O universo do futebol no Brasil: os significadosdo torneio BAPE no Sertão do Rio São Francisco / The soccer universe in Brazil: the meanings of the BAPE tournament in the Sertão of the São Francisco River / El universo del fútbol en Brasil: los significados del torneo BAPE en el Sertão do Rio São Francisco

Objetivo: O artigo tematiza o universo do futebol amador do Sertão do Rio São Francisco através de um torneio denominado BAPE, cujo diferencial era opor times das cidades de Juazeiro (Bahia) e Petrolina (Pernambuco). Nosso objetivo é tomar esses jogos como veículos para a interpretação da cultura local. Método:A metodologia primou pela análise de reportagens jornalísticas realizadas pelo Jornal de Juazeiro durante a existência do torneio por três décadas, de 1970 a 1990. Conclusão:A análise documental evidenciou que o universo futebolístico do Bape trazia nas suas dinâmicas nuances e características significativas do contexto sociocultural do Vale do São Francisco, que se expressavam sobretudo pelas relações de rivalidade e vizinhança na construção social das identidades das cidades de Juazeiro e Petrolina.

Objective: This article thematizes the amateur soccer from the Sertão do Rio São Francisco through a tournament named BAPE, whose differential was oppose teams from the city of Juazeiro (Bahia) and Petrolina (Pernambuco). Our goal is to take these games as vehicles for interpreting local culture. Method:The methodology excelled in the analysis of journalistic reports carried out by the Jornal de Juazeiro, from 1970 to 1990. Conclusion:The documental analysis evidenced which the BAPE soccer universe brought in its dynamics nuances and significant features in the sociocultural contexto of the Vale do São Francisco, who expressed themselves, mainly because of the rivalry relationships and neighborhood in the identity construction of the cities Juazeiro and Petrolina.

Objetivo: El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar lo que el universo futbolístico de un torneo de fútbol amateur denominado BAPE reveló sobre el Valle de São Francisco durante el período en que se llevó a cabo. Ocurrió en las ciudades de Juazeiro da Bahía y Petrolina en Pernambuco, su nombre se refería a las abreviaturas de sus respectivos estados federales. Método:La metodología destacó en el análisis de reportajes periodísticos realizados por Jornal de Juazeiro en la ciudad de Juazeiro-Ba durante la existencia del torneo durante tres décadas, de 1970 a 1990. Conclusão:Aspectosdel contexto sociocultural del Valle de São Francisco, que fueron expresado, sobre todo, a través de las relaciones de rivalidad y vecindad entre las ciudades de Juazeiro y Petrolina.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi decrease Meloidogyne enterolobii infection of Guava seedlings.

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) production is prominent in the irrigated fruit growing area of Brazil. However, the parasite Meloidogyne enterolobii (a phytonematode) has caused a decrease in guava production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to be beneficial to plants; however, their ability to protect plants against nematodes such as M. enterolobii remains poorly known. This study aimed to monitor M. enterolobii infection in guava seedlings inoculated with three AMF species. After AMF inoculation, the seedlings were grown in sterile soil for 60 days before inoculation with 2000 M. enterolobii eggs. Plant growth parameters, mycorrhizal colonization and the number of Meloidogyne in the roots were determined over time (30 and 60 days after Meloidogyne inoculation). The AMF enhanced guava seedling growth, and reduced the amount of Meloidogyne in the roots at 30 and 60 days after nematode inoculation, indicating that these AMF species could serve as biocontrol agents of M. enterolobii in guava cultivation.

Residency Program Reputation Influences the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Match Results.

BACKGROUND: No data evaluate the impact that an applicant's residency program reputation has on the outcome of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) fellowship match. This study sought to determine if an applicant's residency program ranking was associated with where the applicant matched on their rank list. METHODS: We included all the US applicants from the "San Francisco Match" regarding AAHKS applicant data and match results from 2014 to 2018. Residency programs were divided into 5 tiers based on 2018 Doximity ranking of Orthopedic Residency Programs. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and analysis of variance. RESULTS: In total, 656 applicants met inclusion criteria (620 males; 36 females). Tier 1 applicants applied to an average of 10 fewer programs than applicants from all other tiers. Eighteen percent of applicants from tier 1 residencies were offered interviews at 80%+ of their applied programs compared to 5% or less of the applicants from all other tiers. Applicants from top tier residencies matched at a significantly higher place on their rank list than other tiers (P < .05) and ranked into one of their first 2 choices 72% of the time. The mean fellowship rank position for tier 1 applicants was 5.96 compared to 7.04, 7.85, 7.78, and 8.10 for subsequent tiers, respectively (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The fellowship match process represents a high-stakes and expensive process. This study found that applicants from more prestigious residency programs apply to fewer programs, gain more interviews, and match higher on their rank list than applicants from other residency programs.

