surgery was required in 39.7% of cases, often associated with referral from another health service. Conclusion: Many visits were resolved with low complexity, highlighting the importance of epidemiological knowledge to optimize public health investments and enhance the Unified Health System patient experience.

2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 83: e0028, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559594

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes com trauma palpebral com laceração de canalículo lacrimal associado, fatores relacionados ao trauma e à intervenção cirúrgica e o sucesso anatômico e funcional pós-cirúrgico. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e analítico longitudinal, no qual foi realizada análise de prontuário dos pacientes com trauma palpebral e lesão canalicular associada, operados no período de 1° de janeiro de 2015 a 31 de julho de 2022. Os pacientes foram selecionados e contatados para avaliação presencial e aplicação de testes para análise do sucesso anatômico e funcional pós-cirúrgico. Resultados: Foram selecionados 84 pacientes, 28 compareceram para avaliação presencial. O sucesso anatômico foi obtido em 64,3%, e o funcional em 60,71% dos casos. A idade esteve associada ao mecanismo do trauma. Conclusão: A complexidade da lesão está associada ao sucesso anatômico e funcional finais, e o resultado do teste de Zappia-Milder guarda relação com a queixa de epífora.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with eyelid trauma associated with lacrimal canaliculus laceration, factors related to trauma and surgical intervention, and to evaluate post-surgical anatomical and functional success. Methods: A retrospective and longitudinal analytical study was conducted, in which chart analysis was performed for patients with eyelid trauma and associated canalicular injury, who were operated on from January 1, 2015, to July 31, 2022. Patients were selected and contacted for in-person evaluation and tests to analyze post-surgical anatomical and functional success. Results: We selected 84 patients, and 28 of them attended the in-person evaluation. Anatomical success was achieved in 64.3% of them, and functional success in 60.71% of the cases. Age was associated with trauma traumatic mechanism. Conclusion: Injury complexity is associated with final anatomical and functional success, and the result of the Zappia-Milder test is related to patients' complaints of epiphora.

3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(3): e2022, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520228

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: The emergency medical service is a fundamental part of healthcare, albeit crowded emergency rooms lead to delayed and low-quality assistance in actual urgent cases. Machine-learning algorithms can provide a smart and effective estimation of emergency patients' volume, which was previously restricted to artificial intelligence (AI) experts in coding and computer science but is now feasible by anyone without any coding experience through auto machine learning. This study aimed to create a machine-learning model designed by an ophthalmologist without any coding experience using AutoML to predict the influx in the emergency department and trauma cases. Methods: A dataset of 356,611 visits at Hospital da Universidade Federal de São Paulo from January 01, 2014 to December 31, 2019 was included in the model training, which included visits/day and the international classification disease code. The training and prediction were made with the Amazon Forecast by 2 ophthalmologists with no prior coding experience. Results: The forecast period predicted a mean emergency patient volume of 216.27/day in p90, 180.75/day in p50, and 140.35/day in p10, and a mean of 7.42 trauma cases/ day in p90, 3.99/day in p50, and 0.56/day in p10. In January of 2020, there were a total of 6,604 patient visits and a mean of 206.37 patients/day, which is 13.5% less than the p50 prediction. This period involved a total of 199 trauma cases and a mean of 6.21 cases/day, which is 55.77% more traumas than that by the p50 prediction. Conclusions: The development of models was previously restricted to data scientists' experts in coding and computer science, but transfer learning autoML has enabled AI development by any person with no code experience mandatory. This study model showed a close value to the actual 2020 January visits, and the only factors that may have influenced the results between the two approaches are holidays and dataset size. This is the first study to apply AutoML in hospital visits forecast, showing a close prediction of the actual hospital influx.


RESUMO Objetivo: Esse estudo tem como objetivo criar um modelo de Machine Learning por um oftalmologista sem experiência em programação utilizando auto Machine Learning predizendo influxo de pacientes em serviço de emergência e casos de trauma. Métodos: Um dataset de 366,610 visitas em Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de São Paulo de 01 de janeiro de 2014 até 31 de dezembro de 2019 foi incluído no treinamento do modelo, incluindo visitas/dia e código internacional de doenças. O treinamento e predição foram realizados com o Amazon Forecast por dois oftalmologistas sem experiência com programação. Resultados: O período de previsão estimou um volume de 206,37 pacientes/dia em p90, 180,75 em p50, 140,35 em p10 e média de 7,42 casos de trauma/dia em p90, 3,99 em p50 e 0,56 em p10. Janeiro de 2020 teve um total de 6.604 pacientes e média de 206,37 pacientes/dia, 13,5% menos do que a predição em p50. O período teve um total de 199 casos de trauma e média de 6,21 casos/dia, 55,77% mais casos do que a predição em p50. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento de modelos era restrito a cientistas de dados com experiencia em programação, porém a transferência de ensino com a tecnologia de auto Machine Learning permite o desenvolvimento de algoritmos por qualquer pessoa sem experiencia em programação. Esse estudo mostra um modelo com valores preditos próximos ao que ocorreram em janeiro de 2020. Fatores que podem ter influenciados no resultado foram feriados e tamanho do banco de dados. Esse é o primeiro estudo que aplicada auto Machine Learning em predição de visitas hospitalares com resultados próximos aos que ocorreram.

4.
Acta méd. peru ; 40(4): 343-349, oct.-dic. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556706

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1836-1923) fue un destacado político y militar peruano que ocupó la presidencia en dos periodos y lideró al ejército peruano durante la Guerra del Pacífico, por lo que es considerado un héroe nacional. Al inicio de su carrera militar, durante el sitio a la ciudad de Arequipa en 1858, sufrió una lesión ocular cuya cicatriz se observa en las fotografías que se le tomaron posteriormente a lo largo de su vida, lo que hizo que fuera apodado "El Tuerto" aunque al parecer su agudeza visual estuvo indemne. En este trabajo describiremos las circunstancias en las que se produjo la lesión oftálmica de Andrés Avelino Cáceres, las secuelas que pudo tener este traumatismo oftálmico y el tratamiento médico que pudo haber recibido, en base al propio relato del héroe y a las imágenes suyas que se conservan.


ABSTRACT Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1836-1923) was a prominent Peruvian politician and military man who held the presidency for two terms and led the Peruvian army during the Pacific War, for which he is considered a national hero. At the beginning of his military career, during the siege of the city of Arequipa in 1856, he suffered an eye injury whose scar can be seen in the photographs that were taken of him later throughout his life, which led to him being nicknamed "El Tuerto". We will describe the circumstances in which the ophthalmic injury of Andrés Avelino Cáceres occurred, the consequences that this ophthalmic trauma could have had and the treatment he could have received, based on the hero's own story and the images of him that are preserved.