O futebol no Vale do São Francisco: os significados do torneio BAPE em Juazeiro-BA e Petrolina-PE

RESUMO A pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender os significados históricos e socioculturais de um torneio de futebol denominado BAPE - o nome designa as siglas dos estados da Bahia e Pernambuco - ocorrido nas cidades de Juazeiro-BA e Petrolina-PE. A metodologia apoia-se na Nova História Cultural, compreende publicações periódicas (da década de 1980) na imprensa escrita como fonte de pesquisa e o tratamento dos dados foi realizado pela análise documental de matérias jornalísticas que noticiaram o evento. Essas matérias refletem o quão importante foi o torneio, por ser uma iniciativa inédita que consistia em opor suas equipes de futebol amador, ritualizando sentimentos de vizinhança e rivalidade entre as cidades, compondo uma agenda esportiva e de sociabilidade para o Vale do São Francisco.

ABSTRACT The research aims to understand the historical and sociocultural meanings of a soccer tournament called BAPE - the name designates the acronyms of the states of Bahia and Pernambuco - occurred in the cities of Juazeiro-BA and Petrolina-PE. The methodology supports in the New Cultural History, comprises periodical publications (of the 1980s) in the written press as a source of research and the treatment of the data was done by the documentary analysis of journalistic matters that reported the event. These matters reflect how important the tournament was, as it was an unprecedented initiative to oppose their amateur soccer teams, ritualizing neighborhood feelings and rivalry between cities, composing a sports and sociability agenda for the San Francisco Valley.

RESUMEN La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender los significados históricos y socioculturales de un torneo de fútbol denominado BAPE - las siglas designam los estados de Bahía y Pernambuco - ocurrido en las ciudades de Juazeiro-BA y Petrolina-PE. La metodología apoya en la Nueva Historia Cultural, comprende publicaciones de la década de 1980 en la prensa escrita y el tratamiento de los datos fue realizado por el análisis documental de materias periodísticas que noticiaron el evento. Estas materias reflejan lo importante que fue el torneo, por ser una iniciativa inédita que consistía en oponer a sus equipos de fútbol aficionado, ritualizando sentimientos de vecindad y rivalidad entre las ciudades, componiendo una agenda deportiva y de sociabilidad para el Valle del San Francisco.

Prevalencia de cicatrices retinocoroideas por toxoplasma en una población del Paraguay / Prevalence of toxoplasma retinochoroidal scars in a paraguayan population

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de cicatrices retinianas por toxoplasmosis en la población adulta en el municipio de San Francisco de Atyra en Paraguay. Se examinó dicha población desde julio del 2013 hasta marzo 2014, con la participaron en forma voluntaria de 61 familias seleccionadas al azar y dentro de cada una de ellas un integrante mayor de 18 años igualmente seleccionado al azar. Se realizó la toma de la agudeza visual utilizando la cartilla de Snellen en cada ojo por separado a 6 metros del paciente, refracción automatizada, prueba refractiva, biomicroscopía en lámpara de hendidura con énfasis en la profundidad de la cámara anterior de forma inmediata se descartaron pacientes con cámaras anteriores pandas o estrechas (utilización de gonioscopio mirrow 4 mini), presión intraocular, instilación de Tropicamida 0,5%/Fenilefrina HCL 5% en cada ojo, evaluación del polo posterior en lámpara de hendidura con lente de 90D Superfield, oftalmoscopia indirecta con lente de 20D y fotografía en la cámara no midriática. El diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis ocular fue basado en criterios clínicos, y aspectos de la cicatriz de la lesión por retinocoroiditis. Recibieron evaluación oftalmológica 61 pacientes de los cuales 6 pacientes fueron excluidos. La prevalencia de cicatrices corioretininanas fue del 9,1%, siendo más frecuente en hombres sin predilección de edad ni de lateralidad ocular, con agudeza visual igual o mejor a 20/40 con su mejor corrección.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of retinal scars caused bytoxoplasmosis in an adult population from the municipality of San Francisco de Atyra inParaguay. The population of this town was examined from July, 2013 to March 2014.Sixty families, randomly selected, participated voluntarily and within each of them amember older than 18 years of age also selected randomly. Visual acuity was measuredusing the Snellen chart in each eye separately at 6 meters from the patient, as well as theautomated refraction, refraction test, biomicroscopy with a slit lamp with emphasis in thedepth of the anterior chamber. Patients with panda or narrow front chambers (use of amini 4 mirror gonioscope) were discarded. Intraocular pressure, instillation of tropicamide0.5%/phenylephrine HCl 5% in each eye, evaluation of the posterior pole in a slit lampwith 90D Superfield lens, indirect ophtalmoscopy with 20D lenses and photography with non-mydriatic camera were also carried out. The diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis wasbased in clinical criteria and aspects of the lesion scar by retinochoroiditis. Sixty onepatients were evaluated ophtalmologically and six were excluded. The prevalence ofchorioretinal scars was 9.1% being more frequent in men without age predominance orocular laterality, with visual acuity equal to or better than 20/40 with its best correction.