5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;86(1): 46-51, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403482

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: One of the most important disadvantages of using Mini Monoka stents in pediatric canalicular laceration repair is premature stent loss. In this study, we aimed to compare clinical outcomes between the use of Mini Monoka and Masterka monocanalicular stents in children and discuss the potential causes of premature stent loss. Methods: The medical records of 36 patients who underwent surgical repair of canalicular lacerations were retrospectively reviewed. Children aged <18 years who underwent canalicular laceration repair with either Mini Monoka or Masterka and had at least 6 months of follow-up after stent removal were included in the study. The patients' demographics, mechanism of injury, type of stent used, premature stent loss, and success rate were analyzed. Success was defined as stent removal without subsequent epiphora and premature stent loss. Results: Twenty-seven children fulfilled our study criteria, and their data were included in the analyses. Mini Monoka was used in 14 patients (51.9%), whereas Masterka was used in 13 patients (48.1%). The preoperative clinical features, including age, sex, and mechanism of injury, were similar between the two groups. The mean age was 8.3 ± 5.5 years in the Mini Monoka group and 7.8 ± 5.9 years in the Masterka group (p=0.61). Three patients in the Mini Monoka group (21.4%) underwent reoperation due to premature stent loss. No premature stent loss was observed in the Masterka group. As a result, the rate of success was 78.6% in the Mini Monoka group, whereas it was 100% in the Masterka group (p=0.22). Conclusions: Even though the two groups did not show any statistically significant difference in success rate, we did not observe any premature stent loss in the Masterka group. Further studies with larger and randomized series are warranted to elaborate on these findings.


RESUMO Objetivo: Uma das desvantagens mais importantes do uso de stents Mini Monoka no reparo de lacerações canaliculares pediátricas é a perda prematura do stent. Neste estudo, objetivamos comparar os resultados clínicos dos stents monocanaliculares Mini Monoka e Masterka em crianças e discutir as possíveis causas da perda prematura do stent. Métodos: Foram incluídos nesta revisão retrospectiva 36 pacientes <18 anos de idade que se submeteram ao reparo cirúrgico de uma laceração canalicular com um stent Mini Monoka ou Masterka e tiveram pelo menos 6 meses de acompanhamento após a remoção do stent. Foram analisados os dados demográficos, o mecanismo da lesão, o tipo de stent utilizado, a ocorrência de perda prematura de stent e o sucesso da intervenção. O sucesso foi definido como a ausência de epífora após a remoção do stent, sem a perda prematura deste. Resultados: Vinte e sete pacientes preencheram os critérios do presente estudo e foram incluídos nas análises. O stent Mini Monoka foi usado em 14 pacientes (51,9%), enquanto o Masterka foi usado em 13 pacientes (48,1%). As características clínicas pré-operatórias, incluindo idade, sexo e mecanismo de lesão, foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos. A média de idade foi de 8,3 ± 5,5 anos no grupo Mini Monoka e de 7,8 ± 5,9 anos no grupo Masterka (p=0,61). Três pacientes do grupo Mini-Monoka (21,4%) tiveram que ser operados novamente por perda prematura do stent. Nenhuma perda prematura do stent foi observada no grupo Masterka. Como resultado, a taxa de sucesso foi de 78,6% no grupo Mini Monoka e de 100% no grupo Masterka (p=0,22). Conclusões: Embora nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa tenha sido detectada entre os dois grupos em termos de taxas de sucesso, não observamos nenhuma perda prematura de stent no grupo Masterka. São necessários mais estudos, com séries maiores e randomizadas, para chegar a maiores conclusões sobre esses achados.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Stents , Lacerations , Retrospective Studies
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;86(5): e20230067, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1513676

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to describe the visits profile to Hospital São Paulo's ophthalmology emergency department, a 24-hour public open-access tertiary-care service in São Paulo, Brazil, that belongs to Federal University of São Paulo, over the last 11 years. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted, including all patients (n=634,726) admitted to the ophthalmology emergency department of Hospital São Paulo between January 2009 and December 2019. Results: From 2009 to 2019, the number of patients' presentations increased to 39.2%, with considerable visits variation across the period. The median age was 38 ± 20.4 years. Males represented 53.3%, and single-visit patients represented 53.1%. A total of 79.5% of patients' presentations occurred from 7 am to 5 pm, and 80.8% of patients' presentations occurred during regular weekdays. The most frequent diagnoses were conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, hordeolum/chalazion, and corneal foreign body. Conclusions: Over the study period, presentations significantly increased in number, with nonurgent visits predominance, and a low number of single-visit patients. Our results demonstrate the ophthalmic visits profile and can lead to changes in the public health system to improve the quality of care and ophthalmology emergency access in São Paulo city.


RESUMO Objetivos: O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o perfil das visitas ao Pronto-Socorro de Oftalmologia (PS) do Hospital São Paulo, serviço público de atendimento terciário aberto 24 horas em São Paulo - Brasil, pertencente à Universidade Federal de São Paulo, nos últimos 11 anos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal retrospectivo, com base em todos os pacientes (n=634.726) admitidos no pronto-socorro de oftalmologia do Hospital São Paulo entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2019. Resultados: De 2009 a 2019, houve um aumento no influxo de 39,2% com importante variação nos atendimentos ao longo dos anos, a mediana de idade foi de 38 ± 20,4 anos, o sexo masculino representou 53,3% e os pacientes únicos representaram 53,1%. Verificou-se que 79,5% das visitas ocorreram das 7h às 17h e 80,8% nos dias da semana. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram conjuntivite aguda seguida de blefarite, ceratite, hordéolo / calázio e corpo estranho corneano. Conclusão: Ao longo do período de análise do estudo, houve importante aumento nas apresentações, com predominância de atendimentos não urgentes e baixa proporção de pacientes com uma única visita. Nossos resultados evidenciam o perfil das consultas oftalmológicas, podendo gerar mudanças no sistema público de saúde visando a melhoria da qualidade do atendimento e acesso às emergências oftalmológicas na cidade de São Paulo.