Treatment and outcomes of ARUBA-eligible patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations at a single institution.

OBJECT: Management of unruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is controversial. In the first randomized trial of unruptured AVMs (A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations [ARUBA]), medically managed patients had a significantly lower risk of death or stroke and had better outcomes. The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) was one of the participating ARUBA sites. While 473 patients were screened for eligibility, only 4 patients were enrolled in ARUBA. The purpose of this study is to report the treatment and outcomes of all ARUBA-eligible patients at UCSF. METHODS: The authors compared the treatment and outcomes of ARUBA-eligible patients using prospectively collected data from the UCSF brain AVM registry. Similar to ARUBA, they compared the rate of stroke or death in observed and treated patients and used the modified Rankin Scale to grade outcomes. RESULTS: Of 74 patients, 61 received an intervention and 13 were observed. Most treated patients had resection with or without preoperative embolization (43 [70.5%] of 61 patients). One of the 13 observed patients died after AVM hemorrhage. Nine of the 61 treated patients had a stroke or died. There was no significant difference in the rate of stroke or death (HR 1.34, 95% CI 0.12-14.53, p = 0.81) or clinical impairment (Fisher's exact test, p > 0.99) between observed and treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of stroke or death and degree of clinical impairment among treated patients was lower than reported in ARUBA. The authors found no significant difference in outcomes between observed and treated ARUBA-eligible patients at UCSF. Results in ARUBA-eligible patients managed outside that trial led to an entirely different conclusion about AVM intervention, due to the primary role of surgery, judicious surgical selection with established outcome predictors, and technical expertise developed at high-volume AVM centers.

The effect of preoperative nutritional status on postoperative outcomes in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart defects in San Francisco (UCSF) and Guatemala City (UNICAR).

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the association between preoperative nutritional status and postoperative outcomes in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart defects (CHD). METHODS: Seventy-one patients with CHD were enrolled in a prospective, 2-center cohort study. We adjusted for baseline risk differences using a standardized risk adjustment score for surgery for CHD. We assigned a World Health Organization z score for each subject's preoperative triceps skin-fold measurement, an assessment of total body fat mass. We obtained preoperative plasma concentrations of markers of nutritional status (prealbumin, albumin) and myocardial stress (B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP]). Associations between indices of preoperative nutritional status and clinical outcomes were sought. RESULTS: Subjects had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 10.2 (33) months. In the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) cohort, duration of mechanical ventilation (median, 19 hours; IQR, 29 hours), length of intensive care unit stay (median, 5 days; IQR 5 days), duration of any continuous inotropic infusion (median, 66 hours; IQR 72 hours), and preoperative BNP levels (median, 30 pg/mL; IQR, 75 pg/mL) were associated with a lower preoperative triceps skin-fold z score (P < .05). Longer duration of any continuous inotropic infusion and higher preoperative BNP levels were also associated with lower preoperative prealbumin (12.1 ± 0.5 mg/dL) and albumin (3.2 ± 0.1; P < .05) levels. CONCLUSIONS: Lower total body fat mass and acute and chronic malnourishment are associated with worse clinical outcomes in children undergoing surgery for CHD at UCSF, a resource-abundant institution. There is an inverse correlation between total body fat mass and BNP levels. Duration of inotropic support and BNP increase concomitantly as measures of nutritional status decrease, supporting the hypothesis that malnourishment is associated with decreased myocardial function.