7.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 82: e0059, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521778

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Um em cada quatro pacientes acometidos por trauma maxilofacial terão concomitantemente fraturas da órbita e lesão ocular. Por isso, uma avaliação oftalmológica minuciosa é recomendada para todos os pacientes que sofrem um trauma de face. Alguns exames oftalmológicos logo após o trauma podem ser decisivos para a preservação da acuidade visual. Sujeitos com achados de exame físico de acuidade visual deficitárias, defeito pupilar aferente e imagens radiográficas com alta profundidade da fratura da órbita estão em maior risco de perda de visão e justificam preocupação específica para avaliação de lesão ocular. O objetivo deste estudo foi reunir as manifestações clínicas oftalmológicas prevalentes em pacientes acometidos por fraturas orbitárias, com o intuito de adquirir melhor perspectiva e entendimento acerca das consequências que a patologia traz ao indivíduo, no que tange à oftalmologia e aos tratamentos mais adequados. Trata-se de estudo de revisão integrativa, utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed®/Medline®, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Lilacs, com um vocabulário controlado segundo a estratégia de busca em cada uma das bases de dados bibliográficas, por meio dos termos "ophthalmologic complications", "prevalence", "orbital fracture", em estudos publicados de 2013 a 2023. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada usando o Study Quality Assessment Tool from the Department of Health and Human Services. Foram encontradas 46 referências, sendo 20 no Pubmed®/Medline®, 17 na SciELO, 9 na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e nenhuma na Lilacs. Após excluir referências duplicadas, foram selecionadas 44 referências para avaliação de elegibilidade. Após leitura dos títulos e resumos (n=44), 36 estudos foram excluídos pelas seguintes razões: artigos que não respondiam a nossa pergunta científica (n=11) e publicação superior a 10 anos (n=25). Identificaram-se, nos oito artigos selecionados, o objetivo do estudo, a população estudada o nível de evidência. Os oito estudos tiveram como objetivo analisar traumas orbitais com alterações funcionais significativas oculares e visuais pelo prejuízo ao tecido ósseo, nervoso, vascular e até parenquimatoso cerebral na região do assoalho e paredes de cavidades orbital. Dentre as manifestações clínicas oftalmológicas mais importantes, listam-se manifestação de enoftalmia, diplopia, hifema traumático, hemorragia retiniana, amaurose, quemose, neuropatia óptica traumática e hematoma retrobulbar. Considerando os oito estudos analisados, verificou-se a presença unânime de manifestações clínicas oftalmológicas na totalidade dos pacientes acometidos, sendo predominantes a baixa acuidade visual e o hifema. No que tange aos achados de menor prevalência, ao equipará-los às manifestações clínicas oftalmológicas mais encontradas, verifica-se que possuem como fator principal o estado transitório, concluindo-se que, mesmo com toda a gravidade do quadro de fratura orbitária, sua tendência é não deixar sequelas permanentes em grande partes dos casos, ainda que não seja nítida a relação estabelecida pela ausência de sequelas permanentes, especulando-se que essa ausência se deve à identificação do quadro e à intervenção adequada em tempo hábil.


ABSTRACT One in four patients affected by maxillofacial trauma will have concomitant orbital fractures and ocular injuries; therefore, an ophthalmological evaluation is recommended for all patients who have been affected by facial trauma. Some ophthalmological exams soon after the trauma can be decisive for the preservation of visual acuity. Patients with physical examination findings of poor visual acuity, afferent pupillary defect, radiographic images with high depth of orbital fracture, are at greater risk of vision loss and specific concern for evaluation of ocular injury. The objective of this study was to gather the prevalent ophthalmologic clinical manifestations in patients affected by orbital fractures, to achieve a better perspective and understanding about the consequences that the pathology brings to the individual regarding ophthalmology and the most appropriate treatments. This is an integrative review study, using the Pubmed®/Medline®, SciELO, Virtual Health Library and Lilacs databases, with a controlled vocabulary according to the search strategy in each of the bibliographic databases, using the terms "ophthalmologic complications", "prevalence", "orbital fracture", in studies published from 2013 to 2023. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Study Quality Assessment Tool from the Department of Health and Human Services. A total of 46 references were found, 20 in Pubmed®/Medline®, 17 in SciELO, 9 in the Virtual Health Library and none in Lilacs. After excluding duplicate references, 44 references were selected for eligibility assessment. After reading the titles and abstracts (n=44), 36 studies were excluded for the following reasons: articles that did not answer our scientific question (n=11) and publication over 10 years (n=25). In the eight selected articles, the objective of the study, the population studied, and the level of evidence were identified. The eight studies aimed to analyze orbital trauma with significant ocular and visual functional changes due to damage to bone, nerve, vascular, and even brain parenchymal tissue in the region of the floor and walls of orbital cavities. Among the most important ophthalmologic clinical manifestations, there are enophthalmos, diplopia, traumatic hyphema, retinal hemorrhage, amaurosis, chemosis, traumatic optic neuropathy and retrobulbar hematoma. Considering the eight studies analyzed, there was a unanimous presence of ophthalmological clinical manifestations in all affected patients, with low visual acuity and hyphema being predominant. Regarding the findings of lower prevalence, when equating them to the most common ophthalmologic clinical manifestations, they have as main factor the transient state, which can be concluded that, even with all the severity of the orbital fracture, its tendency is not to leave permanent sequelae in most cases, although the relationship established by the absence of permanent sequelae is not clear, speculating that this absence is due to the identification of the condition and the appropriate intervention in a timely manner.

8.
Rev Cient Odontol (Lima) ; 11(3): e169, 2023.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38287994

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The dentist and auxiliary personnel are in constant risk of occupational diseases such as: allergies, infections, skin or eye injuries; that could affect patients. A problem of social interest are the ocular injuries that occur to dental personnel. The literature reveals the prevalence of eye injuries in dental practice that are associated with solid particles, fluid splashes. Our objective was, through a systematic review, to review the types of ocular injuries and their associated factors that occurred in dental practice. Material and Methods: The relevant studies were searched in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Ebsco, among others. The search included cross-sectional studies that evaluated the evidence on ocular injuries occurring in dental practice, excluding literature reviews, letters to the reader, and editorials. Results: Eight studies were included to develop the systematic review; determining that the associated factors of ocular injuries occurred in dental practice are: a) occasional use of ocular protection b) age c) sex d) years of practice and the types of ocular injuries are the entry of liquids and foreign bodies. Conclusions: Deficiency in compliance with eye or facial protection protocols in dental practice, cause eye injuries; Type of fluid entry, foreign bodies, splash of biological fluids or conjunctivitis. These eye injuries are generated from associated factors such as the occasional use of eye protection, age, sex, and others.

9.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;85(6): 558-564, Nov.-Dec. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403458

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the epidemiological profiles of evisceration and enucleation cases in the ophthalmologic emergency department of a Brazilian tertiary hospital. Methods: Patients treated in the ophthalmologic emergency department of Hospital São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) during the period 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Urgent cases of evisceration or enucleation surgery were included, and elective cases were excluded. The following information was extracted from the patients' medical records: demographic data, immediate and associated reasons for the surgical procedure, informed visual acuity, symptom duration until ophthalmologic care, complications, distance from the residence to the tertiary hospital, and time of hospitalization. Results: In total, 61 enucleations and 121 eviscerations were included in this study. The patients had a mean age of 63.27 ± 18.68 years. Of the patients, 99 were male (54.40%), and 83 were female (45.60%). The indications for evisceration or enucleation were corneal perforation with (44.50%) and without (23.63%) signs of infection, endophthalmitis (15.38%), ocular trauma (14.29%), neoplasia (0.55%), burn accident (1.10%), and phthisis bulbi (0.55%). The self-reported visual acuity was no light perception (87.36%) or light perception (1.10%). However, 3.30% of the patients did not cooperate with the examination, and no information on visual acuity was available for the remaining 8.24%. The mean symptom duration before ophthalmologic care was sought was 18.32 days. Two patients had sympathetic ophthalmia after evisceration. Conclusions: More eviscerations than enucleations were performed throughout the study period. The most common demographic characteristics were age >60 years and male sex. The main indications for urgent evisceration and enucleation procedures were corneal perforation with and without infection, endophthalmitis, and ocular trauma. The findings from this study could guide clinicians in performing preventive measures to avoid destructive eye procedures.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de evisceração e enucleação no pronto-socorro oftalmológico de um hospital terciário brasileiro. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos casos tratados no pronto-socorro oftalmológico do Hospital São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) entre os anos de 2013 a 2018. Os casos urgentes de evisceração e enucleação foram incluídos e os casos eletivos foram excluídos. A análise dos prontuários médicos foi baseada em: dados demográficos, causas imediatas e associadas ao procedimento, acuidade visual informada, duração dos sintomas antes do atendimento oftalmológico, complicações, distância da residência até o hospital e tempo de hospitalização. Resultados: 61 enucleações e 121 eviscerações foram incluídas no estudo. Os pacientes tinham uma média de idade de 63,27 ± 18,68 anos; 99 eram do sexo masculino (54,50%) e 83 do sexo feminino (45,60%). As indicações de evisceração e enucleação foram: perfuração corneana com (44,50%) e sem (23,63%) sinais infecciosos, endoftalmite (15,38%), trauma ocular (14,29%), neoplasia (0,55%), queimadura (1,10%) e phthisis bulbi (0,55%). A acuidade visual informada foi de ausência de percepção luminosa (87,36%), percepção luminosa (1.10%), ausência de colaboração (3,30%) e sem dados informados (8,24%). A média de tempo até a busca pelo serviço oftalmológico foi de 18,32 dias. Houve 2 casos de oftalmia simpática após evisceração. Conclusões: Eviscerações foram predominantemente realizadas em comparação a enucleações em todo o período de estudo. As características demográficas mais comuns foram idade >60 anos e sexo masculino. As principais indicações para procedimentos urgentes de evisceração e enucleação foram perfuração corneana com e sem infecção, endoftalmite e trauma ocular. Este estudo poderia guiar medidas preventivas para evitar procedimentos oculares destrutivos.

10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;85(3): 240-248, May-June 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383798

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: We aimed to study the characteristics of ocular trauma, an important but largely preventable global cause of blindness, in the United States. Methods: Retrospective chart review of the National Trauma Data Bank (2008-2014) was performed. All patients with ocular trauma were identified using ICD-9CM codes. The collected data were statistically analyzed with student's t-test, Chi-squared test, and logistic regression analysis performed using the SPSS software. The significance was set at p<0.05. Results: It was found that 316,485 (5.93%) of the 5,336,575 admitted trauma patients had ocular injuries. Their mean (SD) age was 41.8 (23) years, and most of them were men (69.4%). Race/ethnicity distribution was White 66.1%, Black 15.1%, and Hispanic 12.3%. The common injuries were orbital 39.5% and eye/adnexa contusions 34%. Associated traumatic brain injury was present in 58.2%. The frequent mechanisms were falls 25.5%, motor vehicle accident-occupant 21.8%, and struck by/against 17.6%. Patients <21 years of age had higher odds of cut/pierce injuries (OR=3.29, 95%CI=3.07-3.51) than the other age groups, those aged 21-64 years had higher odds of motor vehicle accident-cyclist (OR=4.95, 95%CI=4.71-5.19), and those >65 years had higher odds of falls (OR=16.75, 95%CI=16.39-17.12); p<0.001. The Blacks had a greater likelihood of firearm injuries (OR=3.24, 95%CI=3.10-3.39) than the other racial/ethnic groups, the Hispanics experienced more of cut/pierce injuries (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.85-2.18), and the Whites experienced more of falls (OR=2.3, 95%CI=2.3-2.4); p<0.001. The Blacks (OR=3.41, 95%CI=3.34-3.48) and Hispanics (OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.71-1.79) mostly suffered assaults, while the Whites suffered unintentional injuries (OR=2.78 95%CI=2.74-2.84); p<0.001. Optic nerve/visual pathway injuries had the greatest association with very severe injury severity scores (OR=3.27, 95%CI=3.05-3.49) and severe Glasgow Coma Scores (OR=3.30, 95%CI=3.08-3.54); p<0.001. The mortality rate was 3.9%. Conclusions: Male preponderance and falls, motor vehicle accident-occupant, and struck by/against mechanisms agree with the previous reports. The identified demographic patterns underscore the need to develop group-specific preventive measures.