Comparison of the presentation and course of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in South Asians with Whites: a single center study in the United States.

We compared the severity of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in South Asians with Whites in the US. South Asians more commonly presented with poor weight gain, developed fistulas, and received treatment with antibiotics, methotrexate, adalimumab, and steroids. South Asians appear to have a more complicated presentation and course of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Estrutura da assembléia de peixes de uma lagoa marginal desconectada do rio, no submédio Rio São Francisco, Pernambuco / Fish assemblage structure in a marginal lake disconnected from the submedium São Francisco River, Pernambuco

Foram realizadas coletas utilizando vários apetrechos de pesca, entre os meses de março/07 e fevereiro/08, na lagoa Curralinho, uma lagoa marginal no trecho submédio do rio São Francisco, com o objetivo de avaliar a composição ictiofaunística após seu isolamento da calha principal do rio e deplecionamento de água. Foi coletado um total de 4.638 espécimes, com uma biomassa de 129.782,84 g, distribuídos em 16 famílias e 47 espécies das ordens Characiformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Gymnotiformes e Clupeiformes. Observou-se que os Characiformes foram os mais abundantes, com 87,3 por cento dos exemplares de pequeno (<100 mm) e médio porte (<200 mm). Dentre as espécies encontradas, 26,7 por cento são constantes, 35,6 por cento acessórias e 37,8 por cento acidentais. Characidae concentra a maioria das espécies e indivíduos, seguida de Acestrorhynchidae. Moenkhausia costae, Triportheus guentheri, Pygocentrus piraya e Prochilodus argenteus apresentaram constância de 100 por cento. Invertívoros e piscívoros dominaram quantitativamente e sua biomassa indica um domínio de predadores, tendo os detritívoros apresentado a segunda maior biomassa. Houve uma predominância de espécies sedentárias, com poucos exemplares de espécies migradoras, das famílias Anostomidae e Prochilodontidae e Salminus franciscanus. A riqueza, diversidade e eqüitabilidade apresentaram-se relativamente altas durante todo o período de estudo. Pode-se concluir que a lagoa Curralinho é um importante ambiente de abrigo, alimentação e descanso para a ictiofauna, mantendo peixes forrageiros que servem de base para a cadeia trófica e a sustentação pesqueira. Em vista disso, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de políticas ambientais e práticas de manejo que preservem a integridade desses habitats e a funcionalidade de seu papel na conservação da ictiodiversidade deste trecho da bacia do São Francisco.

Samplings with various fishing devices were undertaken between March 2007 and February 2008, in the Curralinho lake, a marginal pond located in the submedium São Francisco river, aiming at evaluating the fish fauna composition after its isolation from the river channel and water depletion. A total of 4,638 specimens was collected, with a biomass of 129,782.84 g, distributed in 16 families and 47 species from the Orders Characiformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Gymnotiformes and Clupeiformes. Characiformes were most abundant and 87.3 percent of the specimens were small (<100 mm) or medium-sized (<200 mm). Among the species collected, 26.7 percent were constant, 35.6 percent accessory and 37.8 percent accidental. Characidae encompasses most of the species and individuals, followed by Acestrorhynchidae. Moenkhausia costae, Triportheus guentheri, Pygocentrus piraya and Prochilodus argenteus were present in all samples. Invertivores and piscivores dominated quantitatively and their biomass indicate a predominance of predators, with detritivores presenting the second greatest biomass. Resident species prevailed, with few individuals of migratory fish belonging to Anostomidae and Prochilodontidae families and Salminus franciscanus. Fish richness, diversity and equitability were relatively high throughout the period of study. It may be concluded that the Curralinho lake is an important shelter, feeding and resting ground for the ichthyofauna, mainly for forage fish that serve as the basis of the trophic chain and fisheries´ sustainability. Therefore, there is an urgent need of environmental policy and management practices development that would preserve habitat integrity and functionability of their role in the conservation of ichthyodiversity of this stretch of the São Francisco basin.