RESUMO Objetivo: O trauma ocular é uma causa importante e amplamente evitável de cegueira em todo o mundo. Nosso objetivo é estudar suas características nos EUA. Métodos: Revisão retrospectiva do National Trauma Data Bank (2008-2014). Todos os pacientes com trauma ocular foram identificados com códigos CID-9CM. Os dados coletados foram analisados estatísticamente e o teste t de student foi utilizado. As análises qui-quadrado e de regressão logística foram realizadas com o software SPSS. A significância foi estabelecida em p<0,05. Resultados: 316.485 (5,93%) de 5.336.575 pacientes internados com trauma, apresentaram lesões oculares. A média (DP) de idade foi de 41,8 (23) anos. A maioria era do sexo masculino (69,4%). A distribuição raça/etnia foi branca: 66,1%, negra; 15,1% e hispânica: 12,3%. As lesões comuns foram orbitárias: 39,5% e contusões dos olhos/anexos: 34%. A maioria (58,2%) teve lesão cerebral traumática. Os mecanismos frequentes foram: quedas: 25,5%, acidente com veículos motorizados: 21,8% e acidentes atingidos por algo/contra algo: 17,6%. Os pacientes <21 anos apresentaram chance aumentada de lesões com corte/perfuração (RC=3,29; IC95% = 3,07-3,51) do que outras faixas etárias, aqueles entre 21-64 anos responderam por acidente automobilístico-ciclista: (RC=4,95; IC95% = 4,71-5,19) e aqueles >65 anos foram vítimas de quedas (RC=16,75; IC 95% = 16,39-17,12); p<0,001. Os negros apresentaram maior probabilidade de lesões por arma de fogo (RC=3,24; IC95% = 3,10-3,39) do que outras raças/etnias e os hispânicos tiveram mais lesões de corte/perfuração (RC=2,01; IC95%= 1,85-2,18) enquanto os brancos tiveram mais quedas: (RC=2,3; IC95%= 2,3-2,4); p<0,001. Os negros (RC=3,41; IC95% = 3,34-3,48) e os hispânicos (RC=1,75; IC95% = 1,71-1,79) sofreram principalmente agressões e os brancos tiveram lesões não intencionais (RC=2,78; IC95% 2,74-2,84); p<0,001. Lesões do nervo óptico/via visual apresentaram maior associação com escore de gravidade de lesão muito grave (RC=3,27; IC95%= 3,05-3,49) e escores graves de Coma de Glasgow (RC=3,30; IC95%= 3,08-3,54); p<0,001. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 3,9%. Conclusões: Houve preponderância masculina a quedas, a acidentes com veículo motorizado atingidos por algo/contra algo conforme os relatos anteriores. Os padrões demográficos identificados realçam a necessidade de desenvolver medidas de prevenção específicas para os diferentes grupos.

11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;85(3): 229-234, May-June 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383804

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To examine changes in the eyes after cold compress application at the early stage. Method: A total of 62 eyes from 62 healthy adult participants were included in this cross-sectional and comparative study. The subfoveal choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber thickness were measured by spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography. The central corneal thickness, anterior segment volume and depth, iridocorneal angle, and pupil diameter were measured by means of the Scheimpflug anterior segment imaging method. The measurements were repeated after 10 min of cold compress application, which was applied using special packs. The procedures were then repeated with non-cold packages to exclude the effect of pressure. Results: The average age of the participants was 30.74 ± 5.82 years. There was no significant change in the central corneal thickness after cold compress application, and there was a significant decrease in the anterior segment volume (p<0.001), anterior segment depth (p<0.001), and pupil diameter. Moreover, the iridocorneal angle increased (p=0.002). The subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased after the application of cold compress (p<0.001). The overall disk thickness (p=0.034) and superior nasal scale (p=0.007) significantly decreased after the cold compress was administered during the evaluation of optic nerve fiber thickness. In contrast to that with the cold application, the subfoveal choroidal thickness and optic nerve fiber thickness did not change after the non-cold compress application (p>0.05). Conclusion: Cold compress application may thus cause some physiological changes in the eyes, which necessitates the examination of its usage and effects.


RESUMO Objetivos: Examinar as mudanças nos olhos após a aplicação com compressa fria. Método: Sessenta e dois olhos de 62 adultos saudáveis foram incluídos neste estudo transversal e comparativo. A espessura da coróide subfoveal e a espessura da fibra nervosa retiniana foram mensuradas por tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral (OCT). A espessura central da córnea, o volume e a profundidade do segmento anterior, o ângulo iridocorneano e o diâmetro da pupila foram mensurados por meio do método de imagem do segmento anterior de Scheimpflug. As medições foram repetidas após 10 minutos de aplicação de compressas frias, aplicadas com embalagens especiais. Os procedimentos foram repetidos com embalagens não frias para excluir o efeito da pressão. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 30,74 ± 5,82 anos. Embora não tenha havido alteração significativa na espessura central da córnea após a aplicação da compressa fria, houve diminuição significativa no volume do segmento anterior (p<0,001), na profundidade do segmento anterior (p<0,001) e no diâmetro da pupila. Além disso, o ângulo iridocorneano aumentou (p=0,002). A espessura da coróide subfoveal diminuiu após a aplicação da compressa fria (p<0,001). A espessura total do disco (p=0,034) e a escala nasal superior (p=0,007) diminuíram significativamente após a administração da compressa fria durante a avaliação da espessura da fibra do nervo óptico. Ao contrário da aplicação com compressa fria, a espessura da coróide subfoveal e a espessura da fibra do nervo óptico não mudaram após a aplicação da compressa não fria (p>0,05). Conclusão: A aplicação de compressa fria pode causar algumas alterações fisiológicas nos olhos e o seu uso e efeitos devem ser observados.

12.
Clin Exp Emerg Med ; 9(1): 41-46, 2022 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35354234

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the prognostic value of the Pediatric Penetrating Ocular Trauma Score (POTS) with the Toddler/Infant Ocular Trauma Score (TOTS) in a cohort of Brazilian children with open-globe injuries. METHODS: This retrospective, observational case series included consecutive children with open-globe injuries seen at the Santa Casa de Sao Paulo Eye Emergency Service. The medical records of all patients were reviewed for data analysis, including the circumstance and time of injury, type of penetrating injury, initial and final visual acuity (VA), time of surgery, and associated eye diseases. The test characteristics of POTS and TOTS for VA were calculated and compared by the McNemar test. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included. The mean age was 3.9 ± 1.6 years; 20 were male patients and 10 were female patients. Most wounds were limited to the anterior segment (93.3%). The sensitivity for the POTS was higher than that of the TOTS (100%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 75.3-100 vs. 61.5%; 95% CI, 31.6-86.1; P = 0.014). The specificity was not significantly different (14.3%; 95% CI, 0.4-57.8 vs. 0%; 95% CI, 0-41.0; P = 0.563). The accuracy for the POTS was higher than the TOTS (70.0%; 95% CI, 45.7-88.1 vs. 40.0%; 95% CI, 19.1-63.9; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this cohort of Brazilian children with open-globe injuries, the POTS had better accuracy than did the TOTS in predicting VA after treatment.

13.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0068, 2022. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407684

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A oftalmologia fornece um campo vasto de conhecimentos necessários à medicina legal e às perícias médicas. O presente artigo objetivou revisar as informações na perícia criminal e cível, as repercussões da morte e os achados post-mortem que o exame ocular pode fornecer. Demonstrou-se que a perícia ocular é complexa e multifacetada, fornecendo ferramentas importantes para a classificação das lesões corporais, verificação da capacidade laboral, investigação da causa mortis e estimativa do tempo de morte.


ABSTRACT Ophthalmology provides a vast field of knowledge necessary for forensic medicine and medical expertise. The present article aimed to review the information on criminal and civil medical expertise, the repercussions of death, and the postmortem findings that the eye examination can provide. Ocular expertise has been shown to be complex and multifaceted, providing important tools to classify bodily injuries, verify work capacity, investigate the cause of death, and estimate the time of death.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ophthalmology/legislation & jurisprudence , Expert Testimony/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Legislation, Medical , Postmortem Changes , Reflex, Pupillary , Time Factors , Blinking , Brain Death , Visual Acuity , Thanatology , Eye Injuries , Cause of Death , Death , Diagnosis
14.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;84(6): 576-581, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350076

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the visual acuities predicted by the Ocular Trauma Score and each one of the Ocular Trauma Score variables with the final visual acuities of the victims of open globe injuries in a southern Brazil hospital. Methods: A total of 120 eyes of 119 individuals with open globe injuries were analyzed in this cross-sectional retrospective study that was developed in a university hospital. The information on age, sex, affected eye, trauma mechanism, and other data (such as initial visual acuity, the presence of globe rupture, perforating injury, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, and afferent pupillary defect) were used to calculate the Ocular Trauma score, and the final visual acuities of all patients were retrieved from the patients' medical records. Results: We noted an agreement between the visual acuity predicted by the Ocular Trauma Score and the final visual acuity in our study. An isolated analysis of the variables demonstrated significance with regard to the initial visual acuity (p<0.001), retinal detachment (p=0.001), and afferent pupillary defect (p=0.004). No significant differences were detected between the final visual acuities and those determined by the Ocular Trauma Score system for the present study population. Conclusions: The Ocular Trauma Score can be applied for the determination of the visual prognoses of victims of open globe injuries. The most significant variables in this predictive analysis are initial visual acuity, retinal detachment, and afferent pupillary defect. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a acuidade visual prevista pelo Escore de Trauma Ocular com a acuidade visual final dos pacientes vítimas de trauma ocular aberto atendidos em hospital no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foram analisados 120 olhos de 119 vítimas de trauma ocular aberto. Foi realizado um estudo observacional e retrospectivo em hospital universitário. Foram extraídos dados de prontuários relacionados a idade, sexo, olho acometido e mecanismo de trauma, bem como dados para o cálculo do Escore de Trauma Ocular (acuidade visual inicial, presença de ruptura de globo, perfuração, endoftalmite, descolamento de retina, defeito pupilar aferente) e acuidade visual final. Resultado: Houve concordância entre a acuidade visual prevista pelo Escore de Trauma Ocular e a acuidade visual final prevista no presente estudo. A análise isolada das variáveis demonstrou significância para acuidade visual inicial (p<0,001), para descolamento de retina (p=0,001) e para defeito pupilar aferente (p<0,004). Não houve diferença significativa entre a acuidade visual final do estudo original do Escore de Trauma Ocular. e na população abordada no presente estudo. Conclusão: O Escore de Trauma Ocular pode ser aplicado à população estudada no presente estudo como ferramenta de determinação do prognóstico visual em vítimas de trauma ocular aberto. As variáveis mais significativas são acuidade visual inicial, descolamento de retina e defeito pupilar aferente. Estudos prospectivos com amostras maiores são necessários para comprovar tal hipótese.

15.
Horiz. med. (Impresa) ; 21(3)jul. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506321

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del suero autólogo rico en factores de crecimiento en la reparación de lesiones de la superficie ocular de evolución incierta con el tratamiento convencional. Materiales y métodos: Se trataron 46 unidades oculares con afecciones de la superficie ocular agrupadas en queratopatías por exposición, queratopatías por síndrome de ojo seco / neurotróficas, y traumas oculares. Las partes oculares afectadas fueron: conjuntiva, cornea (epitelio, estroma) y esclera. Se evaluaron de manera anatómica y funcional con la prueba de Schirmer, tinción con Fluoresceína y tomografía de coherencia óptica (TCO) entre marzo y diciembre del 2020. Resultados: Los síntomas mejoraron en el siguiente orden: dolor ocular, sensación de cuerpo extraño, blefaroespasmo, hiperemia y lagrimeo. Las lesiones evolucionaron favorablemente de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar las conjuntivales y del epitelio corneal, luego las del estroma corneal y finalmente las lesiones en la esclera. Se obtuvo una media de 15 días para recuperación inmediata de la superficie y de 21 días para recuperación tardía. Las lesiones con adelgazamiento parcial profundo de esclera tomaron alrededor de 2 meses. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos relacionados al umbral del dolor, tiempo de recuperación, remodelación cicatrizal del tejido afectado y recuperación de la agudeza visual son prometedores e importantes. La utilización de suero autólogo rico en factores de crecimiento puede ser una alternativa terapéutica para las lesiones de difícil resolución con el tratamiento convencional.


Objective: To determine the effectiveness of autologous serum rich in growth factors to repair ocular surface lesions which have uncertain progression with conventional treatment. Materials and methods: AForty-six (46) eyes with ocular surface disorders such as exposure keratopathy, keratopathy caused by dry eye syndrome, neurotrophic keratopathy and blunt eye injury were treated. The affected areas were the conjunctiva, cornea (epithelium, stroma) and sclera. Anatomical and functional evaluations were performed between March and December 2020 using Schirmer's test, fluorescein eye stain and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results: The symptoms improved in the following order: eye pain, foreign body sensation, blepharospasm, hyperemia and epiphora. Additionally, the lesions progressed favorably as follows: first, those of the conjunctiva and corneal epithelium; then, those of the corneal stroma; and, finally, those of the sclera. An average of 15 days was required for immediate ocular surface recovery and 21 days for late recovery. The lesions with total scleral thinning healed in about two months. Conclusions: The findings related to pain threshold, recovery time, scar tissue remodeling of the affected tissue and visual acuity improvement are promising and important. Using autologous serum rich in growth factors may be a therapeutic alternative for those lesions that are difficult to resolve with conventional treatment.

16.
BMC Ophthalmol ; 21(1): 248, 2021 Jun 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34088276

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Eye injury is a serious worldwide public health problem that may cause blindness. In children, blindness has functional impact and psychosocial implications. As indicated in many worldwide studies, identification of risk factors associated with the socio-cultural context may prevent eye injuries. The objetive of the study is to describe the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric eye injury and its effects on ocular structures in a public hospital from Colombia. METHOD: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, in a tertiary public hospital of a medium-sized city located in the Northeast of Colombia. Children under 15 years old with trauma to the eyeball or its adnexa were included. The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS) was used. Eye burns and Ocular adnexa were also included. RESULTS: 61 cases of eye injuries were recorded, 67.21% (41 cases) of which were males. 57.37% (35 cases) corresponded to closed-globe injuries both contusion and lamellar laceration. Visual acuity fluctuated between 20/20 and 20/40. 14.75% (9 cases) were open-globe injuries while 50% (4 cases) were penetrating trauma. 27.86% of the injuries (17 cases) did not directly compromise the eyeball, 58.82% (10 of these cases) of which corresponded to eyelid wounds, and neither of those had visual acuity information. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the majority of eye injuries in children under 15 years old, from a public hospital in the Northeast of Colombia, are closed globe, caused by blows, and occur in males.


Subject(s)
Eye Injuries , Adolescent , Child , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Eye Injuries/epidemiology , Female , Hospitals, Public , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies
17.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;84(1): 58-66, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153106

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: The United States of America has the highest gun ownership rate of all high-income nations, and firearms have been identified as a leading cause of ocular trauma and visual impairment. The purpose of this study was to characterize firearm-associated ocular injury and identify at-risk groups. Methods: Patients admitted with firearm-associated ocular injury were identified from the National Trauma Data Bank (2008-2014) using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic codes and E-codes for external causes. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 24 software. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Of the 235,254 patients, 8,715 (3.7%) admitted with firearm-associated trauma had ocular injuries. Mean (standard deviation) age was 33.8 (16.9) years. Most were males (85.7%), White (46.6%), and from the South (42.9%). Black patients comprised 35% of cases. Common injuries were orbital fractures (38.6%) and open globe injuries (34.7%). Frequent locations of injury were at home (43.8%) and on the street (21.4%). Black patients had the highest risk of experiencing assault (odds ratio [OR]: 9.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.02-10.11; p<0.001) and street location of injury (OR: 3.05; 95% CI: 2.74-3.39; p<0.001), while White patients had the highest risk of self-­inflicted injury (OR: 10.53; 95% CI: 9.39-11.81; p<0.001) and home location of injury (OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 3.33-3.98; p<0.001). There was a steadily increasing risk of self-inflicted injuries with age peaking in those >80 years (OR: 12.01; 95% CI: 7.49-19.23; p<0.001). Mean (standard deviation) Glasgow Coma Scale and injury severity scores were 10 (5.5) and 18.6 (13.0), respectively. Most injuries (53.1%) were classified as severe or very severe injury, 64.6% had traumatic brain injury, and mortality occurred in 16% of cases. Conclusion: Most firearm-associated ocular injuries occurred in young, male, White, and Southern patients. Blacks were disproportionally affected. Most firearm-associated ocular injuries were sight-­threatening and associated with traumatic brain injury. The majority survived, with potential long-term disabilities. The demographic differences identified in this study may represent potential targets for prevention.


RESUMO Objetivo: Os Estados Unidos têm a maior taxa de posse de armas de fogo de todos os países de alta renda e essas armas foram identificados como uma das maiores causas de trauma ocular e deficiência visual. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as lesões oculares associadas a armas de fogo e identificar grupos de risco. Métodos: Foram identificados pacientes hospitalizados com lesões oculares associadas a armas de fogo no período de 2008 a 2014, a partir do Banco de Dados Nacional de Trauma (National Trauma Data Bank), usando os códigos de diagnósticos da CID9MC e códigos "E" para causas externas. A análise estatística foi efetuada usando o programa SPSS. O nível de significância considerado foi de p<0,05. Resultados: De um total de 235.254 pacientes hospitalizados com trauma associado a armas de fogo, 8.715 (3,7%) tinham lesões oculares. A média de idade foi de 33,8 (DP 16,9) anos. A maioria foi de homens (85,7%), brancos (46,6%) e da região Sul (42,9%); 35% dos pacientes eram negros. As lesões mais comuns foram fraturas de órbita (38,6%) e lesões de globo aberto (34,7%). Os locais mais frequentes foram a residência (43,8%) e a rua (21,4%). Pacientes negros tiveram maior probabilidade de sofrer agressões (RP=9,0, IC 95%=8,02-10,11; p<0,001) e da ocorrência ser na rua (RP=3,05, IC 95%=2,74-3,39; p<0,001), enquanto pacientes brancos tiveram maior probabilidade de lesões autoprovocadas (RP=10,53, IC 95%=9,39-11,81; p<0,001) e da ocorrência ser na residência (RP=3,64, IC 95%=3,33-3,98; p<0,001). A probabilidade de lesões autoprovocadas aumentou com a idade de forma consistente, atingindo o máximo em pacientes com mais de 80 anos (RP=12,01, IC 95%=7,49-19,23; p<0,001). A pontuação média na escala de coma de Glasgow foi 10 (DP 5,5) e na escala de severidade da lesão foi 18,6 (DP 13,0). A maioria das lesões (53,1%) foi classificada como severa ou muito severa. Dentre os pacientes, 64,6% tiveram lesão cerebral traumática e 16% evoluíram a óbito. Conclusão: A maior parte das lesões oculares relacionadas a armas de fogo ocorreu em pacientes jovens, do sexo masculino, brancos e sulistas. Negros foram afetados desproporcionalmente. A maior parte das lesões oculares relacionadas a armas de fogo apresentou riscos à visão e foi associada a lesões cerebrais traumáticas. A maioria dos pacientes sobreviveu, mas com potencial para invalidez no longo prazo. As diferenças demográficas identificadas podem ser potencialmente alvos de ações preventivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Firearms , Eye Injuries/etiology , Eye Injuries/epidemiology , Databases, Factual , White People , United States/epidemiology , Injury Severity Score , Retrospective Studies
18.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(5): e0041, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347258

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a case of anterior uveitis caused by Euphorbia milii sap and review all reported cases of keratouveitis related to this species. Methods: A 64-year-old male patient presented with a 10-day history of reduced visual acuity, pain, and photophobia in the left eye after an accidental contact with Euphorbia milii sap. Best-corrected visual acuity was initially 20/200. Upon examination, ciliary injection, mild corneal edema; fine keratic precipitates, and significant anterior chamber reaction. There was no vitritis, and fundoscopy was unremarkable. The patient initiated on topical steroid and tropicamide. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity in left eye improved to 20/20 after using eyedrops for 3 weeks, associated with complete resolution of anterior uveitis. Over the following 6 months, best-corrected visual acuity remained stable, and no evidence of recurrent inflammation was observed. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case of keratouveitis caused by Euphorbia milii sap. As observed in other cases of keratouveitis caused by sap of this species, the clinical course is benign and characterized by moderate reaction of the anterior chamber, and corneal involvement of variable intensity.


RESUMO O objetivo foi relatar um caso de uveíte anterior induzida pela seiva da Euphorbia milii e revisar todos os casos relatados de ceratouveíte causados por essa espécie. Paciente do sexo masculino, 64 anos, apresentou história de 10 dias de evolução com redução da acuidade visual, dor e fotofobia no olho esquerdo, após contato acidental com a seiva da planta Euphorbia milii. A acuidade visual com melhor correção era inicialmente 20/200. O exame revelou injeção ciliar, edema de córnea leve, precipitados ceráticos finos e reação de câmara anterior significativa. Não havia vitreíte, e a fundoscopia não exibia alterações. Foram iniciados colírios de esteroides e tropicamida. A acuidade visual no olho esquerdo melhorou para 20/20 em 3 semanas com a utilização dos colírios, além de se ter alcançado a resolução completa da uveíte anterior. Nos 6 meses seguintes, a acuidade visual permaneceu estável, e não foi observada evidência de recorrência da inflamação. Até então, este é o terceiro caso relatado de ceratouveíte pela seiva da Euphorbia milii. Como visto nos demais casos de ceratouveíte induzidos pela seiva dessa espécie, o curso clínico é benigno e caracterizado por reação moderada da câmara anterior, com envolvimento corneano de intensidade variável.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Uveitis/chemically induced , Euphorbia/adverse effects , Plant Exudates/adverse effects , Keratitis/chemically induced , Plant Poisoning/complications , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Visual Acuity
19.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 79(6): 374-379, nov.-dez. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156166

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction. Methods: Prospective study including 23 eyes of 21 patients who underwent amniotic membrane transplantation at Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC-UFPR) and at Cirurgia e Diagnose em Oftalmologia do Paraná (CDOP) clinic, located in Curitiba, PR, Brazil, from may 2015 to july 2019. The amniotic membrane was collected from elective and term cesarean delivery, and conserved in preservation medium and glycerol 1:1, stored at -80° Celsius. The membrane was fixed on the ocular surface with 10-0 nylon, 8-0 vicryl, biological glue or a combination of these materials. Results: The ocular surface reconstruction was successful in 22 eyes (95.6%). Failure was observed only in 1 case (bullous keratopathy) in which the condition was maintained postoperatively. Patients' age ranged from 11-82 years, with a mean age of 37.4 years. There was a higher incidence in males (66.6%). A difference was perceived in the distribution of the affected eye (which was greater in the right eye - 65.2%). As for the previous ophthalmic surgery history, 12 of the 23 eyes had a positive history (52.2%). It was observed that all patients who had preoperative visual acuity assessed showed improvement or maintenance of corrected visual acuity. In the postoperative period, complications associated with the underlying disease were observed, although not particularly related to the amniotic membrane transplantation. There were not any cases of postoperative infection. Conclusions: There was an improvement in the general state of the ocular surface in almost all of the cases in which the transplant was performed. Therefore, the amniotic membrane can be considered a good alternative for reconstructing the ocular surface, as a single or supporting treatment.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia clínica do transplante de membrana amniótica na reconstrução da superfície ocular. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo incluiu 23 olhos de 21 pacientes que realizaram transplante de membrana amniótica no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) e na clínica de Cirurgia e Diagnose em Oftalmologia do Paraná (CDOP), localizados em Curitiba, PR, Brasil, no período de maio de 2015 a julho de 2019. A membrana amniótica foi captada a partir de parto cesárea eletivo e a termo, conservada em meio de preservação e glicerol 1:1 e armazenada a -80° Celsius. A membrana foi fixada na superfície ocular com fio nylon 10-0 ou vicryl 8-0 e/ou cola biológica. Resultados: A idade dos pacientes variou de 11-82 anos, com média de 37,4 anos. Houve maior incidência no sexo masculino (66,6%). Ocorreu diferença na distribuição do olho acometido (maior no olho direito - 65,2%). Quanto à história de cirurgia oftalmológica prévia, 12 dos 23 olhos tinham história positiva (52,2%). Observamos que nos pacientes em que foi possível a avaliação da acuidade visual pré-operatória, todos apresentaram melhora ou manutenção da acuidade visual. No pós-operatório foi observado complicações associadas à doença de base e não propriamente ao transplante de membrana amniótica. Não foram registrados casos de infecção pós-operatória. Conclusão: Houve melhora do estado geral da superfície ocular em quase totalidade dos casos em que o transplante foi realizado. Portanto, a membrana amniótica pode ser considerada uma boa alternativa para reconstrução da superfície ocular, como tratamento único ou coadjuvante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biological Dressings , Eye Injuries/surgery , Amnion/transplantation , Anterior Eye Segment/surgery , Prospective Studies
20.
Int Emerg Nurs ; 52: 100909, 2020 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32827934

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To characterize epidemiologically eye trauma in the municipality of Santa Rosa Del Sur, Bolívar, Colombia from June 2015 to May 2016. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive observational study of eye injuries was performed in patients recruited consecutively. Trauma characterization was performed following the international Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS) classification and incorporating ocular adnexa and burns. Injury causes, sociodemographic and clinical variables were included. RESULTS: There were 146 people with eye trauma (149 eyes) during the calendar year. The incidence was 3.61 per 1000 inhabitants: 94% (136) were men, 50.34% (73) traumas in the right eye and three people with bilateral traumas. 71.72% of the injuries were occupational accidents, the highest frequency being among people between 25 and 34 years of age 45 people, (31.03%); 8 children were affected. Applying the BETTS classification, there were 98.67% (147) with closed globe injury. Of these cases, 87.07% (128) were lamellar lacerations and 12.93% (19) contusions. Two eyes with open globe injury. The most compromised structure was the cornea in 75.84% (113). CONCLUSIONS: The data provide epidemiological characterization of eye injuries in a geographically isolated Colombian municipality. The male sex, informal work and lack of protective elements at work are factors more frequently seen in patients with eye injuries.


Subject(s)
Eye Injuries/epidemiology , Eye Injuries/etiology , Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Colombia/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Sex Factors
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